2015年职称英语理工类考试完形填空练习题

2015职称英语理工类B真题及答案(完整版)第一部分：词汇选项1. The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleasedB. powerfulC. brave D .sensible2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. acceptB. controlC. observeD. regulate3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present.A limit B. fear C. power D. fool4. Most people find rejection hard to accept.A. excuseB. clientC. destinyD. refusal5. She's extremely competent and industrious.A. hardworkingB. honestC. objectiveD. independent6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish7. He tried to assemble his thoughts.A. clearB. shareC. gatherD. spare8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.A. messageB. punishmentC. guiltD. obligation9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions.A. flexibleB. terribleC. reasonableD. serious10. These products are inferior to those we brought last year.A. poorer thanB. narrower thanC. larger thanD. richer than11. The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly.A. improvedB. changedC. worsenedD. developed12. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building.A. coexistingB. fairC. full D .pubic13. They're petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport.A. requesting B .planning C. preparing D. looking14. He said some harsh words about his brother.A. unkindB. properC. normalD. unclear15. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amountB. supplyC. sumD. temp第二部分：阅读判断ADHD Linked to Air PollutantsChildren have an increased of attention problems, seen as early as grade school. If their noses inhaled(吸入)a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That's the finding of a new study. Released when things aren't burned completely, this pollution is known aspolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.Frederica Perera works at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health is New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects children's health in a new study, she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew(排放)PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera's team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe(探查)other sources of PAHs, ones that's would have been hard for an individual to avoid.The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason Any PAHs in a woman's blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children, now age 9. They asked each child's mother a series of questions. These included whatever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained(长期的)mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in U.S. children has ADHD.Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Ohters had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.16. Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects' physical health.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20 Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概况大意与完成句子First Image-recognitions software1) Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.2)The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm(运算法则)for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel(像素)data in images and potentially video—rather than just text—to locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned(收集)from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions(图片说明),making for more accurate document search results.3)“Over the last 30 years,” says Associate Professor Korenz o Torresani, a co-author of the study,” the web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia datastet, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures of videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately get the gist(主旨)of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popular search engine, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of Wedpages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search.”4)The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system—a type of artificialintelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed— that extracts semantic(语义的)information from pixels of photos in Web pages. This informationg is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries(查询)on a database of 50 million Wed pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found tht this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.23. Paragraph 1 _____24. Paragraph 2 _____25. Paragraph 3 _____26 Paragraph 4 _____A. Popularity of the new systemB. Publication of the new discoveryC .Function of the new systemD. Artificial intelligence software createdE. Problems of the existing search enginesF .Improvement in document retrieval27. The new system does document retrieval by _____.28. The new system is expected to improve precision in _____.29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore _____.30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the _____.A. information in imagesB. current popular search enginesC. using photosD. machine vision systemsE. document searchF. description of the HTML page第四部分：阅读理解第一篇Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(树冠)of taller indigenous(土生土长的)trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者)in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers bybuying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly." Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we're paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it's worth it.31. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.B. Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.C. Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.D. People should buy shade-grown coffee.32. The function of the word "Traditionally" in Paragraph 2 is to show_____.A. the positive effects of coffee.B. a change of coffee growth.C. something that is the most important.D. how coffee production used to be.33.What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?A. More insects.B. Better quality coffee.C. Larger farms.D. Higher profits.34. How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?A. They buy more land from other farmers.B. They cut down trees.C. They move to another country.D. They turn grassland into farmland.35.The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_____ full sunA. insects.B. air.C. birdsD. humans第二篇More Rural Research is NeededAgricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feeditself better than it does now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead.“The global decline in investment in international agricul tural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition(营养不良)and poverty.” he said.Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation(贫瘠化)and environmental problems. Secure local food supplies led to economic growth which is turn, slowed population growth. Dr. Fischerpainted a picture of the world’s ability to feed itself in the first 25 years, when the world’s population is expected to rise from 5 X to X billion people. He said that things will pro bably hold or improve but there’ll still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia in 2020, similar to the current pattern. If there is any change, a slight improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. The major improvement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia.The developing world was investing about 0.5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product(GDP)on research and developed world was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said more was needed from all countries.He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research havingspin-offs(有用的副产品)for Mexico, China or India.“Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently.” Dr. Fischer said.Yields of rice, wheat ad maize(玉米)havegrown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in developing countries. For example, maize production rose from 2 to 8 tonnes per hectare between 1950 and 1995.But technologies driving this growth such as high-yield varieties, fertilizers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted. “If you want to save the land for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildlife, you’re going to have to increase yield.” Dr. Fischer said.36. What is the passage mainly about?A. Shortage of food supplies.B. Development of agricultural technologies.C. Impact of agricultural research.D. Expectation of population growth.37. Which of the following statements is true about the world’s agricultural research funding?A. It is increasing among developed countries.B. It is decreasing worldwide.C. Less is demanded from developing countries.D. Most of it is spent very efficiently.38. What is the picture of Asia’s food supplies in the first 25 years?A. Food shortage will not be a problemB. There will be more hungry people in southern Asia.C. Population growth will result in more hungry people.D. There will be fewer hungry people in East Asia.39. What does Dr. Fischer say about technologies? Dr FischerA. They are costly.B. They have to be improved to meet local needs.C. Their application is limited.D. They have to be applied locally.40. It can be infered from the last paragraph that_____.A. there is a demand for saving land for non-agricultural activities.B. crop production is growing faster in developing countries.C. maize production reached its peak in the 1990s.D. technologies improving maize production have been well developed.第三篇Dangers await babies with altitudeWomen who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers areunder-nourished — many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1976 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. L Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. "We were very surprised by this result," says Giussani.The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. "This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child," says Giussani.His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to rest of the body.Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary(冠状的) heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to bodyweight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.41. What does the new study discover?A. Babies born to wealthy families are heaver.B. Women living at high altitude tend to give birth to underweight babies.C. Newborns in cities are lighter than average.D. Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life.42. Giussani and his team are sure that _____.A. babies born in Lance Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz.B. people living at high altitudes tend to give birth to underweight babies.C. the birth weight of babies born to wealthy families is Santa Cruz.D. mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished.43. It can be inferred from what Giussani says in Paragraph 4that_____.A. the finding was unexpectedB. he was very tired.C. the study took longer than expected.D. he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz.44. The results of the study indicate the reason for the underweight babies is _____.A. lack of certain nutrition.B. power of their mother.C. different family backgrounds.D. reduction of oxygen levels.45. It can be learned about form the paragraph that_____.A. high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in later life.B. under-weight babies have a shorter life span.C. babies born to poor families lack hormones before birth.D. new born wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies.第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)Saving a City's Public ArtAvoiding traffic jams in Los Angeles may be impossible, but the city's colorful freeway murals(壁画)can brighten even the worst commute. Paintings that depict(描述)famous people and historical scenes cover office buildings and freeway walls all access the city. With a collection ofmore than 2,000 murals, Los Angeles is the unofficial mural capital of the world.But the combination of graffiti(涂鸦), pollution, and hot sun has left many L.A. murals in terrible condition. _____(46)in the past, experts say, little attention was given to caring for public art. Artists were even expected to maintain their own works, not an easy task with cars racing by along the freeway._____(47)The work started in 2003. So far, 16 walls have been selected and more may be added later.Until about 1960, public murals in Los Angeles were rare. But in the 1960s and 1970s, young L.A. artists began to study early 20th-century Mexican mural painting_____(48)The most famous mural in the city is Judith Baca's "The Great Wall," a 13-foot-high(4-meter-high)painting that runs for half a mile (0.8 kilometer) in North Hollywood, _____(49)it took eight years to complete—400 underprivileged teenagers painted the designs—and is probably the longest mural in the world.One of the murals that will be restored now is Kent Twitchell's "Seventh Street Altarpiece." which he painted for the Los Angeles Olympics in 1984. _____ (50) Twitchell said, "it was meant as a kind ofgateway through which the traveler to L.A. must drive. The open hands represent peace."Artists often call murals the people's art. Along a busy freeway or hidden in a quiet neighborhood, murals can teach people who would never pay money to see fine art in a museum, "Murals give a voice to the silent majority," said one artist.A. The city trying to stop the spread of graffiti, has painted over some of the murals complete.B. This striking work depicts two people facing each other on opposite sides of the freeway near downtown Los Angeles.C. Artists like murals because they like the work of Mexican artists.D. Now the city is beginning a huge project to restore the city's murals.E. The mural represents the history of ethnic groups in California.F .Soon, their murals became a symbol of the city's cultural expressions and a showcase for L.A.'s cultural diversity.第6部分：完形填空I'll Be BachComposer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical music. It took Cope 30 years to develop the software. Now most people can't _____(51)the difference betweenmusic by the famous German composer J. S. Bach (1685-1750) and the Bach-like compositions from Cope's computer.It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to write an opera. He was having _____(52)thinking of new melodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first this music was not_____(53)to listen to. What did Cope do? He began to rethink how human beings compose music. He realized that composers,brains_____(54)like big databases. First, they take in all the music that they have ever heard. Then they take_____(55)the music that they dislike. Finally, they make new music from what is_____(56). According to Cope, only the great composers are able to create the database accurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it.Cope built a_____(57)database of existing music. He began with hundreds of works by Bach. The software analyzed the data_____(58)it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It then combinedthe_____(59)into new patterns. Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works. They weren't good, but it was a start.Cope knew he had more work to do-he had a whole opera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could_____(60)more complex music. He also added many other composers, including his own work to the database.A few years later, Cope's computer program, called "Emmy", was ready to help him with his opera. The_____(61)required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computer's musical ideas and used the_____(62)that he liked. With Emmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great_____(63)! Cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactly_____(64)he had composed the work.Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesn't like of her music, _____(65)she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days!51. A. Make B. tell C. Take D. understand52. A. trouble B. time C. Fear D. pleasure53. A. Loud B .peaceful C. classic D. easy54. A. Feel B. look C. sound D .work55. A.in B.at C. with D. out56. A. added B .left C. created D .released57. A .Small B. huge C .Simple D. colorful58.A. cut B. drop C. broke D. turned59.A .parts B. programs C. ideas D .pieces60. A. play B. hear C. collect D. analyze61. A .stage B. process C. period D. application62. A. ones B. cases C. others D. sides63. A. loss B. end C. success D. rush64 A .when B. how C. what D. why65. A. but B. until C.so D .because参考答案：第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)1-5. C A B D A6-10. C C B B A11-15. C A A A D第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)16-22. B B B C C A A第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题，每题1分，共8分) 23-26. D C E F27-30. C E A B第4部分：阅读理解(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分)31-35. DB D B B36-40. C B C B A41-45. B A A D B第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分) 46-50. A D C E B第6部分：完型填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分) 51-55. B A D D D56-60. B B C D D61-65. B A C B A。

Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays 1 ___ we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and 2 ___ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the 3 ___ of every modern city. In the home, many 4 ___ devices are powered by electricity. 5 ___ when we turn off the bedside lamp and are 6 ___ asleep, electricity is working for us, 7 ___ our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely 8 ___ to consider why or how they run——9 ___ something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something 10 ___ go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 11 ___. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, 12 ___ to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that 13 ___ you were lucky enough not to be 14. ___ between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down 15 ___ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) 16 ___ became as gloomy and uninviting 17 ___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, ___ 18. although the police had been ordered to 19 ___ in case of emergency, they were just as confused and 20 ___ as anybody else.1.A.that B. thus C. as D. so2. A.car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians3.A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface4.A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labour-saving5.A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently6.A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly7. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving8.A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember9.A. when B. if C. until D. after10.A. did B. would C. could D. Should11.A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill12.A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless13. A.although B. when C. as D. even if14. A.trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked15.A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors16.A. time B. instant C. point D. minute17.A. like B. than C. for D. as18.A. for B. and C. but D. or19.A. stand aside B. stand down C. stand by D. stand in20.A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecidedWhat do you look for in a potential date? Sincerity? Good looks? Character? Conversational ability? Asked to ____1____ such qualities, most people put physical attractiveness near the ____2____ of the list. Of course. Intelligent people are not greatly concerned ____3____ such superficial qualities as good ____4____; they know that “beauty is only skin____5____.” At least they know that’s how they ____6____ feel.This intuition ____7____ looks matt er little may be another example of our ____8____ real influences upon us, for there are many research studies ____9____ that appearance greatly determines initial attraction.Some researchers have matched students ____10____ blind dates to see what qualities led to liking. Immediately after the dating, and again three months later, the students ____11____ their dates and speculated about ____12____ they felt as they did. Men more than women ____13____ their date’s physical attractiveness was important. But,____14____ the date’s physical attractiveness actually predicted the women’s attraction ____15____ their dates more than men.In another study, Elaine Hatfield ____16____ 752 university freshmen for a dance party.For each person, the researchers secured a variety of ____17____ and aptitude (能力) test scores, but then actually matchedthe couples ____18____ . The couples evaluated their dates after the party. How well did the personality and aptitude tests predict attraction? Not well at all.____19____ the researchers could see, only one thing ____20____ : how physically attractive the person was. The more attractive a woman, the more he liked her and wanted to date her again.1. A. list B. select C. rank D. arrange2.A. top B. middle C. bottom D. front3.A. to B. at C. in D. with4.A. look B. looks C. looking D. lookings5.A. deep B. thick C. shallow D. thin6.A. have to B. ought to C. must D. should7.A. as B. what C. which D that8.A. accepting B. admitting C. refusing D. denying9.A. indicate B. to indicate C. indicating D. indicated10. A. to B. on C. at D. in11. A. evaluated B. predicted C. contacted D. communicated12. A. what B. how C. why D. that13. A. believed B. suspected C. confi rmed D. argued14. A. to the contrary B. in addition C. in spite of that D. similarly15. A. at B. in C. with D. to16. A. recruited B. enrolled C. matched D. dated17. A. personality B. appearance C. achievements D. individuality18. A. interactively B. randomly C. precisely D. systematically19. A. As long as B. So much so that C. To the extent that D. So far as20. A. predicted B. mattered C. valued D. determined该Cloze来自1984年考研英语真题英译汉的一篇短文：Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays that we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the radio. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and traffic to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the character of every modern city. In the home, many labor-saving devices are powered by electricity. Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, trolley-buses, and trams take us to and from work. We rarely bother to consider why or how they run---until something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something did go wrong with the power-plant that provides New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came to a standstill. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, powerless to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that even if you were lucky enough not to be trapped between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down hundreds of flights of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in an instant became as gloomy anduninviting as the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anyone else. Meanwhile, similar disorder prevailed in the home. New York can be stifling in the summer and this year was no exception. Cool, air-conditioned apartments became furnaces. Food went bad in refrigerators. Cakes and joints of meat remained uncooked in cooling ovens. People sat impatient and frightened in the dark as if an unseen enemy had landed from Mars. One of the strange things that occurred during the power-cut was that some fifty blind people lead many sighted workers home. When the lights came on again, hardly a person in the city can have turned on a switch without reflecting how great a servant he had at his fingertips.PART III CLOZE31. [D] 句意为：电是日常生活的一部分，如今，我们已经习以为常，以至于开灯或开电视时很少仔细考虑电的问题。

职称英语考试历年来阅读理解题都占的比重较大，阅读理解题只要把文章看准了，翻译准确了都能拿到高分，在这里小编精挑了几篇阅读理解文章。

题目命中率极高哦，希望对大家考试有所帮助。

