名词性从句专项
一、知识梳理/提炼
要点一：句子的分类
根据句子的结构可分为：
①简单句——一主一谓。
②并列句——由等立连词and, but, so, for把两个（以上）的简单句连在一起构成。
③复合句——一个主句+从句（一个或以上）构成。
根据从句在复合句中的作用，分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。
要点二：名词性从句总述
1. 主语从句——在句中作主语，可用it作形式主语，把真正的从句放在句尾。如：
It is still a mystery how the prisoner escaped.
犯人是如何逃跑的是个谜。
主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数。What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定。如：What he needs is that book?
What he needs are some book?
主语从句常用的结构有：
It is well known/reported/thought/said/… that…
It is natural/surprising/necessary/certain/true/clear…that…
It is a pity/a shame/an honor/no surprise/no wonder…that…
It doesn’t’t matter whether…
It seems\appears that…
It happens that…
2. 表语从句——位于系动词之后充当复合句的表语，引导词that 一般可以省略，还可用as if/as though/because/why引导。如：
The question is who can complete the difficult task.
问题是是能完成这项艰巨的任务。
３．同位语从句——跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。名词主要有：fact, news （word）, promise, idea, truth, thought, suggestion, hope, proposal, doubt等。一般用that引导，不省略。如：
The news that our team has won the match is true.
我们队赢得了比赛的消息是真的。
4．宾语从句——在句中作动词、介词或者形容词的宾语。由that, if/whether/what,when, how, wich等引导。如：
I doubt whether\if he will keep his word.
我怀疑他是否会信守诺言。
Whether we can succeed depends on how well we cooperate.
能否成功有赖于我们怎么合作。
I am afraid (that) I have made a foolish mistake.
我恐怕是犯了个愚蠢错误。
要点三：名词性从句的引导词
1.从属连词有that, whether, if。它们只起连接作用，不充当从句的任何成分。
2.连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等。它们在从句中起连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、宾补、表语或定语。
3．连接副词有when, where, why, how 等，它们既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语。how many(much, far, long, often, soon)等引导主语、宾语、表语从句
要点四：名词性从句的语序
名词性从句中一律用陈述句语序
1. that 和whether/if引导的从句
She sensed something.
A tall man in a dark coat was staring at her
She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.
She wondered.
Would the buses still be running?
She wondered if/whether the buses would still be running.
2. 疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。
他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。
How was he successful is still a puzzle. (F)
How he was successful is still a puzzle. (T)
你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？
Could you tell me where he lives? (T)
Could you tell me where does he live? (F)
要点五：名词性从句的时态
1．在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，其从句的谓语根据各种需要用各种时态。当主句四一般过去时，从句应使用相应的过去时。对比如下：
Mary is very diligent. Mary was very diligent.
Mary is reading English. Tom said Mary was reading English.
Tom says Mary will give us a talk. Mary would give us a talk.
Mary has been caught in the rain. Mary had been caught in the rain.
但是，宾语从句表示事实、格言、谚语等，无论主句是什么时态从句的时态仍用一般现在时。如：
She said that her father is 30 years older than her.
她说她父亲比她大三十岁。
Our teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
老师告诉我们光的传播速度比声音快多了。
2．在主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，也要注意主从句的谓语动词要一致，关键要注意动作发生的先后。
Who will win the first prize in the contest is not known to us.
Have you any idea why he was so rude?
要点六：名词性从句的语气
只要表示“命令、建议、要求”的各类名词性从句，都要用虚拟语气should + 动词原形，should 可以省略。如：
He made the suggestion that the political prisoners (should) be set free.
他提议释放政治犯
The court ordered that the case (should )be heard at the end of August.
法庭下令在8月末开庭审理此案。
The police demanded that he give them the names.
警察要他说出那些人的姓名。
要点七：宾语从句否定词的转移
主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, espect, fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.。如
I don’t think he will come to my pa rty.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.（而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.）
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.。
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?
