2007年天津大学非英语专业研究生英语期末考试(真题)

2007级本科大学英语第三学期期末考试试题(A)闭卷适用专业年级：2007级各专业学生姓名学号专业班级本试题一共五道大题，共14 页，满分100 分。

考试时间120 分钟。

注：2．试卷若有雷同以零分计。

答题须知1. 耳机开关用FM收听。

考试前试音期播放内容是四川农大考场指令。

2. 客观题答案用铅笔做在机读卡上，其他方式答题一律无效。

3. 机读卡上“试卷类型”涂A，“准考证号”前8栏填涂学生学号（最后两栏空白），“科目”栏涂03。

4. 作文用钢笔或圆珠笔做在试卷二上。

5．考试结束时，只交试卷二和机读卡，不交试题册Part ⅠListening Comprehension(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)Part ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, one will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A). At a doctor’s. B). At a store.C). At a library. D). At a bank.2. A). He wants to eat immediately.B). He wants to know when the game will be over.C). He’s worried about what time it is.D). He’s afraid he’s dying.3. A). She hasn’t gone traveling for weeks.B). She likes to take long trips.C). She prefers not to go traveling on weekends.D). She takes a long time to plan her trips.4. A). He wants to wash his hands first. B). He wants to be helped.C). He said he was busy. D). He has something wrong with his hands.5. A). At a library. B). At Bill’s home.C). At the office. D). In the hospital.6. A). Two hours. B). Less than an hour.C). Thirty minutes. D). More than an hour.7. A). He doesn’t care for her. B). She is very stubborn.C). Jane doesn’t mean well. D). She is not polite.8. A). A paper for her history class.B). Her chemistry laboratory assignments.C). Her English examination.D). Her French examination.9. A). In New York. B). In Boston.C). In Michigan. D). In Washington.10. A). Teacher-Student. B). Lawyer-Client.C). Husband-Wife. D). Doctor-Patient.Part BDirections: In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage IQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following conversation.11. A). Jane. B). Jane’s aunt.C). Jane’s sister. D). Jane’s brother.12. A). At Jane’s house. B). At Jane’s aunt’s house.C). At Jane’s sister’s house. D). At Jane’s brother’s house.13. A). She typed a paper. B). She visited her aunt.C). She went to bed. D). She tried to study history.14. A). She was worried about the birthday party.B). She finds this history course very challenging.C). She thought her term paper might be late.D). She has a very hard time.15. A). Plan a birthday party. B). Sleep during the day.C). Type his own term papers. D). Work well under pressure.Passage IIQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.16. A). When he was five. B). When he was seventeen.C). In 1918. D). When he was seven.17. A). After he had joined a group of travelling actors in Britain.B). After he had been in the United States for less than a year.C). In 1940 when he used sound in his films for the first time.D). When a Hollywood film company gave him a job.18. A). “The tramp” entertained millions of people in the 1930’s.B). The plots of his films overcame cultural differences.C). His humor overcame language barriers.D). “The tramp” appealed to audiences.19. A). He traveled to American and stayed there.B). He became a film star and moved to America.C). He was born in the United States.D). He was given a job by a Hollywood’s film company.20. A). A person who travels here and there.B). A person who is poor.C). A person who is in need of help.D). A person who is humorous.Part II Reading Comprehension(共25小题；每小题1分，满分25分) Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:What are some of the differences between love and infatuation? Genuine love is more likely to involve a process of “growing” in love rather than “falling” in love. This may sound terribly romantic to some who are used to hearing talk about “falling in love” or being “head over heels in love”. This “falling” is often “infatuation”, and the sheer emotion of “falling” in love often blinds a person to the imperfections of the loved one. We tend to think of the loved one as “perfect,”“ideal,” or some other diving image. Real love sees the total person both the perfection and the imperfection. Infatuation, then is a sudden emotional sense that one has discovered in the “perfect” lover. On the other hand, love realizes imperfections and grows with the acceptance of those imperfections.Love leads a person to a feeling of security and trust in the loved one. It usually involves a feeling of mutual benefit arising from the new relationship. “We are able to solve our problems together” is the feeling of love, rather than “Please love me because I need you.”任课教师：王蓓等系主任签字：2007级本科大学英语第三学期期末考试试卷共14页第3页Infatuation often entails feelings of insecurity wherever the “lovers” are separated; feelings of doubt, uncertainty, and fear of loss often accompany infatuation. “What will I do if I lose him?” and “ I wonder if she really means it when she says she loves me?” express the feelings of infatuation. In such a setting, a lasting love does not have a chance to develop.Infatuation tends to be more manipulative than love because a lasting feeling of relationship probably had not developed, so that the individuals are still concerned mainly about their own needs and satisfactions. Conversely, in love, the feeling of relationship is genuine and sincere so that concern for the other person evolves naturally.Physical attraction is an important part of both infatuation and love, but the superficial attraction is less important in love, for the couple experiencing love usually will build their relationship on a broader basis than mere physical attraction.Although genuine love is an ideal toward which a couple strives, you do not have to be perfect to love. True love involves a measure of self-acceptance and self-respect and a degree of self-sufficiency in order that one may accept, respect, and trust another person, but it does not require unachievable levels of these qualities.21.According to the passage, real love means that _____A) one grows up in loveB) one sees his lover as perfect or idealC) one sees his lover’s merits and shortcomingsD) the lovers fall in love with each other22. According to the passage, love offers people a feeling of security because ____A) the lovers trust in and benefit from each otherB) love is usually concerned with a feeling of mutual benefitC) the lovers realize their own perfections by a feeling of insecurityD) love can overcome the feeling of security23. Which of the following is NOT true?A) Infatuation is usually accompanied by a feeling of insecurity.B) In infatuation, the feeling of relationship is intense and lasting.C) Physical attraction is equally important in love and infatuation.D) In infatuation, the individuals are mainly concerned about their own needs.24. Which of the following is NOT an element of true love?A) Self- acceptance B) Self- respectC) Physical attraction D) Fear of loss25. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A) The differences between love and infatuation.B) The importance of true love.C) The perfection and imperfection of love.D) Genuine love as an ideal.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Public colleges and universities in the U.S., subsidized directly by state government, are capturing an expanding share of enrollment. At the beginning of the century, more than 80% of students were enrolled in private colleges and universities. By the middle of the century, the figure had fallen to about 50%.From the 1960s on, this trend has accelerated. By 1990, the composition had reversed itself from the beginning of the century, with four out of five students enrolled in public universities. During the three decades from 1965 to 1995, the public sector absorbed more than 86% of the higher education enrollment increase.The evidence is strong that the state government policy to create a system of state-run colleges and universities that drastically underprices private institutions of higher education has resulted in a threat to the independent higher education system. This unquestioned march away from private higher education to government control is inefficient and harmful to a civilized society.Private colleges and universities provide an educational experience quite different from state-run institutions. Private colleges are much smaller, with an average enrollment of around 1,500. The average enrollment for public colleges and universities is more than four times greater, approaching 7,000. Of the 120 largest institutions of higher education in terms of enrollment, all but eight are public. Eighty-five percent of colleges that enroll less than 1,000 students are private.Students at private colleges and universities are more likely to interact with faculty and more satisfied with classroom instruction. They complete their degrees at a much higher rate than their counterparts at state-run institutions. Private institutions grant more doctorate and first professional degrees than state institutions, despite their much smaller enrollment.Aside from offering a different type of learning environment, a system of private colleges and universities is much more efficient than a government-run and –planned system. State governments have created a situation where a vast majority of students attend a college for a price that is far below the true cost of providing their education, and the educational service is not controlled very well by those who own the institution.26. According to the passage, which of the following is responsible for the decreasing enrollmentin private colleges and universities?A) Public colleges and universities grant more courses.B) Public colleges and universities are much larger than private colleges and universities.C) The government does not finance private institutions of higher education.D) Public colleges and universities financially supported by state governments charge muchless than private colleges and universities.27. What is the author’s attitude toward the government’s policy to subsidize public universities?任课教师：王蓓等系主任签字：2007级本科大学英语第三学期期末考试试卷共14页第5页A) Positive. B) Indifferent. C) Critical D) Neutral28. How many more students does a public university enroll than a private one on an average?A) 1,500. B) 7,000. C) 6,000. D) 5,500.29. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A) Students and teachers at private universities communicate more often than those at publicones.B) Classroom teaching at private universities is better than at public ones.C) Because of smaller enrollment, private universities offer fewer courses than public ones.D) The tuition of public universities is below the cost of providing their education.30. The passage is mainly organized by _____.A) introducing the decreasing enrollment of private universities and enlisting the advantagesof private universities to criticize the government’s policyB) introducing a phenomenon and analyzing its reasonsC) comparing and contrasting two different conceptsD) presenting a general idea and giving specific examplesPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:It is estimated that nine out of ten smokers would like to give up their habit if there were an easy way, and that more than 30 million Americans have tried to do so at least once. Until now, they’ve had little help from the medical profession, even though more U.S. doctors have stopped smoking than has any other group, and their organizations have condemned the practice.Doctors could have a powerful influence on their patients who smoke if they took the trouble to give brief advice and help on a routine basis, says Dr. Michael A.H. Russell, head of the addiction research unit of London’s Maudsley Hospital, and a leading authority on nicotine addiction. In an experiment, Russell showed that when doctors took just a minute or two to talk to their patients about their smoking habit and gave them a leaflet to read, the doctors could persuade 4.1 percent to give up cigarettes. Those patients who were also given nicotine did more than twice as well.If this experience holds true here, doctors might help nearly 5 million American smokers kick their habit each year. Since, according to the Royal College of Physicians, “between 2.5 and 4 out of every 10 are smoking,”this might save the lives of as many as 2 million American smokers.Of course, not all patients are candidates for nicotine gum. It is not recommended for some heart patients, some peptic-ulcer(胃溃疡) sufferers or women who are or may become pregnant.A doctor should decide whether to give it to a nursing mother, since nicotine will enter her milk. It has not been evaluated in children or adolescents who smoke.The FDA advises patients not to use Nicorette for more than three months. Actually, anumber of experiments show that the gum is most effective if used for 16 weeks. People who stop smoking with the gum and then stop the gum too soon are more likely to relapse(旧病复发) .31. According to the passage, most smokers would not quit smoking because _____.A) they found it difficult to quit smokingB) they got no help from the hospitalC) their organizations condemn their quitting smokingD) there were no organizations that would help them32. According to Dr. Michael A.H. Russell, ______ could help the smokers quit.A) relatives B) organizations for quitting smokingC) doctors D) drugs33. Which of the following are advised to use nicotine gum?A) Heart patients. B) Nursing mothers.C) Pregnant women. D) Healthy smokers.34. Which of the following is the FDA’s advice to patients?A) Not to use Nicorette for more than twelve weeks.B) No more than 30 pieces should be chewed in one day.C) To quit smoking graduallyD) to cut down on smoking entirely35. What’s the author’s purpose to write this article?A) To entertain B) To persuadeC) To inform D) To arguePassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:The word “recreation”brings to mind activities that are relaxing and enjoyable. Such activities as an evening talk around the neighborhood, a Sunday picnic with the family, and playing catch in the yard with the children seem relatively spontaneous and relaxing.Much American recreational activities, however, seems to foreign visitors to be approached with a high degree of seriousness, planning, organization, and expense. Spontaneity and the fund are absent, as far as the visitors can tell. “These crazy Americans!” a south American exclaimed on seeing yet another jogger go past her house in sub-freezing winter weather. Many Americans jog every day, or play tennis, handball, racquetball, or bridge two three times a week, or bowl every Thursday night, or have some other regularly scheduled recreation. They go on vacations, ski trips, and hunting or fishing expeditions that require weeks of planning and organizing. In the Americans’view, all these activities are generally funny and relaxing, or are worth the discomfort they may cause because they contribute to health and physical fitness.任课教师：王蓓等系主任签字：2007级本科大学英语第三学期期末考试试卷共14页第7页Much American recreation is highly organized. There are classes, clubs, leagues, newsletters, contests, exhibitions and conventions centered on hundreds of different recreational activities. People interested in astronomy, bird watching, cooking, dancing, ecology, fencing, gardening, and hiking – and on and on – can find a group of like-minded people with whom to meet, learn, and practice or perform.In American recreation is a big business. Many common recreational activities require supplies and equipment that can be quite costly. Recreational vehicles (used for travelling and usually including provisions for sleeping, cooking, and bathing) can cost as much as 35,000 dollars. In 1984 Americans owned approximately 3,982,000 recreational vehicles, valued at about 7,733 million dollars. Jogging shoes, hiking boots, fishing and camping supplies, cameras, telescopes, gourmet cookware, and bowling ball are not low cost items. Beyond equipment, there is clothing. The fashion industry has successfully persuaded many Americans that they must be properly dressed for jogging, playing tennis, skiing, swimming, and so on. Fashionable outfits for these and other recreational activities can be surprisingly expensive.36. According to the passage, what’s Americans’ attitude towards recreation?A) Absent-minded B) Serious C) Critical D) Skeptical37. How often do Americans bowl?A) Every day B) Twice a week.C) Three times a week. D) Once a week.38. Americans take to skiing and hunting in spite of discomfort because _______A) they are highly organized B) they are adventurous and exciting activitiesC) they are instructive and funny D) they are beneficial to their health39. All of the following are true of American recreation EXCEPT _______.A) Americans spend a lot of money on recreational vehicles and outfitsB) Most Americans approach recreation with a high degree of spontaneityC) Americans play bridge at least eight times a monthD) Americans take to recreational activities not only for fun but also for physical fitness40. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.A) foreign visitors are interested in the way Americans approach recreationB) foreign visitors are quite surprised about the way Americans approach recreationC) foreign visitors are crazy about the way Americans approach recreationD) Americans take to recreation because they can make a profit from itPassage FiveQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:A is for always getting to work on time.B is for being extremely busy.C is for the conscientious ( 勤勤恳恳的) way you do your job.You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead,experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn't ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics—a better job, a raise, praise—many people are still unable—or unwilling—to "play the game.""People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的) behavior," says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. "But politics derives from the word 'polite'. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return."In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one's own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well."The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis," says Neil P. Lewis, a management psychologist. "But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It's simple human nature."Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery(奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.41. "Office politics" (Line 2, Para. 4) is used in the passage to refer to ._____.A) the code of behavior for company staffB) the political views and beliefs of office workersC) the interpersonal relationships within a companyD) the various qualities required for a successful career42. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but .____.A) give his boss a good impressionB) honest and loyal to his companyC) get along well with his colleaguesD) avoid being too outstanding43. Why are many people unwilling to "play the game" (Line 4, Para. 5)?A) They believe that doing so is impractical.B) They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.C) They are not good at manipulating colleagues.D) They think the effort will get them nowhere.44. The author considers office politics to be .______任课教师：王蓓等系主任签字：2007级本科大学英语第三学期期末考试试卷共14页第9页A) unwelcome at the workplaceB) bad for interpersonal relationshipsC) indispensable to the development of company cultureD) an important factor for personal advancement45. It is the author's view that______.A) speaking up for oneself is part of human natureB) self-promotion does not necessarily mean flatteryC) hard work contributes very little to one's promotionD) many employees fail to recognize the need of flatteryPart III Vocabulary (共25小题；每小题1分，满分25分)Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.46. I’m sorry you’re in trouble, but as you made your decision on your own you’ll just have toface the ________.A) result B) outcome C) consequence D) influence47. Do you think that making music and art ____ subjects in schools would reduce somechildren’s enjoyment of them?A) constrained B) compulsory C) cardinal D) conventional48.According to Chinese law, every child is ___ to nine years of free education.A) qualified B) allowed C) adapted D) entitled49. The winners of the contest were chosen ____; no consideration was given to age, gender orincome.A) properly B) randomly C) basically D) essentially50. In a healthy relationship, the partners’ strengths and abilities ______ each other, rather thanbeing identicalA) compliment B) complement C) demonstrate D) intensify51. All the year that have passed have not _____ my memory of our first glorious autumn inBeijing.A) blackened B) ambiguous C) dimmed D) indefinite52.Despite widespread public _____ of the worsening air quality in these areas, little has beendone to control air pollution.A) acknowledgement B) receipt C) recognition D) realization53. These educational toys give children a feeling of self-worth by ____ their interest inchallenging tasks.A) raising B) arousing C)arising D) rising54. I don’t know what ____ Alfred to read your letter. Probably he thought it was addressed tohim.A) induce B) deduce C) reduce D) attract55. I talked to Alice last week -- ______, has she returned the kook you lent her? I’d like toborrow it, if you don’t mind.A) In this way B) Incidentally C) Occasionally D) Inevitably56. When you take a small child on a long trip, you need to bring lots of books and toys to keephim or her ____.A) amazed B) satisfying C) amused D) amusing57. Most visitors to Shanghai find it a very _____ city.A) impressive B) impersonal C) exciting D) confusing58. It would take years for the pain over her divorce to _____ away.A) disappeared B) vanished C) faded D) diminished59. The soldiers vowed to get ____ for their captain’s death.A) revive B) revenge C) retort D) remedy60. When he failed the entrance exam, his ____ drove him to consider suicide.A) despairing B) despair C) despaired D) despise61. Many women are left as the ____ provider in families after their husbands have died.A) prime B) senior C) supreme D) sole62. Milk baths are a very effective way to ____ the pain of minor burns or insect bites.A) soothe B) smooth C) defy D) comfort63. You shouldn’t get ____ just because you don’t succeed the first time you try something new.A) dismissed B) committed C) deprived D) discouraged64. When his health failed and he had to close his business, it ___ all his hopes for his family’sfuture.A) shattered B) defeated C) broke D) destroyed65. Sorry, but I couldn’t help ___ your conversation. If you’re lost, perhaps I can help you.A) overhear B) listening to C) overhearing D) listening66. The man was wealthy, handsome and powerful; why he insisted on destroying his lifethrough gambling ____ all comprehension.A) denied B)delayed C) defied D) against67. The new poetry collection was ____ from a wide variety of sources and includes poems fromtwelve countries and seven centuries.A) compiled B) conformed C) competed D) confined68. To avoid ____, you’d better start by explaining the whole idea from beginning to end in anorderly way.A) confuse B)confusion C) confused D) confusing69. Bob’s one of those people who ____ risk and danger – he’d be bored in safe, steady job.A) relish from B) relieve C) recover D) relish任课教师：王蓓等系主任签字：2007级本科大学英语第三学期期末考试试卷共14页第11页70. Many educators would be delighted to abolish exams, but they also worry that without themthere would be too little ____ for students to work hard.A) incentive B) inspiration C) imagination D) instructionPart IV Cloze (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.One of the most striking things about Americans is that they seem to expect everyone to like them wherever they go. Americans aren’t of course the only people in the world who take __71__ that their cultural standards are generally admired – monoculturalism is typical of every society in the world. But it isn’t __72__ that Americans seem to expect – they seem to expect __73__. This phenomenon, which the rest of the world finds both amusing and __74__, may be at least partly __75__ to the American definition of friendliness .To Americans, friendliness means __76__ informal and cheerful and open to other people, even before you know them __77__ to be sure you like them. And it’s important to note that although real friendship may certainly arise __78__ acting friendly in this way, Americans do not mistake acting friendly __79__ being friends. This can, of course, cause confusion. When Americans meet people from more reserved cultures. But if you consider __80__ American history, it’s easier to see where this pattern of behavior comes from. In the pioneer days, if you acted too reserved and formal, no one __81__ any reason to help you if you got in trouble ( __82__ there was plenty of in the pioneer days). Having a wide circle of friendly acquaintances was a key __ 83__ survival, so “friendliness”became a glorified pattern of behavior that every generation of Americans is trained to __84__ in a high degree. They’re so good at being friendly – and it works at home –that Americans’ __85__ is that will work everywhere.71. A) advantage B) grant C) it as advantage D) it for grant72. A) admiration B) admiring C) to be admired D) you to admired73. A) being liked B) to be alike C) to be liked D) you like74. A) being frustrated B) frustrate C) frustrated D) frustrating75. A) because B) caused C) due D) owed76. A) be B) being C) having been D) to be77. A) as well B) enough well C) enough D) well enough78. A) from B) in C) of D) 079. A) as B) in C) to D) for80. A) about B) at C) of D) 081. A) would give B) would have C) would have had D) would’ve82. A) and B) that C) which D) 083. A) for B) of C) to D) 0。