第一篇：Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle1 events — flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring — all around the world. But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest — birds, trees, flowers budding, etc. — and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat2, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it3 in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology4Network. “Phenology”is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program, called Project Bud Burst, collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States. People participating in the project —which is open to everyone —record their observations on the Project Bud Burst website.“People don't have to be plant experts — they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,” says Jennifer Schwartz, an education consultant with the project. “As we collect this data, we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities5 of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”词汇：frog / fr?g/ n.蛙ecologist / ,i:’k?l?d??st/ n.生态学家bud / b?d / v.发芽，萌芽;n.芽，花蕾database / ’de?t?be?s / n.数据库professional / pr?(?)’fe??n?l/ adj.专业的，职业的;n.职业选手，专业人员phenology / f?’n?l?d?? / n.物候学neighbor(u)rhood n.近邻;邻近地区注释：1.life cycle：生命周期，即生物发展过程的系列变化。

2015年职称英语考试《理工A》真题及答案(完整文字版) 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. controlB. observeC. regulateD. Accept【答案】D2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work.A. senseB. talentC. flavorD. Taste【答案】B3. Most people find rejection hard to accept.A. excuseB. clientC. refusalD. Destiny【答案】C4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleasedB. powerfulC. braveD. Sensible【答案】C5. They were locked in mortal combat.A. deadlyB. openC. actualD. Active【答案】A6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amountB. supplyC. temptD. Sum【答案】C7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.A. clearB. necessaryC. specialD. Correct【答案】A8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.A. ServiceB. dangerC. disorderD. threat【答案】C9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.A. surviveB. lastC. dieD. Move【答案】C10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.A. fairB. full C .coexisting D. Public【答案】C11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.A. policyB. value C .equality D. Integration【答案】D12. A salesman’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.A. principalB. officialC. simpleD. Legal【答案】A13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situationA. silenceB. praise C .assure D. Complain【答案】B14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fearA. emotionalB. nervousC. terribleD. Continuous【答案】D15. The starving children were a pathetic sight.A. commonB. unexpectedC. unforgettableD. Pitiful【答案】D第2部分阅读判断Lackof Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on EarthScientistshave long speculated as to why animal species didn’t flourish sooner, oncesufficient oxygen covered the Earth’s surface.Animals began to prosper at theend of the Proterozoic period, about 800 million years ago — but what about thebillion-year stretch before that, when most researchers think there also wasplenty of oxygen?Well,it seems the air wasn’t so great then, after all.Ina study published Oct. 31 in Science, Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and hiscolleagues found that oxygen levels during the ‚boring billion‛ period wereonly 0.1% of what they are today. In other words, Earth’s atmosphere couldn’thave supported a diversity of creatures, no matter what genetic advancementswere poised to occur.‚There is no questionthat genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise ofanimals, but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level ofoxygen,‛ said Planavsky, co-lead author of the research along with ChristopherReinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology. ‚We’re providing the firstevidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentiallyprevent the rise of animals.‛Thescientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancientsediments from China, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Chromium isfound in the Earth’s continental crust, and chromium oxidation is directlylinked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.Specifically,the team studied samples deposited in shallow,iron-rich ocean areas, near theshore. They compared their data with other samples taken from younger localesknown to have higher levels of oxygen.Oxygen’srole in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists.‚We were missing the right approach until now,‛Planavsky said. ‚Chromium gaveus the proxy.‛ Previous estimates put the oxygen level at 40% of today’sconditions during pre-animal times, leaving open the possibility that oxygenwas already plentiful enough to support animal life.Inthe new study, the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were ‚highlydynamic‛in the early atmosphere, with the potential for occasional spikes.However, they said, ‚It seems clear that there is a first-order difference inthe nature of Earth surface Cr cycling‛ before and after the rise of animals.‚If we are right, ourresults will really change how people view the origins of animals and othercomplex life, and their relationships to the co-evolving environment,‛ saidco-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside. ‚This could be agame changer.‛Fundingsources for the research included the NASA Exobiology Program and the NationalScience Foundation’s Earth-Life Transitions program, awarded to Planavsky,Reinhard, and Lyons.Theother members of the research team included Xiangli Wang, a postdoctoral fellowat Yale; Thomas Johnson, of the University of Illinois;Danielle Thomson, ofCarleton University; Peter McGoldrick, of the University of Tasmania; andWoodward Fischer, of the California Institute of Technology.16.The study discovered the rise of animals occurred earlier than the Proterozoicperiod.A.RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17.Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times.A. RightB. WrongC.Not mentioned18. The teamwas funded by several research institutes.A.RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Geneticadvancements triggered the rise of animals.A.RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Thesamples studied in the research were collected in ocean areas.A. RightB. WrongC.Not mentioned21. Thestudy revealed that chromium found in Earth’s continental crust remained stablebefore and after the rise of animals.A.RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. TimLyons liked to play computer games in his spare time.A.RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分概括大意与完成句子FirstImage-recognition Software1.Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial 1 ,software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far gre jthan ever before.2.The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to , Ishows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm (运算法则)or ,ma9e I recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough toimprove large seaie , document searches online. The system uses pixel (像素)data in images and potentia y video — rather than just text — to locatedocuments. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase bystudying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledgegleaned (收集) from those results can then beapplied to other photos without tags or captions making for more accuratedocument search results.3."Over the last 30 years," says Associate Professor Lorenzo Torresani,a co-author of the study, "the Web has evolved from a small collection ofmostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia dataset,where nearly every page includes multiple pictures or videos. When a personlooks at a Web page, he immediately gets the gist (主旨)of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, allexisting popularsearch engines, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained inthe photos and use exclusively the text of Web pages to perform the documentretrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systemsare accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the informationcontained in image pixels to improve document search."4.The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system — a type ofartificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitlyprogrammed —that extracts semantic (语义的) information from thepixels of photos in Web pages. This information is used to enrich thedescription of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. Theresearchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries (查询)on a database of 50 million Web pages. They selected the text-retheval searchengine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additionalsemantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Webpages. They found that this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision overthe original search engine purely based on text.23. Paragraph 1 __B__24. Paragraph 2 __C__25. Paragraph 3 __E__26. Paragraph 4 __D__A.Popularity of the new systemB.Publication of the new discoveryC.Function of the new systemD.Artificial intelligence software createdE.Problems of the existing search enginesF.Improvement in document retrieval27. The new system does documentretrieval by __C__.28. The new system is expected toimprove precision in __B__.29. When performing documentretrieval the existing search engines ignore __A__30. The new system was found moreeffective in document search than the __E__rmation in imagesB.current popular search enginesing photosD.machine vision systemsE.document searchF.description of the HTML page第4部分阅读理解Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat,More LightSolar photovoltaic thermal energy systems,or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn’ta very efficient way to gather heat.That’s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it’s also a space problem: photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, anassociate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada.Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon,they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately, thin-film silicon solar cellsare vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.‚That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light — pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,‛ Pearce explains,which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film siliconin a new type of PVT. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector,they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they boosted the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.31. PVTs are not efficient inA. creating electricity.B. cooling silicon solar cells.C. generating heat.D. powering solar thermal collectors.32. One of the problems PVTs have is thatA. their thermala pplications are costly.B. they are too expensive to afford.C. it is hard to fix them on the roof.D. they occupy too much space.33. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of thin-film silicon solar cells?A. They are flexible.B. They are less expensive.C. They are electrically efficient.D. They are environment friendly.34. Thin-film solar panels do not sell well on market becauseA. they do not work well if exposed to light.B. their advantages are not well-recognized.C. they need improving in appearance.D. they are not advertised.35 Which of the following statements is true?A. New techniques have been developed to produce thin-film silicon.B Thin-film silicon works efficiently at low temperature.C Thin-film silicon's electrical efficiency improves when heated up.D Anew material enlarging the Staebler-WronsKi effect has been created.译文：第十三篇更有效的太阳能系统：更多热量，更强灯光太阳能光伏热能系统，也叫PVT，能够生成热量和电能。