要点八：引导词that和what用法辨析
that不充当任何成分，what可以在从句中充当成分：主语、宾语、表语。that在宾语从句中可以省略。但在表语从句，主语从句和同位语从句中一般不省略。如：
下面几种情况不可以省略：
1. it作形式宾语，that 引导的真正宾语从句。
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
2. 两个或多个并列的that引导的宾语从句，只有第一个that可省。
Mr. smith told the workers (that) John had worked very hard and that he wanted him stay.
要点九：复合形式的引导词的用法
1．Whoever=anyone who, whichever, whatever=anything that = 名词/代词+（相关的）连接代词
He gave whoever came to the door a smile. = He gave any person who came to the door a smile. 比较：He asked me who broke the glass.（正确）他问我是谁打的玻璃。
He asked me whoever broke the glass.（错误）
Whoever goes against law shall be punished=Anybody who goes against law should be punished.（正确）违法的人将受罚。
Who goes against law shall be punished.（错误）
2．wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别
wh-ever可引导名词性从句，让步状语从句；no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句Whatever I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.让步状语从句
==No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.
He would believe whatever I said.宾语从句
要点十：同位语从句的that和定语从句的that的区别
1. The news that our team had won made us very happy.
同位语从句，由that引导，对news的具体内容进行说明，that在从句中不充当成分，不可省略。
2. The news (that) he brought us made us very happy.
定语从句，由that引导，对news进行限定和补充，that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语可省。
二、课堂精讲例题及方法归纳
2011北京卷22__________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A. Which
B. What
C. That
D. Whom
答案 B
考点考察名词性从句中的主语从句。
解析由句中的is可知其前面是由what引导的主语从句，且what在从句中作offer的宾语，故答案为B项。
2011北京卷31The shocking news mad me realize ________ terrible problems we would
face.
A. what
B. how
C. that
D. why
答案 A
考点考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。
解析这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合句意可知答案为A，此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。
2011上海卷35There is clear evidence _____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is
bodily pain.
A. what
B. if
C. how
D. that
答案 D
考点考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。
解析句意为：有明显证据显示最难表述的痛楚是来自于身体上的。分析句子结构，从句中不差成分，故用引导词that。
2011上海卷38The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite
of _____ others actually understand.
A. why
B. that
C. which
D. what
答案 D
考点考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。
解析句意为：你试图通过言语表达的意思或许恰恰跟别人理解的相反。从句做of的宾语。
2011山东卷26I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never
finishes anything.
A. that
B. when
C. where
D. why
答案 D
考点考查表语从句。
解析句义：我恐怕他比起来一个实践家更是一个空谈家，那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“which is..”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句根据句意用“why”引导。
2011山东卷33We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it.
A. where
B. what . whether D. which
答案 C
考点此题考查宾语从句的引导词。
解析根据句意“我们提供给她了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受”。whether “是否“，where “哪里“what “什么”，which “哪个“。
2011江西卷26.The villagers have already known ______ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.
A. this
B. that
C. what
D. which
答案 C
考点考察宾语从句和主语从句。
解析村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。
2011江苏卷26It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.
A. that
B. how
C. when
D. why
答案 D
考点考查主语从句。
解析句意：这名男子为什么没有早点报告这次事故的原因根本没有搞清楚。It在句中是形式主语，真正的主语是why引导的主语从句。
三、搭配课堂训练题
1.. _____________________ is known to all. (地球是圆的)
2.. ________________________ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会)
难度分级：A类
试题来源：题库
选题意图（对应知识点）：that 无意义, 后接一个完整的句子，that 不可省。
答案：1.. That the earth is round
2. That you missed the chance
True or False:
Her suggestion is that we will do it by turns. F
Her suggestion is that we do it by turns. T
难度分级:A类
用if 或whether 填空
1. I don’t know _______ I’ll be free tomorrow.
2. I don’t know _______ or not I’ll be free tomorrow.
3. The question is ______ this book is worth writing.
4. It depends on ______ we will have enough money.
5. ______ they can do it matters little to us.