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. while listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but yon will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over, yon will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.题1 - 10[原文]Good morning, today's lecture, is the very first of a series of lectures on art history, so I'd like to spend some time discussing with you the following topic: Why do we need to study art history? And what can we learn from it?First of all, I'd say, if you study art history, this might be a good way to learn more about a culture, than it's possible to learn in general history classes. You know, most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics and war, but art history focuses on much more than this. Because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also their religious beliefs, emotions etc. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors can be provided by art, like what people did for a living, what kind of dress they wore, what ceremonies they held etc. In short, art can express the essential qualities of a time and a place, and the study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books and enables us to learn more things about human society and civilization.The second point I'd like to make is about the type of information. In history books, information is objective, that is facts about political economic life of a country are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective. It reflects personal emotions and opinions. For example, Francisco Goya was a great Spanish painter and also perhaps the first truly political artist. In his famous painting, The Third of May 1808, he showed soldiers shooting a group of simple people. His description of soldiers and their victims has become a symbol of the enormous power or the misuse of this power that the government can have over its people. Over 100 years later, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Mexican artists depicted their deep anger and sadness about social problems. In summary, through art you can find a personal and emotional view of history.Thirdly, art can reflect a culture's religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that showed people and stories from the Bible. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is), its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that these images are unholy. Thus, on palaces, mosques and other buildings, Islamic artists have created unique decoration of great beauty with images of flowers of geometric forms, for example, circles, squares and triangles. The same is true of other places, like Africa and Pacific Islands. Art also reflects the religious beliefs of traditional cultures in these places. As a matter of fact, religion is the purpose for this art and it's, therefore, absolutely essential to it. Traditional art in Africa and Pacific Islands is different from Christian art. Christian art influences people's religious feelings towards God. But the goal of traditional art in Africa and Pacific Islands is the influence of spiritual powers, that is gods to enter people's lives. Each tribe or village there had special ceremonies with songs and dances to make sure that crops, animals and people are healthy and increasing in number. The dancers in the ceremonies wear masks, head dresses and costumes that they believe are necessary to influence gods. SO these masks, head dresses themselves, are revelry part of the art.As we said, art depends on culture, different forms of art result from different cultures. Similarly, the way that people view art also depends on their cultural background. This is my fourth point. For most Europeans and Americans, art is mainly for decoration. It is something on a museum wall or in a glass case. It makes their homes more attractive. People look at it and admire it: "Oh, what a beautiful painting!" Besides, ideas are expressed in this art. This is a wonderful statue, and admiring it, 1 might say: "It makes such a strong antiwar statement." Butin other places, art is not considered to be separated from everyday existence. It has a function, it has a practical role to play in people's lives. A person in a tribal society might look at a mask and say: "Oh, this is a good mask. It would keep my house safe." In brief, the way in which people enjoy or appreciate art depends on their culture.To conclude my lecture, we can say that art is a reflection of various cultures. But at the same time, we have to remember that art also reflects the changes in society that take place when different cultures influence one another. As people from tribal societies move to urban areas, their values and beliefs change accordingly and their traditional art forms begin to lose their function. At the same time, urban artists begin to learn a lot from traditional art. For example, African masks and figures had a great influence on Picasso's works. And many American and Canadian artists study the simplicity of Japanese painting. The result is that as the world gets smaller, the art of each culture becomes more international.OK, this brings us to the end of our lecture. I hope that after today's lecture, you'll understand better the significance of the study of art history. Art enables us to know more about human history, for example, people's views and opinions about certain historical events, and what's more important, about different cultures, their religious beliefs, perception of art etc.What Can We Learn from Art?Ⅰ.IntroductionA. Differences between general history and art history--Focus :--general history: (1)--art history: political values, emotions, everyday life, etc.B. Significance of studyMore information and better understanding of human society and civilization.Ⅱ.Types of informationA. Information in hi story book is (2)--facts, but no opinionsB. Information in art history is subjective-- (3) and opinionse.g.--Spanish painters' works: misuse of governmental power--Mexican artists' works: attitudes towards social problemsⅢ.Art as a reflection of religious beliefsA. Europe: (4) in pictures in churchesB. Middle East: pictures of flowers and patterns in mosques, palacesReason: human and (5) are not seen as holyC. Africa and the Pacific Islands: Masks, headdresses and costumes in specialceremoniesPurpose: to seek the help of (6) to protect crops, animals and peopleⅣ. Perceptions of ArtHow people see art is related to their cultural backgroundA. Europeans and Americans-- (7)--expression of ideasB. People in other places--part of everyday life-- (8) useⅤ. Art as a reflection of social changesA. Cause of changes: (9) of different culturesB. Changes--tribal people: effects of (10) on art forms--European artists: influence of African traditional art in their works--American and Canadian artists: study of Japanese painting1.economics and war2.objective3.personal emotions4.the Bible5.animal images6.the God7.decoration8.practical9. influence; interaction 10.urbanizationSECTION BIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.题11 - 15[原文]W: Nigel Linge is editor of Business Travel Weekly. Nigel, thanks for being on the show. Now, what kind of problems do airline passengers face nowadays?M: Well, most of the problems are caused by the heavy volume of traffic. You know, all airports have a limit to the number of take-offs and landings they can handle.W: So what seems to be the problem?M: All flights from a busy airport arrive and leave at more or less the same time. If 60 aircraft are scheduled to take off between 5 p.m. and 5:15, and the airport can only handle 120 an hour, that means some will always be late landing or taking-off. And if the weather is bad, oh, you can imagine what the situation is like. So passengers have to be loaded into each plane, and then the planes have to line up to take off.W: So waiting at the lounge or on the plane is quite common.M: Certainly. And another problem that's very common is over-booking. Quite often you hear an announcement on the airport loudspeakers: "We have over sold on this flight and would like volunteers to go on the next flight out. " If you decide to volunteer, you may get a cash bribe or free-trip voucher, but make sure you get a guaranteed seat on the next flight and a free phone call to whoever is meeting you on the other end. And worse still, you arrive with confirmed reservation and you discover you've been bumped off the flight.W: Presumably, if you choose to travel at off-peak times, there are few problems.M: Well, there are no off-peak times, All flights seem to be full except Saturday. I don't quite understand why this is so. You know, if there is a public holiday, things are likely to be especially busy. The special fare systems on the airline's computers encourage more people to fly on less popular flights and this means that as a result all flights are equally full.W: So, what advice would you give to business travelers?M: rd say "Avoid big airports if you can". The reason is there are too many flights there. Then, remember not to check your baggage if you can help it. Another thing is "Be prepared for delays". Take something to eat and drink in your hand luggage.W: Nigel, what kind of mistakes do inexperienced travelers make?M: The first mistake business travelers make is to take far too much luggage. Remember, take only carry-on luggage, because at most airports, you can get away with two small bags.W: Oh, I see.M: Another mistake people make is to think that you have to pay full price for air tickets. You should find out about the different ticket options. For example, an RTW fare can save up to 40% on normal fare.W: Excuse me, what is RTW?M: Round the World. For example, if you're going to Australia from the USA, you could go out via Singapore,and come back via North America. And another way to save money is to see if the ticket to a destination beyond it's cheaper. For example, a ticket from Amsterdam from London to New York may be cheaper than one straight from London to New York.W: Oh, that's very useful information.M: And another mistake is to go away for too long. Most people's efficiency and energy start to fall off after two weeks away. So my advice is "Keep your trip short", only go for two weeks and never for a longer than three. Another point is "Don't expect everything to go according to plan". You need to learn to expect the unexpected. There may be a typhoon in summer or your taxi may break down on the way to the airport. In other words, don't be optimistic about plans and don't schedule important meetings too closely together. You need to allow time for delays and break-downs.W: Yeah, this is something travelers have to remember when they plan their trips.M: And another thing, get to know a good travel agent and make sure he gives you the best possible service. Take discounts for example, a good travel agent can get first-class ticket for the price of business-class. This is because he does enough volume of business and he can get discounts with airlines on his own behalf. He should pass them on to you. So make sure he indeed does.W: I think the worst part of a trip is having to travel overnight or being stuck for a weekend in some dreadful place. Are there any ways avoiding that?M: Yes. We can break or stop over in a more relaxing or lively place. It's often available at special cheap weekend rate. Various airlines and hotel chains offer these. And it's always more pleasant to stay a night in a hotel than on a plane even if you travel business-class.W: Yes. OK, thank you, Nigel, for all the useful information and advice.M: Pleasure!11.According to Nigel, most problems of air travel are caused by ________.[A] Unfavorable weather conditions. [B] Airports handling capacity. [C] Inadequate ticketing service. [D] Overbooking.[参考答案] B12.which of the following is not mentioned as compensation for volunteers for the next fight out?[A] Free ticket. [B] Free phone call [C] Cash reward [D] Seat reservation[参考答案] C13.Why does Nigel suggest that business travelers avoid big airports?[A] Because all flights in and out of there are full. [B] Because the volume of traffic is heavy. [C] Because there are more popular flights. [D] Because there are more delays and cancellations.[参考答案] B14.According to Nigel, inexperience travelers are likely to make the following mistakes except ________.[A] Booking on less popular flights. [B] buying tickets at full price. [C] carrying excessive luggage. [D] planning long business trips.[参考答案] D15.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?[A] The possibility of discounts depends on a travel agent's volume of business. [B] Longer flights to the same destination maybe cheaper. [C] It is advisable to plan every detail of a trip in advance. [D] Arranging for stopovers can avoid overnight travel.[参考答案] CSECTION CIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.题16[原文]The death toll rose to 74 on Tuesday in Japan's deadliest rail crash in decades as crews pulled more victims from the wreckage. Investigators focused on whether excessive speed or the driver's inexperience had caused the train to derail and slam into an apartment building. The 7-car commuter train carrying 580 passengers left the rails Monday morning in Amagasaki, a suburb of Osaka, about 250 miles west of Tokyo, it injured more than 440 people.16.what happened on Monday?[A] A train crash occurred causing minor injuries. [B] Investigator found out the cause of the accident. [C] Crews rescued more passengers from the site. [D] A commuter train crashed into a building.[参考答案] D[原文]20 of the world's top economies promised to help Iraq lower its debt and to help restart global trade talks after a 2-day meeting in Mexico on Monday. Officials from the group of 20, G20 Nations, also discussed the possibility of sanctioning countries that refused to cooperate in the fight against terrorism. Possible sanctions were not outlined at the meeting. In a declaration released at the end of the meeting, ministers called on World Trade Organization, WTO members, to restart the trade talks that collapsed in Kankoon last month. Nations must quickly reenergize the negotiation process, recognizing that flexibility and political will from all are urgently needed, it said. G20 ministers also talked about the possibility of creating a V oluntary Code of Conduct to govern negotiations between creditors and countries on the verge of defaulting on debt. The code would outline the steps that should be taken to prevent a financial crisis. Created in 1999 to avoid financial disasters and to keep the global economy stable, the G20 is made up of the European Union and 19 other countries including Australia, Brazil, China, Japan and the US.17.Which of the following was not on the agenda of the G20 meeting?[A] Iraq debts [B] WTO talks [C] Financial disasters [D] Possible sanctions[参考答案] C18.The G20 is a(n)________ organization.[A] International [B] European [C] Regional [D] Asian[参考答案] A题19 - 20[原文]The United Nations celebrated the 60th anniversary of its Charter on Monday, the speakers addressing the UN General Assembly. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan said the UN had both successes and failures in carrying out the pledges in the Charter. The UN Charter is the constitution of the organization. It was signed in San Francisco on June 26th, 1945 by the 50 original member countries. It took effect on October 24th, 1945 after being improved by the 5 founding members: China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States and the majority of the other countries that signed the Charter. The Charter is a constitution on trading or countries that signed it are bound by its articles. It states that the Charter comes first above all other treaties. Its main purposes include the prevention of new conflict, building peace and protecting human rights and social progress. The most important chapters are these dealing with enforcement powers of UN bodies. They describe, for example, the Security Council's power to investigate and mediate disputes. They also describe its power to authorize economic, diplomatic and military sanctions as well as the use of military force to resolve disputes. The UN, late last year, revealed a proposal to overhaul the organization, including the Security Council. This could be the most comprehensive UN reform since its foundation。

