哥白尼与日心说
尼古拉．哥白尼（Copernicus Nicholas），波兰一位伟大的天文学家。他以惊人的天才和勇气揭开了宇宙的秘密，奠定了近代天文学的基础。哥白尼以毕生的精力去进行天文研究，创立了《天体运行论》这一“自然科学的独立宣言”。他的这些成就使他成为了人类科学发展历史上最伟大的革命家之一。
一. 哥白尼生平
哥白尼于1473年2月19日出生在波兰西部维斯杜拉河畔托伦城的一个商人家庭。家里兄妹四个，哥白尼是最小的。在他10岁时，父亲去世了，舅父卢卡斯承担起了抚育他的重任。
1491年至1495年，哥白尼进入克拉科夫大学学习。克拉科夫是当时波兰的首都，也是东欧最大的贸易和文化中心，有许多国家的留学生在这里学习。由于它地处东西欧交通要冲，所以比较早地受到意大利文艺复兴的影响。因此在这座古老的大学里，新兴的资产阶级人文主义思想和腐朽的封建教会的经院哲学之间展开了激烈的斗争。哥白尼在先进的人文主义思想的熏陶下，在心灵里埋下了向经院哲学挑战的种子。在这里，他遇到了对他的一生产生深远影响的数学家和天文学家布鲁楚斯基（Brudzewski）教授。是这位教授的启蒙教育促使哥白尼决定将自己的一生奉献给天文科学。
1496年哥白尼前往意大利求学，先后进入博洛尼亚大学、帕多瓦大学和费拉拉大学学习和研究法律、天文学、数学、神学和医学，他同时还学会了希腊文。1503年，哥白尼获得了教会法规博士学位。
1497年，哥白尼就任瓦尔半米亚牧师的僧正。1510年后，他先后从事过管理、外交等工作。他是一个杰出的经济学家，写过《货币的一般理论》一书。他是近代第一个提出劣币淘汰良币理论的经济学家。哥白尼医术高明，他利用业余时间行医，免费为穷苦人治病，是一位颇有名望的医生，被人们誉为“神医”。哥白尼还是一位出色的数学家，他的巨著《天体运行论》附录里，发表过他的球面三角论文。
哥白尼也是一位伟大的爱国主义者，当条顿骑士团疯狂侵略波兰时，他挺身而出，起来保卫自己的祖国。1519年，条顿骑士团来犯，埃尔门兰德地区的僧侣全给吓跑了，而他却勇敢的组织和领导了奥尔兹丁城的人民奋勇反击侵略者，经过五天五夜的激战，终于打退了敌人的进攻。
1 Unit 1Great scientists人教版·必修⑤
The topic(教学课题):
How to organize scientific research & Contributions of scientists
The background(教案背景):
Qian Xuesen (1911.12.11-2009.10.31)
Nicolas Copernicus John Snow (1813-1858) was born and worked as a
doctor in Great Britain. He was originally an anesthetist,
which means that he put people to sleep during operations.
He also began to experiment using the same drugs to help
women when they had babies. That is why be became the
doctor for Queen Victoria at the births of her many children.
At the time he lived, cholera was the most frightening
disease. There are four outbreaks of cholera n the 1830s and
1840s. Another two outbreaks were in 1853 and 1854. John
Snow believed that cholera came from polluted drinking
water. He made an experiment to find out the real reason.
.
专业. Unit 1 Great scientists
Period One
Teaching aims:
1. Promote the Ss to know sth. about great scientists.
2. Learn some new words and expressions.
3. To examine a new scientific idea.
4. Comprehension.
Main points: Warming up and Reading passage
Difficult points: Comprehension
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Warming up
1. Show the Ss some pictures of great scientists and ask them to talk about them.
2. The Ss discuss in groups and walk along to offer them help if needed.
3. Work out their answers by themselves.
4. Check their answers.
Step 2. Pre-reading
1. The Ss discuss the stages in examining a new scientific idea in pairs by asking the questions in
the pre-reading.
2. Ask the Ss to put them in order and get their answers.
Step 3. Reading passage
1. Let the Ss go over the passage and try to find the hard words, expressions and sentences they
- 1 - 必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists
“Genius Grant” Winner Is a Genius at Inspiring Students
“天才奖金”获得者是个激励学生的天才
When the phone rang, Rebecca Richards-Kortum thought
it was a telemarketer(电话推销员). Instead, it was the
MacArthur Foundation (麦克阿瑟基金会) calling her to tell her
she’d just won a grant totaling $625, 000.
The MacArthur Fellowships, as they’re officially called,
are often dubbed(起绰号; 戏称) the “genius grants”. They’re
given out each year to 20 to 30 people who—according to the
Foundation’s confidential (秘密的) selection committee—show
“exceptional creativity”.
Richards-Kortum teaches bioengineering at Rice University
in Houston. It could be a boring gig (工作; 任务)—designing
new catheters (导管), teaching the history of the X-ray,
re-engineering medical equipment. But she approached the job as