6._______ you are not free tomorrow, I’ll go without you
答案: 1.whether/if 都可以引导宾语从句。
2. whether or not 为固定的表达。
3.whether可以引导表语从句，if不可以。
4.whether 可以做介词的宾语，if不可以。
5. whether引导的主语从句可以放在句首，if不可以。
6. If引导条件状语从句，whether不可以。
难度分级:C类
选词填空that/ whether / where/ how
1. I have no idea _________ he comes from.
2. He can’t answer the question ________ he got the money.
3. He gave us many suggestions ________ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.
4. I have no doubt ________ he will win.
5. I have some doubt ________ he will win.
答案: 1. where 2. how 3. that 4. that. 5. whether
难度分级B类
四、巩固练习
基础训练（A类）
1. It now appears ______ they are in need of help.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. how
2. It is good news ______ they will arrive in a few days.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. how
3. It ______ Joe drives badly.
A. thought that
B. thinks that
C. thought that
D. is thought that
4. It ______ he is late for class.
A. may that
B. might that
C. may be that
D. might be what
5. This is ______ she was born.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. what
6. The question is ______ we can’t go there today.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. when
7. The question is ______ it is worth doing.
A. if
B. whether
C. which
D. what
8. The reason he has made such great progress is _______ he has never wasted his time.
A. because
B. why
C. that
D. what
9. My suggestion is ______ we should turn the land into rice fields.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. where
10. His proposal is that the dam ______ at the foot of the mountain.
A. build
B. will build
C. be built
D. will be built
答案：1-5 ACDCA 6-10 ABCBC
提高训练（B类）
1．Much to the couple’s comfort, t heir income is now double it was five years ago．A．that B．than C．which D．what
2. ____it takes for us to reduce pressure is important to our emotional health, and crying seems to _____well.
A. Whatever; work
B. whichever; help
C. However; function
D. What; help
3．If the project should be delayed for a day, ________would mean we would be fined $ 100,000.
A．that B．as C．which D．and it
4．When I try to understand _______it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, is seems to me ______ there are quite a few causes.
A．why; that B．which; as C．what; that D．whether; since
5. There is a feeling in me _______ we will never know what a UFO is.
A. that
B. which
C. of which
D. what
6. While the total number of farmers engaged in the agriculture production is barely half _____ it used to be in 1959, the size of the average farm has tripled.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. how
7. It was after he got_____he had wanted _____he realized it was not so important.
A. what; what
B. what; that
C. that; what
D. that; which
8．What if we meet with a situation_____none of us are able to deal with？
A．where B．in which C．what D．that
9．Advertising is different from other forms of communication _____the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.
A．in which B．in order that C．in that D．in the way 10．—Do you think it wise for Chinese mothers to try to do everything for their children?
—No, that’s_____ they a re mistaken.
A．where B．what C．when D．how
11. My advice is that he ______ regular house.
A. keep
B. would keep
C. keeps
D. kept
12.______ knows the truth will tell you about it.
A. Who that
B. Whoever
C. Whom that
D. That who
13. We all know the truth _____ the earth goes round the sun.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. whether
14. We heard the news ______ our team had won.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. where
15. The problem ______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.
A. which
B. that
C. whether
D. if
16. You must do well ______ the teacher asks you to do.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
答案：1-5 DAACA 6-10 BBDCA 11-16 ABABCB
综合迁移（C类）
1. The only problem was ________ we kept getting lost! But London people are very friendly and
helpful.
A. why
B. whether
C. that
D. how
2. The fact she had not said anything at the meeting all of us.
A. what; surprised
B. what; was surprised
C. that; surprised
D. that; was surprising
3. The most exciting thing for him was he finally found two tinned fruits in seemed
to him to be a servant's bedroom.