C．Not a bitD．It depends3．I wanted to catch _____early train, but couldn’t get _____ride to the station.A．an；theB．/；theC．an；/D．the；a4．_____fire, all exits must be kept clear.A．In place ofB．Instead ofC．In case ofD．In spite of5．Hardly could he_____ this amount of work in such a short time.A．get throughB．get offC．get intoD．get down6．The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ____ in the natural light during the day.A．to letB．lettingC．letD．having let7．Lucy has ____ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.A．acquiredB．finishedC．concludedD．achieved8．It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____we’ve actually had that lesson.A．untilB．afterC．sinceD．when9．A new _____bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago.A．normalB．usualC．regularD．common10．－I apologize for not being able to join you for dinner.－____.We’ll get together later.A．Go aheadB．Not to worryC．That’s rightD．Don’t mention it11．Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _____sight matters more than hearing.A．whenB．whoseC．whichD．where12．One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living_____.A．billsB．expensesC．pricesD．charges13．If Newton lived today, he would be surprise by what ____ in science and technology.A．had discoveredB．had been discoveredC．has discoveredD．has been discovered14．The final score of the basketball match was 93-94.We were only ____beaten.A．nearlyB．slightlyC．narrowlyD．lightly15．The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ____ it is.their dogs’tails to make them look lovelies. The law also gives legal recognition to the “cat ladies”who feed homeless cats. The cats live all over the city from ancient ruins to modern office car parks.36．The new law passed in Rome will _____A．help improve fishing environmentB．guarantee better conditions for goldfishC．stop people from catching goldfishD．discourage keeping goldfish at home37．People in Rome believe that the civilization of a city can be judged by is_________.A．exehanges with other citiesB．protection for animal protectionC．awareness of animal protectionD．recognition of animal lovers38．The underlined word “compassion”in Paragraph 6 is the closest in meaning to ____ A．pityB．praiseC．supportD．popularity39．People may break the law in Turin if they _____A．keep their dogs or cats in carsB．feed homeless animals in car parksC．raise their cats near ancient ruinsD．shut their dogs home all day longBCharles Blackman: Alice in WonderlandAn Exhibition at the National Gallery of Victoria （NGV）, Australia10 June—12 August 2007Venue（地点）The Ian Potter CentreAdmission Free entryCharles Blackman is famous for his beautiful painting of dreams. In 1956, he heard for the firsttime Lewis Carroll’s extraordinary tale of Alice in Wonderland –the story of a Victorian girl who falls down a rabbit hole, meets a lot of funny characters and experience all kinds of things .At that time. Blackman’s wife was suffering form progressive blindness. The story of Alice moving through the strange situations, often disheartened by various events ,was similar to his wife’s experiences. It also reflector so much of his own life. All this contributed to the completion of the Alice in Wonderland paintings.Illustrator WorkshopGo straight to the experts for an introductory course in book illustration. The course includes an introduction to the process of illustration and its techniques, workshop exercise and group projects.Date Sunday 17 June &Sunday 5Aug.10am—1pmVenue Gas Works Arts ParkWonderful WorldCelebrate the exhibition and Children’s Book Week with special activities just for the day, including a special visit from Alice and the White RabbitDate Sunday 24 June, 11am—4pmVenue Exhibition Space, Level 3Topsy- TurvyVisit the exhibition or discover wonderful curiosities in artworks in the NGV Collection and make a magic world in a box. Alice and the White Rabbit will be with you. Walt Disney’s Alice in Wonderland will be screened.Dates　Sunday 8,15,22,29 July ,and Tuesday 24-Friday 27 July ,12noon—3pmVenue Theatre, NGV AustraliaDrawing WorkshopDistortions of scale （比例失真）can make artworks strange but interesting .Find out how Charles Blackman distorted scale in his paintings to create a curious world .then experiment with scale in your own drawings. More information upon booking.Date Friday 27 July, 10:30am-3pmVenue　Foyer, Level 340．Charles Blackman’s paintings come fromA．his admiration for Lewis CarrollB．his dream of becoming a famous artistC．his wish to express his own feelingsD．his eagerness to cure his wife’s illness41．Which two activities can you participate in on the same day?A．Illustrator Workshop and Wonderful WorldB．Illustrator Workshop and Drawing Workshop.C．Wonderful World and Topsy –Turvy.D．Topsy-Turvy and Drawing Workshop.42．To understand the Alice in Wonderland paintings, you should go toA．Exhibition Space. Level 3B．Gas Works Arts ParkC．Theatre, NGV AustraliaD．Foyer, Level 343．Activities concerning children’s books are to be heldA．on June 24,2007B．on July15, 2007C．on July 24,2007D．on August 5,2007CI recently turned fifty, which is young for a tree, midlife for an elephant ,and ancient for a sportsman, Fifty is a nice number for the states in the US or for a national speed limit but it is not a number that I was prepared to have hung on me. Fifty is supposed to be my father’s age, but now I am stuck with this number and everything it means.A few days ago, a friend tried to cheer me up by saying, “Fifty is what forty used to be.”He had made an inspirational point. Am I over the hill? People keep telling me that the hill has been moved, and I keep telling them that he high-jump bar has dropped from the six feet I once easily cleared to the four feet that is impossible for me now.“You’re not getting older, you are getting better.”says Dr. Joyce Brothers. This, however, is the kind of doctor who inspires a second opinion.And so, as I approach the day when I cannot even jump over the tennis net. I am moved to share some thoughts on aging with you. I am moved to show how aging feels to me physically and mentally. Getting older, of course, is obviously a better change than the one that brings you eulogies（悼词）.In fact ,a poet named Robert Browning considered it the best change of all : Grow old along with me!The best is yet to me.Whether or not Browning was right, most of my first fifty years have been golden ones, so I will settle for what is ahead being as good as what has gone by. I find myself moving toward what is ahead with a curious blend （混合）of both fighting and accepting my aging, hoping that the philosopher（哲学家）was right when he said .”Old is always fifteen years from now.”experience meditated for 20 minutes a day over the same perioD．Both groups were then given the tests with two numbers in a group of letters. As both group looked for the numbers, their brain activity was recorded.Everyone could catch the first number. But the brain recordings showed that the less experienced mediators tended to grasp the first number and hang onto it, so they missed the second number. Those with more experience gave less attention to the first number .as if letting it go ,which led to an increased ability to grasp the second number ,This shows that attention can change with practice.Just ask Daniel Levison, who meditated for three months as part of the study.”I am a much better listener,”he saiD．“I do not get lost in my own personal reaction to what people are saying.”48．The underlined word “them”in Paragraph 1 refers toA．feelingsB．minds C．peopleD．thoughts49．Meditations manage their daily tasks better because theyA．are given less pressureB．allocate their attention betterC．have more stimuli for lifeD．practice them more frequently50．In the experiment, volunteers doing meditation for longer hoursA．were more likely to catch both of the membersB．were used to memorizing numbers in groupsC．usually ignored the first number observedD．paid more attention to numbers than to letters51．The study proves thatA．meditation improves one’s healthB．brain activity can be recordedC．human attention can be trainedD．mediators have a good sense of hearingEWhen we think of leadership, we often think of strength and power .But what are these really ,and how do they operate?Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things. If this is even possible .it is short-term, and tends to backfire. If you order someone to do something against their will, theymay do it because they feel they must, but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long-term. They will also experience fear.Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to function at his or her best .If they associate you with this emotion of fear. They will become less functional around you, and you will have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot, but possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively. Fear has no place in leadership.The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use of emotion. We can order someone to do something ,which may be part of the work day; or we can employ them at the emotional level, so they became fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own motivation（积极性）。

2007年硕士研究生基础英语考试题I. Vocabulary Grammar and Structure 20 scores 1. Hisattitude led him to widen __________ to narrow the gap between his colleagues and him. A instead B but C aswell as D rather than 2. The surroundings they becameused to ____________ low dark cells with a high wall encircling. A being that of B was C were D be where those 3. The fact ___________ money orders can usually beeasily cashed has made them a popular form of payment.A ofB thatC whatD which is 4. Mt. Hood_________attracts thousands of tourists every year. Awhere is in the state of Oregan B that is in the stateof Oregan C which is in the state of Oregan D is in the state of Oregan 5. Space exploration has been made___________ with the rapid development of modern technology. A possible B to be possible C it possibleD that being possible 6. Miss Muller’s brain teemed with new ideas for a novel which she is going to startwriting within this month. A was rich in B was lackingin C was distracted with D was oblivious of 7. Miriamis not easily cast down even when the circumstances are against her. A depressed B giving up C persuaded Dabandoning 8. Kevin has been to New Y ork off and on for these three years. A about two times B sometimes C many times D rarely 9. Tom w as quite at a loss where to watch for the man. A look out for B attack C ask for D examine 10. Though you may well adopt these two proposals youmust think that they are at cross purposes. A one andthe same B with opposing aims C not useful D both veryuseful 11. It is regrettable that his watch was badlymauled by his brother. A vindicated B repaired C abused D fixed 12. Jimmy sometimes leaves the window ajar inorder to breathe fresh air. A frequently polished Bcarefully treated C often broken D slightly open 13.Tom’s answer was equivocal whenever the teacher asked the same question of him. A identical B different Cambiguous D difficult 14. Since he has to finish hisreport you’d better not lure him. A dethrone B disturbC despoilD decoy 15. Mr. Smith always befuddles us with difficult questions. A provides B effervesce C confuses D reeks 16. Every idea cannot be thought as a panaceaeven if it may be very nice. A consequence B cure-allC negligenceD blast 17. Shakespeare was one of the most prolific writers in England. A abject B productive Cingenious D inventive 18. Harry felt drowsy while hewas listening to Jazz. A active B impale C inculcateD sleepy 19. Tony became scornful of his friends whenhe succeeded in the attempt. A disdainful B profane Cincipient D grateful 20. The man dabbed his foreheadwith a book he had bought in New York. . A patted B incriminated C importuned D cleaved II. Reading Comprehension 20 scores 1 Iris Rossner has seen eastern German customers weep for joy when they drive away inshiny new Mercedes-Benz sedans.” They have tears in their eyes and keep saying how lucky they are” says Rossner the Mercedes employee responsible forpost-delivery celebrations. Rossner has also seen theFrench pop corks on bottles of champagne as theirnational flag were hoisted above a purchase. And shehas seen American business executives Japanesetourists and Russian politicians travel thousands ofmiles to a Mercedes plant in southwestern Germany when a classic sedan with the trademark three-pointed starwas about to roll off the assembly line and into theirlives. Those were the good old days at Mercedes an erathat began during the economic miracle or the 1960s andended in 1991. Times have changed. “Ten years ago we had clear leadership in the market” says Mercedes spokesman Horst Krambeer. “But over this period the market has changed drastically. We a re now in a pitched battle. The Japanese are partly responsible butMercedes has had to learn the hard way that even German firms like BMW and Audi have made efforts to rise toour standards of technical proficiency.” Mercedes experienced one of its worst years ever in 1992. Theauto maker’s worldwide car sales fell by 5 percent from the previous year to a low of 527500. Before the decline in 1988 the company could sell close to 600000 cars per year. In Germany alone there were 30 000 fewer newMercedes registrations last year than in 1991. As aresult production has plunged by almost 50000 cars to529400 last year a level well beneath the company’s potential capacity of 650000. Mercedes’ competitors have been catching up in the United States the world’s largest car market. In 1986 Mercedes sold 100000vehicles in America by 1991 the number had declined to 59000. Over the last two years the struggling companyhas lost a slice of its US market share to BMW Toyotaand Nissan. And BMW outsold Mercedes in America lastyear for the first time in its history. Meanwhile justas Mercedes began making some headway in Japan a notoriously difficult market the Japanese economy fell on hard times and the company saw its sales decline by13 percent in that country. Revenues will hardlyimprove this year and the time has come for getting down to business. At Mercedes that means cutting payrolls streamlining production and opening up to consumerneeds ----- revolutionary steps for a company that once considered itself beyond improvement. 21. The author’s intention in citing various nationalities’ interestsin Mercedes is to illustrate Mercedes’ _______________.A sale strategiesB market monopolyC superior qualityD past record 22. Mercedes is having a hard time because _________-. A it is lagging behind in technology B Japan is turning to BMW for cars C its competitors arecatching up D sales in America have dropped by 13 23.In the good years Mercedes could sell about______________. A 527500 cars B 529400 cars C 600000cars D 650000 cars 24. What caused the decline ofMercedes’ sales in Japan A Japan is a very difficultmarket. B The state of the economy there. C Competition from other car companies. D BMW and Audi’s improved technical standards. 2 Elizabeth was fortunate to beborn in the full flush of Renaissance enthusiasm foreducation. Women had always been educated of course for had not St. Paul said that women were men’s equals in the possession of a soul But to the old idea that theyshould be trained in Christian manners and thought was now added a new purpose: to quicken the spirit and train them in the craft and eloquence of the classical authors of Greece and Rome. Critics were not wanting morbidly obsessed with the weaknesses of the sex ---- its loveof novelty and inborn tendency to vice ---- to thinkwomen dangerous enough without adding to their subtlety and forwardness: but they were not able to stem the tide. Henry VII’s mother was one of the first to indicatethe new trend. She knew enough French to translate “The Mirror of God for the Sinful Soul” and was the patronof Caxton the first English printer and a liberalbenefactor to the universities. Sir Thomas More’s daughters studied Greek Latin Philosophy AstronomyPhysic Arithmetic Logic Rhetoric and Music. In hishousehold women were treated as men’s equals in conversation and wit and scholars boasted of them inletters to friends abroad. The movement wasstrengthened from abroad by Catherine of Aragon HenryVIII’s Spanish Queen. In the Spain of her childhoodladies were the friends of scholars Vives one of themost refreshing figures in the history of education to write a plan of studies for the education of herdaughter Mary. This was the heritage into which thesharp-witted child Elizabeth entered. At six years old it was said she was precociously intelligent and hadas much g ravity as if she had been forty. Little is known of her education until her tenth year when she becamethe pupil of the Cambridge humanists Roger Ascham and William Grindall but she was already learning Frenchand Italian and must have been well grounded in Latin.Ascham helped her to form that beautiful Italian andshe wrote on all special occasions and with him shespent the morning on Greek first the New Testament andthen the classical authors translating them first into English and then back into the original. The afternoons were given over to Latin and she also studied Protestanttheology kept up her French and Italian and laterlearned Spanish. When she was sixteen Ascham wrote: ”Her mind has no womanly weakness her perseverance isequal to that of a man and her memory long keeps whatit quickly picks up”. Though it is easy to be cynicalabout the reputed accomplishments of the greatElizabeth was notoriously quick and intelligent and had a real love of learning. Even as queen she did notabandon her studies. 25. Women’s education in theMiddle Ages was intended to make them into goodChristians but in the Renaissance the idea was to___________________. A make them superior to men in religious and intellectual matters B make them lessreligious and more rational and intellectual C make up for their weaknesses of character and brain D developboth their religious and their intellectual capacities 26. Some p eople were against the new education for women because ___________________. A they thought womenclever and educated enough already B they were afraidof clever women a nd thought they would be badly-behavedC women t hought they would get bored with education and want to enjoy themselvesD women w ere afraid they wouldnot benefit from a good education 27. Henry VII’s mother the Lady Margaret ____________________. A was a famous teacher of French and gave money to the universitiesB gave money to the universities to help the printerCaxton C helped Caxton so that he would publish the book she had written D was a cultivated and generous woman28. The author thinks that although rich and famouspeople are often said to be cleverer than they reallyare ______________. A Elizabeth almost certainly didnot deserve this praise. B there is other evidence that Elizabeth was extremely clever. C Elizabeth was notwell-known for her hand-writing D there is otherevidence that Elizabeth was famous and cynical. 3 More people than ever before are now going to dentists’office but fully one half of the United Statespopulation will not see a dentist. The reason is quitesimple believe most dentists they are scared. Andreally what experience is worse than seeing atraditional dentist You wait in silence thumbingthrough old magazine in a sterile white waiting roomin which no one ever speaks. All is silent until anassistant calls your name and leads you back to anotherwhite room this one filled with machinery to frightenyou still further. At the Medical College of Georgiandentists are taught principles of behavior andtechniques of office design that should help reduce the patients’ anxiety and tension. Assistants andreceptionists are taught to smile and speak to thepatient. This helps create an atmosphere of trust.Dentists themselves are being taught to communicatemore fully with the patient. A phrase such as “you’re doing fine” tells the patient that the dentist is appreciative of the patients’ predicament. Dentists’offices are being repainted in “earth tones” brown green tan and other soothing colors. A startling color such as red should be avoided at all costs red bringsto mind blood and pain. Paintings and otherdistractions are strategically located music is pipedin to help the patients ignore his or her pain. Untilrecently dentists had ignored the fact that mostpatients are lying flat on their backs with little tobusy their minds other than their pains. Now dentistsare not only building ceilings with fancy patterns but also distracting their patients with ceiling TV setscomputer games and mazes and mobile sculptures. Onequick technique involves placing mirrors so patientscan distract themselves by watching fish in a tanklocated near the ceiling. Less drastic changes include redoing the practice rooms to include less of thesterile color white and redesigning the machinery adentist must use to make it appear less frightening.Uniforms are also being made in pastel and earth colors no longer in white. Some d entists go much further. They take an active role in teaching their patients to relax some a re teaching their patients deep muscle relaxation and breathing control. Some use advanced techniquessuch as hypnosis and biofeedback to help their patients relax in the chair. Drugs and painkillers may still beused to ease physical pain but all these techniques ofrelaxation help the patient relaxant avoid anxiety over their pain. 29. The main idea of this passage is that_____________. A physical surroundings affects people’s emotional reactions B decoration is the primaryfactor in relieving patient’s fears. C earth tones are soothing colors D most people feel anxious aboutphysical pain 30. We c an conclude from the passage that_______________. A relaxation blocks out all pain. Bpatients feel more pain if they think the dentist isconcerned with their feelings C being anxious and tense exaggerated the pain a patient feels D being anxiousand tense cause the pain a patient feels III. ErrorCorrection 20 scores 31. Mr. Jones is not prepared toteach this course is not doubted however at A B thislate date it is not likely that we will be able to find a replacement. C D 32. The cost of a college educationhas risen as rapidly during the past several years AB C that it is now beyond the reach of many people. D33. The young girl dreamed a dream that she was beingcarried away by monsters. A B C D 34. She was the only woman to participate in the experiment and among thefew A B C volunteers to die of it. D 35. Recent evidence suggests that an infant be born with the capacity tospeak. A B C D 36. I do not believe that I have everseen as many expensive cars than were in A B C thatshopping center. D 37. If motorists do not observe thetraffic regulations they will be stopped ticketed A BC and have to pay a fine.D 38. I was educated at StGeorge’s College where the media of teaching was A BC English throughout the school.D 39. The more complex a subject becomes the better necessary it is to breakit up A B C into a number of parts which the reader can visualize. D 40. Next to the invention of language thegreatest achievement of the people is the A B C Dinvention of writing. 41. Ms. Miller had rather spendthe entire summer in the heat of New Y ork City A B than travel with her cousins to Maine. C D 42. The NationalAir and Space Museum w hich opened in 1976 had a million A B visitors in the first twenty-five days and 9.7million visitors came there in the C D first year. 43.That manufacturer is not only raising his prices butalso decreasing the A B C production of his productsas well. D 44. Paris has been well known as its famous monuments beautiful music and .。