A. that; that
B. that; what
C. what; that
D. what; what
4. Finally they arrived at a place_______ sold cigarettes and other small articles.
A. where
B. which
C. in which
D. what
5. There were two small rooms in the house, ____served as kitchen.
A. the smaller of which
B. the small of which
C. the smaller of them
D. the smaller one
6. It is no longer a question now _____ man can land on the moon.
A. that
B. if
C. whether
D. what
7. I have the same opinion as you _____ the privacy of one's life should be kept secret.
A. that
B. which
C. whether
D. where
答案：1-7 CCBBAAA
主语从句练习题 一．翻译 1．(谁将去接他)_______________________________________________ is not decided. 2．(哪个班极会赢得这场足球赛)__________________________________ is not clear . 3．(他能否买到飞机票)______________________________________ doesn’t matter much. 4．(我们如何去那里)__________________________________________ is a question. 5．(你刚才告诉我的)_______________________________________ was really a surprise. 6．(他什么时候出国)_______________________________________ is being discussed 7．(他为什么哭)___________________________________________ is not clear. 8．It is clear______________________________________________(他是一个乞丐). 9．(你要请谁)______________________________________________ is not important. 10．(我们将在哪里举行篮球赛)____________________________________ is not clear. 二．找出下列句子中的主语从句及其引导词，并且指出引导词是否充当成分，充当什么成分。 1. That we shall be late is certain. 2. That the driver could not control his car was obvious. 3. It is certain that we shall be late. 4. It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. 5. Is it possible that they will come tomorrow？ 6. It is clear that he was telling the truth. 7. It’s probable that we’ll be a little late. 8. What caused the accident is a complete mystery. 9. It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 10. It shocked me that Peter didn’t tell anybody where he was. 11. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. 12. It’s a pity that you can’t go with us. 13. What he did is not yet known. 14. It is said that he has been there many times. 15. It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident. 16. When they will have the sports meet is still a question. 17. It seems that he has lost something. 18. What he said at the meeting encouraged everyone. 19. What caused the accident was a broken bottle. 20. It remains a problem whether it is true. 21. Whoever breaks the law is sure to be punished. 22. What she looks like doesn’t matter.
名词性从句---主语从句 1. What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation. 2. Her wish is that she can lose weight soon. 3. I think that woman can reach every high achievements in many fields of science. 4. We were very excited at the news that our team had won. 引导名词性从句的关联词可分为三类： 一．从属连词：that（无任何词意） whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性） as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分二．连接代词：what, who, whom, which，whose, whatever, whoever, whichever(作主宾表定) 三．连接副词：when, where, how, why(作状语) I.主语从句 1.定义：在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。 2.位置：主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 3.引导主语从句的关联词： (1)从属连词that,whether,if (在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用) That Jack won the match yesterday surprised us. Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. (此处不能用if) (2)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever(充当主宾表定) What she did is not known. Whoever comes is welcome. (3)连接副词where,when,how,why(在从句中充当状语) How this happened is not clear to anyone. When the meeting will be held is decided by our manager. 4.有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把真正主语放在句子末尾。 How the book will sell depends on its author. = It depends on its author how the book will sell. That he is the best student in the class is obvious. = It is obvious that he is the best student in the class. 用it作形式主语的几种常见结构： (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that… 很自然It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… It ap pears that… 似乎… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句