1.——Is that Mr. Robert Lee?——________A_________A. Yes, Lee speaking C. sorry, speakingB. Hello, what do you want D. I don’t know2.——Where is Dr. Brown’s office?——_________.D ___________________.A. You can’t ask me C. Please don’t say soB. Pardon? I have no idea D. Sorry I don’t know, but you can ask the man ove3. ——Come, I’ll show you around.——__________ C _____________.A. It doesn’t matter. C. Thanks a lot.B. No, I don’t know. D. That’s all right.4. ——How are you?——_______ C __________.A. How are you? C. Fine, thank you. And you?B. Nice to meet you. D. How do you do?5. ——Mary, your dress is really beautiful.——_________ A ________.A. Thank you very much C. I’m shyB. No, no D. Don’t say so6. ——would you mind changing seats with me?——__________ C _______.A. Yes, you can C. No, I don’t mindB. Of course, I like to D. Certainly, please do7.— Good morning, sir. May I help you?— ______________ C _______________.A. No, I don't buy anything C. Yes, I need some sugarB. No, I don't need your help D. Oh, no. That's OK.8.— Could you help me with my homework, please?— _______________.D ______________.A. No, no way C. No, I can'tB. No, I couldn't D. Sorry I can't. I have to go to a meeting right now9. — Can I help you with the bag?— _______________B____________.A. No, no. I can take it myself. C. Sorry, you can'tB. Thank you D. No, I'm all right10.— Sorry, I must be leaving now, because there's a meeting— ________________ C _____________.A. Oh, no, you can'tB. Yes, you can leave if you likeC. Do you really have to go? Couldn't you at least stay for another cup of tea?D. Oh, no. I don't understand11. — Hello, I'd like to speak to Mark, please.— ____________ B _________________.A. Yes, I'm Mark C. It's me hereB. This is Mark speaking D. This is me12. — Can you go out with us for dinner this evening?— ____________ B _________________.A. No, I already have plansB. Thanks a lot but I'm busy tonightC. No, I really don't like being with youD. I'm ill, so I shouldn't go out for dinner13.——Many Thanks——__________ C _______.A. It doesn’t matter C. It’s my pleasureB. Never mind D. The same to you.14.——I’m awfully sorry——____________.D ________________.A. Don’t mention it. C. All right.B. That’s right D. That’s all right.15.——How do you do?——___________ B ___________.A. Very well. C. I am a doctor.B. How do you do? D. Nice to have known you.16. ——Do you mind if I smoke here?——______________ B _________________.A. That’s all right. C. OK.B. Of course not. D. Don’t mention it.17. ——How is your family?——_________________ C ________________.A. Thanks all the same C. Not too bad.B. Thanks for calling. D. Don’t mention it.18. ——Excuse me, could you please tell me where the bus stop is?——_________________ C ____________________________.A. I'm sorry. C. Of course, come with me.B. Don’t mention it. D. That’s all right.19. ——What’s wrong with you?——____________ B ___________.A. It doesn’t matter. C. Not too bad.B. I don’t feel well. D. That’s it.20. ——May I try it on?——_________ B ______.A. No, thank you. C. It’s my pleasureB. Certainly, you can. D. No, I don’t mind at all.21.— Can you turn down the radio, please?— __________ B ___________________.A. Oh, I knowB. I'm sorry, I didn't realize it was that loud.C. I'll keep it down next time.D. Please forgive me.22.— These are certainly beautiful flowers. Thank you so much.— _______________ B ______________.A. No, no. It's nothing C. Yes, I agree.B. You are welcome. D. Yes, I think so, too23.— Hi, Sam, I think you did a good job.— ______________ A _______________.A. Thank you C. Not at allB. Don't mention it D. I did it quite badly24.May I see the menu, please?——_________ C _____________.A. That is the menu, sirB. Yes, please go onC. Here you are, sirD. Of course, sir25. — Are you ready to order desert, please?— ______________.D _______________.A. Yes, pleaseB. Please don’t order itC. No, don’t mention itD. Yes, I’d like to have some chocolate cake26. Could I speak to John Harris, please.— ____________.D _________________.A. Oh, how are you C. I'm listeningB. I'm John D. Speaking27. Why don't you travel to New York on vacation?— _____________ C ________________.A. I don't want to goB. Excuse me, because I can'tC. I want to but I haven't got enough moneyD. Because I'm going to school today28. — Congratulations! You won the first prize in today's speech contest.— ________ C _____________________.A. Yes, I beat the others C. Thank youB. No, no, I didn't do it well D. It's a pleasure29. ——How is your family?——___________________ C ______________.A. Thanks all the same C. Not too bad.B. Thanks for calling. D. Don’t mention it.30. — Can I have a look at your passport?— __________ C ___________________.A. It is C. Here you areB. Here is it D. No, you can't31. ——What can I do for you, madam?——____________ A ______________.A. I want a kilo of apples C. ThanksB. You can go your own way D. Excuse me. I’m busy32. ——How do you like C university life so far?——_________________ C ______________.A. Many thanks. C. Oh, I think it’s great.B. The same to you. D. Never mind.33. — I'd like to book a flight to Shanghai, please.— ______________ C _______________.A. No, of course notB. Do you mind if I said no?C. Yes, sir, single or return?D. You can't. We are busy34. ——Can you help me?——____________ B ___________.A. No, I don’t know. C. Don’t mention it.B. Sure, what is it? D. That’s it.35. ——Hi, is Mary there, please?——_________ A ______________.A. Hold on. I’ll get her C. Yes, she lives hereB. No, she isn’t here D. Yes, what do you want36. ——Sorry to trouble you.——_______ A ___________.A. Not at all. C. Of course not.B. Go ahead. D. It’s a pleasure.37.——How do you do?——______ B ________________.A. Very well. C. I am a doctor.B. How do you do? D. Nice to have known you.38. — Would you like to go fishing with us now?— _____________ B ________________.A. No, I don't likeB. It sounds interesting but I have lots of homework to doC. I won't tell youD. Oh, it is well39. — Sorry I kept you waiting.—_______________ C ______________.A. I’m sadB. I don’t careC. That’s all right. There’s no hurryD. No, not at all答案: 1-5 ADCCA 6-10 CCDBC 11-15 BBCDB 16-20 BCCBB21-25 BBACD 26-30 DCCCC 31-35 ACCBA 36-39 ABBCPassage 1Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语) as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and- energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract (对抗) your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam(鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.11. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably__.D __ ___.A.he is a lazy personB.he refuses to follow his own energy cycleC.he is not sure when his energy is lowD.he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening12. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?A.Unawareness of energy cycles.B.Familiar monologues.C. A change in a family member’s energy cycle.D.Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.13. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should___ C _____.A.change his energy cycle C. get up earlier than usualB.overcome his laziness D. go to bed earlier14. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will_____ A ______.A.help to keep your energy for the day’s workB.help you to control your temper early in the dayC.enable you to concentrate on your routine workD.keep your energy cycle under control all day15. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? BA.Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one’s energy.B.Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.C.Habits helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.D.Children have energy cycles, too.答案(DACAB)Passage 2Questions16 to 20 are based on the following passage:It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and /or heavy automobile traffic. Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst pollution, the problem is almost world wide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to health warnings even in rural areas away from any major concentration of factories and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution. Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels(coal and oil) is creating a “green house effect”—holding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the earth average temperature. If this view is correct and the world’s temperature is raised o nly a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston and Miami will be under water.Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth’s temperature - a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen(though one recent government report prepared by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very likely).Perhaps ,if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each of other and world’s temp erature will stay about the same as it is now.16. As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution __.D __A.caused widespread damage in the countryside.B.affected the entire eastern half of the United States.C.had damaging effects on health.D.existed only in cities and industrial areas.17. As far as the greenhouse effect is concerned, the author__ B ___A.shares the same view with the scientists.B.is uncertain of its existence.C.disagree about it as being ungrounded.D.thinks it will destroy the world soon.18. The word “offset” in the last sentence of the passage could best be replaced by___ B _A.take overB. make up forC. set upD. catch up with19. It can be inferred from the passage that ___ C _A.Rai sing the world’s temperature only a few degrees would not do harm to most of the lifeon earth.B.Lowering the earth’s temperature merely a few degrees would lead many major farmingareas to disaster.C.Almost no temperature variations have happened over the past decade.D.The world’s temperature will remain the same in the years to come.20. This passage is mainly about ______ CA.the greenhouse effect. C. the possible effect of air pollution.B.the burning of fossil fuels. D. the likelihood of a new ice age.答案(DBBBC)Passage 3Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Under normal conditions, the act of communication requires the presence of at least two persons: one who sends and one who receives the communication. In order to communicate thoughts and feelings, there must be a conventional system of signs or symbols that mean the same to the sender and the receiver.The means of communication are too numerous and varied for systematic classification; therefore, the analysis must begin with the means of receiving communication. Reception of communication is achieved by our senses. Sight, hearing, and touching seem to play the most important roles. Smell and taste play very limited roles, for they cannot receive intellectual expression from fully developed systems of sings and symbols.Examples of visual communication are gesture and imitation. Although both frequently accompany speech, there are systems that rely solely on sight, such as those used by deaf and dumb persons. Another means of communicating visually is by signals of fire, smoke, flags, or flashing light. Feelings may be simply communicated by touch, such as by handshaking or backslapping, although a highly developed system of hand-stroking has enabled blind, deaf, and dumb persons to communicate intelligently. Whistling to someone, applauding in a theater, and other forms of communication by sound rely upon the ear as a receiver. The most fully developed form of auditory communication is, of course, the spoken language.The means of communication mentioned so far have two features in common: they last only a short time, and the persons involved must be relatively close to each other. Therefore, all are restricted in time and space.21. Reception of communication ______ C _____A. is more important than sending messagesB. depends on two personsC. involves use of the sensesD. play only limited roles22. Applauding is specifically mentioned as an example of ___ A _______.A. communication by soundB. gesture and imitationC. communication by sending a messageD. communication between the listener and speaker23. Persons who cannot see, hear, or speak are able to communicate through___.D ______.A. gesturing C. smellingB. handshaking D. hand-stroking24. The author specifically mentions that speech is ____.D ________ .A. often used when other means are impossibleB. necessary for normal communicationC. the only highly developed system of communicationD. the most developed form of communication based on hearing25. According to the passage, means of communication ____ C ______.A. can develop quickly if there is enough time and space/B. all have the same featuresC. have some limitations even if they are fully developedD. depend on the persons involved答案(CADDC)Passage 4Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:The first time I decided to leave home was when I was a sophomore in high school. I was having trouble getting along with my parents. I had about a hundred dollars in my pocket, and so I thought about leaving home. It took me only three weeks away from home when I started to feel homesick. Living on my own is a totally different experience for three main reasons: being more responsible, more decisive and more creative.First of all, I have learned that living on my own requires that I become more responsible. My parents usually assign my work and duties which I have to keep up with almost every day. When I fail to do my assigned work, I only get scolded. However, now that I am on my own, I get to deal with my duties without being told to. When I fail to do my duties, I must also deal with the outcome on my own.Another different experience for me while living on my own is that now I have become more decisive. I have be more careful now that I am on my own because my parents are not here to give me their advice. I must make my own decisions now that I am on own. For example, I must make the best decisions for myself without hurting anybody’s feelings and without my parents’ authority.Therefore, I became more creative just by living on my own. I could make my own future plan.I have made rules for myself to follow. I also designed all the furniture in my room by using carving tools. I wrote a lot of songs and kept them in my notebook for any singer out there who might be interested. This to me is a good idea experience, because I usually think that being creative is the nicest thing in the world. However, when I was with my parents I found it hard for me to be creative simply because I always followed their ideas.In conclusion, these are the things that usually happen when I am with my parents and when I am alone. In addition, I think that it is appropriate for everyone in this world to love their parents and themselves before they love anyone else. They should learn how to live on their own, but at the same time learn how to support their loving parents. They need to follow every technique that was given to them by their parents. They can make use of their freedom of choice to lead to wherever they want.26. According to the passage, the author decided to leave home because B .A.he liked to live on campusB.he had trouble getting along with his parentsC.he had to study in another cityD.he felt he was old enough to leave home27. According to the passage, the author became A after he lived on his own.A.more responsibleB.more experiencedC.more industriousD.more dependent28. From the passage, we can see that the author C .A.always decided on things by himselfB.often made decisions when he was studying in middle schoolC.seldom made decisions by himself when he was in middle schoolD.never decided on anything by himself29. What did the author think was the nicest thing in the world? CA.Being independent.B.Being responsible.C.Being creative.D.Being more decisive.30. The passage mainly tells us that .D .A.one can be more carefree by living on one’s ownB.one can enjoy more freedom by living on one’s ownC.one can get along better with one’s parents by living on one’s ownD.one can become more responsible, decisive and creative while living on one’s own.答案(BACCD)Passage 1Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:A well-balanced life is necessary to live in today's world. Without a well-balanced life a person can neither function properly nor develop into a well-rounded individual. Without some sort of balance in life people tend to be unfulfilled and unhappy.I've experienced great stress in my study and work. And I've tried every means to adjust myself and relieve my stress. Finally I found a way out in my leisure time. Leisure time is very important and necessary for me. Without it I am sure I would go insane. I spend most of my extra time reading, listening to music, talking to my real life friends, or talking on the Internet with people I meet. I really enjoy going out into a quiet place and reading poetry or books by Walt Whitman and Robert Frost. If I did not make time for all of this I would not be able to handle everything else in life. Along with reading to relax, listening to music is very important to me. If I feel sad, I listen to slow songs, while if I am happy I like listening to fast songs. Music is the universal language and it can express different feelings. It can relate to the soul, or in fact I think it is the soul of feelings.My real life friends and my Internet friends are also part of my leisure and social time. Friends have always been important to me. They are the backbone in everything I do. The good friends that I have are always there for me in every situation I am in. Without them I would not have led a healthy, balanced life. Not so long ago I went through a short time of depression. I fell behind in all my work and stopped talking to my friends. After a week of acting this way, one of my good friends pulled me aside and invited me to go for a walk with her. We talked about what was going on in my life and she helped me to figure out what I wanted to do. I do not know what would have happened if she had not been there.Many things add to having a well-balanced life. Stress can be a very dangerous and tiresome experience. It can lead to depression and unhappiness. But when it happens, you can do somethingother than wait, like talking to your friends or listening to music. Then you may not think you should have been so stressed and depressed.A well-balanced life is important to maintain. Without some sort of balance it is hard to get by in everyday life. And the creative use of leisure time plays a vital role.11. What does the author mainly tell us in the passage? .DA. A well-balanced life is not easy to have in today’s world.B. She has experiences great stress in her study and work.C. Satisfying work is crucial to having a well-balanced lifeD.Leisure time plays a vital role in maintaining a well-balanced life12. What does the author mean by saying “Finally I found a way out in my leisure time” (Line 2,Para. 2)? AA.She found leisure time could help relieve her stress and maintain a well-balancedlife.B. She found a way to enjoy herself in her leisure time.C. She got to know how to spend her leisure time.D. She came to understand what “a well-balanced life” means.13. When does the author listen to slow music? CA. When she is happy.B. When she is lonely.C. When she is sad.D. When she is trying to work.14. How important are good friends to the author? BA. They usually help her lift the physical burden with their strong backbone.B. They support her in everything she does and help her in every situation she is in.C. They often pull her aside and invite her to go for a walk.D. They will do everything that she wants them to do.15. What main suggestion does the author gives in the passage on how to relieve stress? .DA. Talking to friendsB. Listening to musicC.Reading poetryD. Pursuing some leisure activities答案(DACBD)Passage 2Questions16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of flirtingor indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn, and instruct people. While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.16. Which of the following best summarizes this passage? AA. When language is a barrier, people will find other forms of communication.B. Everybody uses only one form of communication.C. Nonlinguistic language is invaluable to foreigners.D. Although other forms of communication exist, verbalization is the fastest.17. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage? CA. There are many forms of communication in existence today.B. Verbalization is the most common form of communication.C. The deaf and mute do not need sign language for communication.D. Ideas and thoughts can be transmitted by language.18. Which form other than oral speech would be most commonly used among blind people? BA. Picture signs. C. Body language.B. Braille. D. Signal flags.19. How many different forms of communication are mentioned here? CA. 2 — 4 C. 8 — 10B. 5 — 7 D. Over 1020. Sign language is said to be very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally as it doesn't represent ___ A __.A. spellings C. ideasB. whole words D. feelings答案(ACBCA)Passage 3Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules of grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others, so what makes languages so much easier for them to learn? Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners we may discover a few of the techniques that make language learning easier for them.First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher. They discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They try to learn from their mistakes.Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, they do not wait for a chance to use the language. Instead they look for such a chance. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear and to say strange things. They are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to knowthe meaning of every word.Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn it.16.The best learners of languages _______ C ______.A. are the most intelligent students in the classB. are the best at memorizing long vocabulary listsC. have the best language learning techniquesD. are the best at mastering rules of grammar17.People who learn languages easily seem to have a ___ C ____ for learning them.A. desire C. knackB. skill D. will power18.According to the passage the key factor in language learning is probably____ A.A. the learner C. the textbookB. the teacher D. the classmates19.Successful language learners are _____ B _____, _________ learners with a purpose.A. diligent, energetic C. diligent, activeB. independent, active D. dependent, passive20.Successful language learners learn the language by ______.D _______.A. following a strict study schedule every dayB. relying on teachers and classmatesC. learning the meaning of every word they hearD. trying to communicate and learning from mistakes答案(CCABD)Passage 4Questions 26 to30 are based on the following passage:For years, children in the industrial areas of Europe and America seldom left their smoky cities to see the beauties of the countryside. Not that the woods and fields were always far away, but they were too far from the city to permit people to make a round trip between morning and nightfall. What’s more, factory workers did not have enough money to send their children on country holidays away from home.In 1907, a young German schoolmaster had an idea which changed this state of affairs. He decided to turn his little schoolhouse into a dormitory for the summer holidays. Anyone who brought his sleeping bag and cooking equipment along could stay there for a very small amount of money. The idea was a success. A few years later, the schoolhouse was far too small to hold the many young people who wanted to stay there. As a result, a dormitory was set up in an old castle nearby. This was the first Youth Hostel.Today, young students of every country can meet in the hostel and get to know each other. When young people arrive at a hostel, they have only to show their cards of membership in a hostel organization in their own country. This card will permit them to use the facilities of hostels all over the world for a very low price.Often, at the evening meal a group of boys and girls from various parts of the country or the world will happen to meet at the same hostel. They may put their food together and prepare a。

考研英语二20RR年真题Section1ICloze(10points)Directions：ForeachnumberedblanAinthefollowingpassage．therearefourchoicesma rAedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarARouranswerontheANSWERS HEETwithapencil．AdvancingagemeanslosingRourhair,RourwaistlineandRourmemorR，right?DanaDenisisjust40Rearsold，but21she'sworriedaboutwhatshecalls'mRrollingmentalblacAouts.""ItrRto remembersomethingandIjustblanAout，"shesaRsRoumaR22abouttheselapses，callingthem"seniormoments"orblaming"earlRAlzheimer's(老年痴呆症)．"IsitaninescapablefactthattheolderRouget，the23RourememberWell,sortof．ButastimegoesbR,wetendtoblameage2 4problemsthatarenotnecessarilRage-related．"Whenateenagercan'tfindherAeRs，shethinAsit'sbecauseshe'sdistractedordisorganized，"saRsPaulGold．"A70-Rear-oldblamesher25．"Infact，the70-Rear-oldmaRhavebeen26thingsfordecades．InhealthRpeople，memorRdoesn'tworsenas27asmanRofusthinA．"Aswe28，thememorRmechanismisn't29，"saRspsRchologistFergusCraiA．"It'sjustinefficient．"Thebrain'sprocessing30slowsdownovertheRears，thoughnooneAnowseRactlR31.Recentresearchsuggeststhatnervecellslos eefficiencRand32there'slessactivitRinthebrain．But，cautionsBarrRGordon，"It'snotclearthatlessactivitRis33．Abeginningathleteiswinded（气喘吁吁）moreeasilRthana34athlete．InthesamewaR,35thebraingetsmoresAilledat atasA，iteRpendslessenergRonit."Thereare36RoucantaAetocompensatefornormalslippageinRourmem orRgears，thoughit37effort．MargaretSewellsaRs："We'reaquicA-fiRculture,butRouhaveto38toAeepRourbrain39shape．It'sl iAehavingagoodbodR．RouCan'tgotothegRmonceaRear40eRpecttostaRi ntopform."21．A.almostB.seldomC.alreadRD.never22．ughC.blameD.criticize23．A.muchB.littleC.moreD.less24．A.sinceB.forC.bRD.because25．A.memorRB.mindC.troubleD.health26．A.disorganizingB.misplacingC.puttingD.finding27．A.swiftlRB.frequentlRC.timelRD.quicAlR28．A．matureB.advanceC.ageD.grow29．A.broAenB.poorC.perfectD.worAing30．rmation31．A.whRB.howC.whatD.when32．A.sinceB.henceC.thatD.although33．A.irregularB.betterC.normalD.worse34．A.famousB.seniorC.popularD.trained35．A.asB.tillC.thoughD.Ret36．A.stagesB.stepsC.advantagesD.purposes37．A.maAesB.taAesC.doesD.spends38．eC.worAD.studR39．A.toB.forC.onD.in40．A.soB.orC.andD.ifSectionⅢReadingComprehension(40points)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart,EachpassageisfollowedbRsomeq uestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmar AedA,B,C,andD.RoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblacAenthecorresp ondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithapencil.Questions41to45arebased onthefollowingpassage:Priortothe20thcenturR,manRlanguageswithsmallnumbersofspeaAer ssurvivedforcenturies.TheincreasinglRinterconnectedmodernworldmaAe sitmuchmoredifficultforsmalllanguagecommunitiestoliveinrelativeisolati on,aAeRfactorinlanguagemaintenanceandpreservation. Itremainstobeseenwhethertheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticandculturaldi versitRinthecenturiesahead.ManRpowerfulforcesappeartoworAagainstit: populationgrowth,whichpushesmigrantpopulationsintotheworld'slastiso latedlocations;masstourism;globaltelecommunicationsandmassmedia;an dthespreadofgiganticglobalcorporations.Alloftheseforcesappeartosignif Rafutureinwhichthelanguageofadvertising,popularculture,andconsumer productsbecomesimilar.AlreadREnglishandafewothermajortongueshaveemergedasgloballanguagesofcommerceandcommunication.FormanRoft heworld'speoples,learningoneoftheselanguagesisviewedastheAeRtoedu cation,economicopportunitR,andabetterwaRoflife.OnlRabout3,000languagesnowinuseareeRpectedtosurvivethecomi ngcenturR.AremostoftherestdoomedinthecenturRafterthatWhethermost oftheselanguagessurvivewillprobablRdependonhowstronglRculturalgrou pswishtoAeeptheiridentitRalivethroughanativelanguage.Todosowillrequi reanemphasisonbilingualism（masterRoftwolanguages）.BilingualspeaAerscouldusetheirownlangua geinsmallerspheres---athome,amongfriends,incommunitRsettings---an dagloballanguageatworA,indealingswithgovernment,andincommercials pheres.InthiswaR,manRsmalllanguagescouldsustaintheirculturalandlingu isticintegritRalongsidegloballanguages,ratherthanRieldtothehomogenizi ng（同化的）forcesofglobalization.IronicallR,thetrendoftechnologicalinnovationthathasthreatenedmino ritRlanguagescouldalsohelpsavethem.ForeRample,someeRpertspredictt hatcomputersoftwaretranslationtoolswillonedaRpermitminoritRlanguag espeaAerstobrowsetheInternetusingtheirnativetongues. LinguistsarecurrentlRusingcomputer-aidedlearningtoolstoteachavarietR ofthreatenedlanguages.FormanRendangeredlanguages,thelinebetweenrevivalanddeathise nguageisremarAablRresilient（有活力的）,however.Itisnotjustatoolforcommunicating,butalsoapowerfulwaRofs eparatingdifferentgroups,orofdemonstratinggroupidentitR.ManRindigenous（原生的，土著的）communitieshaveshownthatitispossibletoliveinthemodernworldwhilerecl aimingtheiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage.41.MinoritRlanguagescanbebestpreservedin__________. A．anincreasinglRinterconnectedworld B．maintainingsmallnumbersofspeaAers C．relativelRisolatedlanguagecommunities D．followingthetraditionofthe20thcenturR42.AccordingtoParagraph2,thattheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticdiversitR inthefutureis_______. A．uncertainB．unrealisticC．foreseeableD．definite43.Accordingtotheauthor,bilingualismcanhelp_________. A．smalllanguagesbecomeacceptableinworAplaces B．homogenizetheworld'slanguagesandcultures C．globallanguagesreachhomeandcommunitRsettings D．speaAersmaintaintheirlinguisticandculturalidentitRputertechnologRishelpfulforpreservingminoritRlanguagesinthati t_________. A．maAeslearningagloballanguageunnecessarR B．facilitatesthelearningandusingofthoselanguages C．raisespublicawarenessofsavingthoselanguages D．maAesiteasierforlinguiststostudRthoselanguages45.Intheauthor'sview,manRendangeredlanguagesare________. A．remarAablRwell-AeptinthismodernworldB．eRceptionallRpowerfultoolsofcommunication C．quitepossibletoberevivedinsteadofdRingout D．auniquewaRofbringingdifferentgroupstogetherQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:EverRone，itseems，hasahealthproblem。