高考总复习：主语从句及宾语从句真题再现 1. (2016 高考北京卷)Your support is important to our work．________ you can do helps. A．However B．Whoever ．Whatever D．Wherever 2. (2016 高考江苏卷)It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope．A．why B．what C．as D．that 3. (2017 高考北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading. A. why B. where C. how D. when 4. (2017 高考北京卷) Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever 5. （2017 高考江苏卷）We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _________ it used to charge. A. that B. which C. what D. how 6. （2017 高考江苏卷）He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he __________. A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed 7. （2017 高考天津卷）She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t. A. when B. where C. whether D. what 8.（2017 北京西城一模）It is entirely true _______ children learn more from people they like. So, try to be friends with them. A. what B. why C. that D. how 9. （2017 北京西城一模）The results of the experiment turned out contrary to ______ was expected. A. what B. which C. whom D. that 答案与解析 1.C；题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语，“________ you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。 2. D；考查主语从句。句意：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。该句是主语从句，句子的it是形式主语，故用that引导从句作真正的主语从句。 3. B。考查宾语从句。句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据句意可知选B。 4.B。考查主语从句。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。_____ makes the most beautiful kite是主语从句，根据意思可知答案。 5. C。考查宾语从句。“half of _________ it used to charge”是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句
语法要点剖析 一、名词性从句 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 1. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if 和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副 词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名 作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1）It + be + 名词+ that从句（2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句 （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句（4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that… It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… 2. 宾语从句 名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去 上海。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。
高考总复习：主语从句及宾语从句 真题再现 1. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _______he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. A. where B. whether C. that D. why 2. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike. A. how B. which C. that D. what 3. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently. A. why B. how C. that D. whether 4. We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 5. It doesn’t matter _____ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. how B. whether C. what D. why 6. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn’t matter ____ you have lived there for a short or a long time. A. why B. how C. whether D. when 7. It suddenly occurred to him ___ he had left his keys in the office. A. whether B. where C. which D. that 8. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _____ he could find about Mark Twain. A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever 9. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _____ suits you best. A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever 1. B。首先把插入语generally speaking删掉。but后的并列分句中，whether he reaches these limits（作为句子主语）will depend on his environment. 2. D。此处it是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语，what作do的宾语。句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。 3. C。宾语从句不缺少成分用that引导。 4. C。首先本句考查的关键短语是promise sb. sth.（向某人承诺某事），本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会，不定式做chance的定语，然后就是参加聚会的任何人（whoever=anyone who）。 5. B。此处it是形式主语，后面whether...or…引导的主语从句是真正的主语，whether...or…意为：是…还是…都行。句意：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。 6. C。根据空后的or可知为“whether … or”短语。
主语从句与宾语从句 一、名词性从句是四位从句的总称：主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句。这些从句都起到类似于名词的作用。 主从：一个句子充当大句子的主语，就叫主语从句。例如； What I need is money.(主语是What I need作大句的主语) It was not obvious that water is fundamental to the development of life.（It是形式主语，真正的主语是that 从句。） 主语从句的位置有两种，一种是放于句首；一种是用It 作形式主语，从句被放后面。 二、宾语从句：一个小句子充当大句子的宾语。 He asked me how old I was . She took it for granted that I’d be back home an hour ago.（It 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。） 考点一：语序 What I want to do is to go home immediately.陈述语序。 I asked where the famous restaurant was .陈述语序。 名词性从句的语序应该是陈述句语序。 删除疑问语序（be /助动词、情态动词+主语） 考点二：引导词 That（没成分） That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.