2007英语考研真题翻译2007年英语考研真题翻译In recent years, many stories about international adoptions have appeared in the media. These stories often portray international adoption as a positive and heartwarming experience, highlighting the joy of bringing a child from a different culture into a loving home. However, there is another side to this practice that is often overlooked - the challenges faced by both the adoptive parents and the adopted children.One of the main challenges in international adoption is the issue of cultural and racial identity. When a child is adopted from another country, they are often separated from their birth culture and heritage. This can result in a sense of loss and confusion for the child, as they struggle to find their place in their new environment. Similarly, the adoptive parents may also face difficulties in helping their child navigate their dual cultural identities.Language barriers can also pose a problem in international adoptions. Many adopted children do not speak the language of their adoptive country, and may have limited access to their birth language as well. This can impede their ability to communicate and integrate into their new community. Adoptive parents must be prepared to provide language support and resources to help their child develop fluency in both languages.Another challenge in international adoption is the potential for medical or psychological issues. Some adopted children may have experienced neglect or trauma in their birth countries, which can result in long-term health or emotional problems. It is important for adoptive parents to beaware of this possibility and to seek appropriate medical and psychological support for their child.Additionally, the process of international adoption itself can be complex and time-consuming. It often involves extensive paperwork, background checks, and legal procedures. Adoptive parents must be prepared for the financial and logistical challenges that come with navigating the adoption process, which can vary greatly depending on the countries involved.Despite these challenges, international adoption can also be a rewarding and life-changing experience for both the adoptive parents and the adopted children. It provides an opportunity for children to find a loving and stable home, and for parents to fulfill their dreams of parenthood. However, it is crucial for prospective adoptive parents to educate themselves about the potential challenges and responsibilities involved in international adoption.In conclusion, international adoption is a complex and multifaceted process that brings together children from different cultures and countries with adoptive parents. While it can be a positive and transformative experience, it is important to acknowledge and address the challenges faced by both the adoptive parents and the adopted children. By providing support, resources, and understanding, we can ensure that international adoption is a successful and enriching journey for all involved parties.请注意，以上正文已经按照给定的题目“2007英语考研真题翻译”进行撰写。