(that 引导的句子作大句子的主语，that不能丢。) Whether /if （有时互换，主语从句只能用wheather引导，不能用if .可用if 的地方都能用wheather。） Whether the meeting will be put off depends on the weather . 疑问代词：what,who, whom,which,whose 在从句中有成分 What he has is just money.（在从句中有成分作宾语） 疑问副词：where ,when,why,,how在从句中有成分 Why he didn’t attend class is not know yet. That：引导名词性从句时无成分，无词义，有时可以省略。 Whether /if引导名词性从句时无成分，是否。 特殊疑问代词：主，宾，表，定。 疑问副词：状。 考点三：no matter+疑问词（what）VS疑问词（what）+ever Whatever he says must be put down . No matter what he says/Whatever he says,I will not change my mind. 意思相同，但语法不一样。第一句主从，第二句让步状语从句。以ever开头的引导主从或者状语从句，而以no matter 开头的不能引导名词性从句，只能引导状语从句，所以选ever 就一定对。 考点四：建议、命令、要求类+宾从 The doctor suggested that an operation (should)be done immediately on the patient. 初中讲过当主句是一般过去时态的宾语从句：主过去，从句也过去。当主句的动词是建议、命令、要求类的动词时，后面的宾从必须是should+动词原形且should可以省略。此时不管。主语是谁，不管主句是什么时态都不能改变动词是原形的要求.once表示建议、命令、要求类的动词suggest,advise,propose,demand,require,insist,request,ask,command,order后面如果后
考研英语主语从句翻译方法 一、关联词或从属连词位于句首的从句+主句谓语+其他成分 它们一般是译在句首，作为主从复合句的主语。这样的词有关联词what, which, how, why, where, who, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever及从属连词that, whether, if.如：What we now will describe is how the magnetic nature of iron oxide can uniquely be exploited as a separation process utilizing a magnetic filtration system. 参考译文：现在我们所要介绍的是如何奇特地利用氧化铁的磁性而提出一种使用磁力过滤系统的分离法。 分析：其中关联词可译为：...所。 二、it+谓语+that(whether)引导的从句 如果先译主句，可以顺译为无人称句。有时也可先译从句，再译主句。如果先译从句，便可以在主句前加译"这"。如： It can be seen that precleaning alone would not reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to levels anywhere near the standards. 参考译文：可以看出，这四种煤的总含硫量仅靠预先洗选将不能降低到完全接近标准规定的水平。 It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air. 分析：有时为了使译文成分完整，可以补充上泛指的主语（如人们...、大家...）。 参考译文：物体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种大家共有的经验。类似的结构还有：it is (universally) known that...大家都知道...it is believed that...人们都相信...
主语从句 导入：观察并指出句子成分 A treehas fallenacrossthe road. Youarea student. To find your waycan bea problem. Smokingisbadfor you. 一．概念： 主语：主语是指句子谈论的主题，说明的人或事物。也就是句中动作、行为、性质和状态的主体，一般位于句首 主语从句：在句中充当主语的从句 二·基本结构 关系词简单句谓语动词宾语同位语 Thathe finished writing the composition in such a short timesurprisedusall. 他在很短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶 三关系词(引导词) 1．从属连词：that whether that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。 That she left him cut him to the heart. That he will come is certain. 注意：有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免“头重脚轻”, 常用it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。E.g That she has made such a mistake is a pity. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + adj. +从句 It is necessary that… 有必要… It is important tha t …. 重要的是… It is obvious that…… 很明显…… 2) It +不及物动词+从句 It seems/appears that... 似乎…… It happened that... 碰巧…… It occurred to me that…… 我突然想起…… 3) It + be +过去分词+从句 It is said that... 据说……
表语从句与主语从句 表语从句和主语从句以及宾语从句都要用陈述语序。 Ⅰ.表语从句 在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句称为表语从句。它位于主句的系动词之后， 最为重要的是我们应该为牛找到足够的水。 The doubt is who has taken away the valuable vase. （主语，人） 疑点是谁拿走了那只贵重的花瓶。 My topic today is what most scientists are researching.（宾语，物，没有选择范围） 我今天的话题就是大多数科学家正在研究的课题。 The problem is which school will be chosen.(which在从句中作定语) 问题是哪一所学校将被选中。 All this was over twenty years ago，but it’s as if it was only yesterday. 这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。 表语从句中应注意的问题 (1)because，why引导的表语从句。 because引导表语从句时，表示“因为”，why引导表语从句时，表示“……的原因”，相当于the reason why。 That’s because he didn’t understand me. (That’s because...强调原因) 那是因为他不理解我。 That’s why he got angry with me. (That’s why...强调结果) 那正是他对我生气的原因。 (2)what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。 What cost him his life was that he was too careless. 使他丧命的原因是他太粗心了。 The reason why I was sad/for my being sad was that he didn’t understand me. 我难过的原因是他不理解我。 (3)使用虚拟语气的表语从句 在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词需用“should＋动词原形”表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，plan，idea，request，requirement等。 My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside. 我的建议是我们应当讨论一下这个问题，而不应该把它放在一边。 （4）as if/as though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be，become等后面，常用虚拟语气，即形式常用过去式的某种时态。
用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）： I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden. 主语从句 1. will go to the concert is not known. 2. we need is more time. 3. will they go is not known. 4. will they hold the meeting is not known. 5. he was late for class is not clear. 6. kinds of books they will buy needs considering. 7. he wil l come to see me doesn’t matter much. 翻译练习 1．(谁将去接他)_____________ is not decided. 2．(哪个班极会赢得这场足球赛)________ is not clear so far. 3．(他能否买到飞机票)________________ doesn’t matter much. 4．(我们如何去那里)_________________ is a question. 5．(你刚才告诉我的)________________ was really a surprise. 6．(他什么时候出国)_________________ is being discussed 7．(他为什么哭)_________________ is not clear. 8．It is clear__________ (他是一个乞丐). 9．(你要请谁)_____________ is not important. 10．(我们将在哪里举行篮球赛)__________________ is not clear. 宾语从句 you know how much hot water_________ A．Mum is needed B．does Mum need C．Mum needs D．did Mum need you tell me_________ A．where he is B．where is he C．he is where D．what is he you know_________ A．what the news are B．what is the news C．what the news is D．what are the news liked sports _________ I was young. A．so much as B．so much that C．very much when D．very much because
名词性从句 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，它们在复合句中的功用相当于名词，因此称为名词性从句，在句中分别作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。 1．When he will come is still unknown. 2．I don’t know who has watered the fields. 3．The problem is that we need more money. 4．Have you heard the news that our team won the game? 1．主语从句：在复合句中作句子主语的从句。 引导词：连词that、whether;疑问代词who, what, which; 疑问副词when, where, how, why (1)连词that（无词意）, whether(是否), 在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用; whether能引导主语从句，而if不能。 That you don’t like him has nothing to do with me. Whether John will do this experiment remains a question. （2）疑问代词who, what, which, 在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced. What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well. Which school will win the prize is not known. Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown. Whichever you take will be yours. Whoever wants this book may take it. Whatever was said here must be kept secret. (3)疑问副词when, where, how, why在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因 状语 When they will start hasn’t been de cided yet. Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story. How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery. Why he often comes here is known to us all.
名词性从句（宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句）六大基本句型 1主系表句型----- be （连系动词do） 2、主谓宾----- do（vt） 3、主谓----- do(vi)----(不及物动词) 4、主谓宾补----do(vt) 5、主谓宾宾---do(vt) 记双宾语的动词一定要记。 6、There be (不及物动词do)--------be (不及物动词) 宾语从句定义：在主谓宾句型的宾语的位置上把做为名词的宾语扩展成一个be句型或者do句型。可以用下列公式进行表示：主语+谓语+从句。 宾语从句的连词① that , ②whether(or not)或if; ③which(whichever), who(whoever)，whom(whomever) ，whose(whosever)，what(whatever); ④ when(whenever)，where(wherever)，why，how(however); ⑤ how many, how much, how long, how often，how soon 宾语从句的形式： 1、主谓宾句型的宾语从句: 作为名词的宾语扩展成一个be句型或者do句型。 He knows the news He knows that the teacher is in classroom 2、主谓宾宾---do(vt) 句型的宾语从句，把直接宾语变为一个be或do句型。 He tells me the news He tells the news to me
He tells me that she is a teacher He tells that she is a teacher to me 3、主谓宾补句型的宾语从句需要it来做形式宾语 I find Chinese important 主谓宾补 I find that we make a quick decision about this matter important 主谓宾语从句补 I find it important that we make a quick decision about this matter 主谓形式宾语补宾语从句 I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的. I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯. 4、宾语从句的省略形式： 某些形容词后面可以带宾语从句，其形式为sb+be+形容词+that宾语从句：这一类形容词通常是表示人物的心理，情感等状态的形容词如： sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised a. I am glad (that) you helped me. b、I am sure (that) you can pass the exam. 1、I am glad of your help.
高二年级语法要点剖析（李翌洋） 一、名词性从句 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 1. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if 和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。 例如： （1）What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 注意：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1）It + be + 名词+ that从句 （2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句 （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句 （4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that… It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…