2007年天津工业大学应用语言学考研真题I. Define the following terms (10 points)1 morpheme (2 points)2 minimal pairs (3 points)3 design features (3 points)4 competence (2 points)II. Multiple choice (20 points. 1 point for each item)1. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. the Anglo-SaxonsB. the NormansC. the VikingsD. the Romans2. Which of the following king was executed in the civil war?A. James IB. James IIC. Charles ID. Charles II3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University in Britain?A. It’s open to everybody.B. It requires no formal educational qualifications.C. No university degree is awarded.D. University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, etc.4. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?A. James IIB. William of OrangeC. Oliver CromwellD. George I5. The general election in Britain is held every ______ years.A. fourB. fiveC. sixD. three6. It is ______ who served as Prime Minister after Mrs. Margaret Thatcher.A. Tony BlairB. John MajorC. Harold WilsonD. James Callaghan7. Which of the following description about the Conservative Party is NOT true ?A. It has been in power for an unusually long period of time.B. It prefers policies that protect individual’s rights.C. It receives a lot of the funding from big companies.D. It is known as a party of high taxation levels.8. In the examination called the 11 plus, students with academic potential go to _______.A. grammar schoolsB. comprehensive schoolsC. public schoolsD. technical schools9. In Britain, the term from early September to mid-December is known as _______.IV. Answer the following questions (20 points. 5 points for each item)1.In what ways can linguistics contribute to the research in language teaching?2. What are the main features of Chomsky’s TG grammar?3. Why is Saussure known as the father of modern linguistics?4. What is the general understanding of the role of grammar in language learning? V. Read the following passages and answer the questions.Passage OneTo fully understand the meaning of a sentence, we must also understand the context in which itwas uttered. Take the word ‘ball’ for example:1. He kicked the ball into the net.2. She dribbled the ball down the court and shot a basket.3. He putted the ball in from two feet away.From the examples given above we know that the word ‘ball’ is understood in different waysdepending on what type of action is associated with it. What kind of ball could you visualize in eachstatement? (6 points. 2points for each item)4. What’s the function of the ‘context’? (4 points)Passage TwoWe have assumed that speakers and listeners involved in conversation are generally cooperatingwith each other. For example, for reference to be successful, it was proposed thatcollaboration was anecessary factor. This sense of cooperation is simply one in which people having a conversation arenot normally assumed to be trying to confuse, trick, or withhold relevant information form each other.In most circumstances, this kind of cooperation is only the starting point for making sense of what issaid. Look at the following dialogues. Write a pragmatic paraphrase in each case.(15 points. 3 pointsfor each item)Example: Maggie: Have you fulfilled your dream?Jack: Everybody has a dream.The possible paraphrase: ‘No, I haven’t fulfilled my dream yet.’1. Mary: Do you like my newly-bought dress?John: It’s pink.2. Linda: Would you like some coffee?Tom: It would keep me awake all night.3. Jane: Have you finished the reading lists and the term paper?Mike: I’ve done the term paper.4. Carol: Are you going to Terry’s birthday party?Dick: Well, Terry has got two dogs now.5. Anna: Was the dessert delicious?Paul: Apple pie is Apple pie.Passage ThreeThere was an appeal to the idea that speakers assume certain information is already known bytheir listeners. Because it is treated as known, such information will generally not be stated andconsequently will count as part of what is communicated but not said. The technical termspresupposition and entailment are used to describe two different aspects of this kind of information.A presupposition is something the speaker assumes to be the case prior to making an utterance.Speakers, not sentences, have presuppositions. An entailment is something that logically follows from what is asserted in the utterance. Sentences, not speakers, have entailments.For each of the following utterances decide what the speakers presuppose? (15 points.3 pointsfor each item)Example: We regret telling him.Presupposition: We told him.1. He didn’t realize she was ill.2. Did you tell him the bad news?3. Stop being lazy.4. Where did you buy the computer?5. It isn’t strange that he left early.VI. Translation:1. Translate the following into English (20 points)语用学是研究说话人传达的意图和听话人理解的含义的一门学问。

考研英语二2007年真题Section1ICloze(10points)Directions：Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage．therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B, CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETwithapenc il．Advancingagemeanslosingyourhair,yourwaistlineandyourmemory，right?DanaDenisisjust40yearsold，22．ughC.blameD.criticize23．A.muchB.littleC.moreD.less24．A.sinceB.forC.byD.because25．A.memoryB.mindC.troubleD.health26．A.disorganizingB.misplacingC.puttingD.finding27．A.swiftlyB.frequentlyC.timelyD.quickly28．A．matureB.advanceC.ageD.grow29．A.brokenB.poorC.perfectD.working30．rmation31．A.whyB.howC.whatD.when32．A.sinceB.henceC.thatD.although33．A.irregularB.betterC.normalD.worse34．A.famousB.seniorC.popularD.trained35．A.asB.tillC.thoughD.yet36．A.stagesB.stepsC.advantagesD.purposes37．A.makesB.takesC.doesD.spends38．eC.workD.study39．A.toB.forC.onD.in40．A.soB.orC.andD.ifanguagescouldsustaintheirculturalandlinguisticintegrityalongsidegloballanguage s,ratherthanyieldtothehomogenizing（同化的）forcesofglobalization.Ironically,thetrendoftechnologicalinnovationthathasthreatenedminoritylang uagescouldalsohelpsavethem.Forexample,someexpertspredictthatcomputersoftw aretranslationtoolswillonedaypermitminoritylanguagespeakerstobrowsetheInter netusingtheirnativetongues.Linguistsarecurrentlyusingcomputer-aidedlearningtoolstoteachavarietyofthreate nedlanguages.Formanyendangeredlanguages,thelinebetweenrevivalanddeathisextremelyt nguageisremarkablyresilient（有活力的）,however.Itisnotjustatoolforcommunicating,butalsoapowerfulwayofseparati ngdifferentgroups,orofdemonstratinggroupidentity.Manyindigenous（原生的，土着的）communitieshaveshownthatitispossibletoliveinthemodernworldwhilereclaimingt heiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage.41.Minoritylanguagescanbebestpreservedin__________. A．anincreasinglyinterconnectedworld B．maintainingsmallnumbersofspeakerslongwaitsandwastedmoney.InGermanythenewchancellor,AngelaMerkel,isunderf ireforsuggestingchangingthefinancingofitshealthsystem.Canada'snewConservati vePrimeMinister,StephenHarper,madeabigfussduringtheelectionaboutreducingt hecountry'slengthymedicalqueues.Acrosstherichworld,affluence,ageingandadvan cingtechnologyaredrivinguphealthspendingfasterthanincome.ButnowherehasabiggerhealthproblemthanAmerica.Soaringmedicalbillsares queezingwages,swellingtheranksoftheuninsuredandpushinghugefirmsandperhap seventhegovernmenttowardsbankruptcy.Ford'sannouncementthisweekthatitwou ldcutupto30.000jobsby2012wasasmuchasignofit's"legacy"health-carecostsasoftheillsofthecarindustry.Pushedbypollsthatshowhealthcareisoneofhismaindomesticp roblemsandbyforecastsshowingthattheretiringbaby-boomers(生育高峰期出生的人)willcrushthegovernment'sfinances,GeorgeBushistounveilareform;planinnextweek'sstate-of-the-unionaddress.America'shealthsystemisunlikeanyother.TheUniteStatesspends16%ofitsGD Ponhealth,aroundtwicetherich-countryaverage,equivalentto$6,280foreveryAmeri caneachyear.Yetitistheonlyrichcountrythatdoesnotguaranteeuniversalhealthcove rage.Thankstoanaccidentofhistory,mostAmericansreceivehealthinsurancethroug htheiremployer,withthegovernmentpickingupthebillforthepoorandtheelderly.Thiscurioushybrid（混合物）B.hasmadeprofitsfromitshealth-carelegacyC.hasaccumulatedtooheavyahealth-careburdenD.owesagreatdealofdebttoitsemployees48.Intheauthor'sopinion,America'shealthsystemis_________.A.inefficientB.feasibleC.unpopularD.successful49.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat_________.A.America'shealthsystemhasitsstrengthsandweaknessesB.theUSgovernmentpaysmedicalbillsforthepoorandtheelderlyC.some46millionAmericansdonothavemedicalinsuranceD.EuropeansbenefitalotfromAmerica'smedicalresearch50.fromthelastparagraphwemaylearnthatthe"socializedmedicine"is___________ _.A.apracticeofCanadaandEuropeB.apolicyadoptedbytheUSgovernmentC.intendedfortheretiringbaby-boomersD.administeredbyprivateenterprisesQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage:WhenThomasKeller,oneofAmerica'sforemostchefs,announcedthatonSept.I hewouldabolishthepracticeoftippingatPerSe.hisluxuryrestaurantinNewYorkCity,becomingmoreineverykindofrestaurantabovethelevelofagreasyspoon,hasruinedw hatevereffectvotingwithyourtipmighthavehadonanindividualwaiter.Inanunreaso nableoutcome,youarepunishingthegoodwaitersintherestaurantbynottippingtheba done.Indeed,thereappeartobelittleconnectionbetweentippingandgoodservice.51.ItmaybeinferredthataEuropean-styleservice______.A.istipping-freeB.chargeslittletipC.istheauthor'sinitiativeD.isofferedatPer-se52.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor.A.Tippingisacommonpracticeintherestaurantworld.B.Waitersdon'tcareabouttippingC.Customersgenerallybelieveintipping.D.Tippinghaslittleconnectionwiththequalityofservice.53.AccordingtoMichaelLynn'sstudies,waiterswilllikelygetmoretipsifthey______A.haveperformedgoodserviceB.frequentlyrefillcustomers'waterglassC.wincustomers'favorD.servecustomersofthesamesex54.Wemayinferfromthecontextthat"upwelling"(Line2,Para6)probablymeans___ _____andin-classworkwereborderlinepassing.IquestionedthepersonregardinghisessayandhesworeitI'dunderstandthiscop ywouldnothavethetimeandattentionanout-of-classpaperisgiven,buthehadalreadya finishedpiecesoheunderstoodwhatwasasked.Hesatonehour,thenturnedinpartofap ageofunskilledwritingandfaultylogic.Iconfrontedhimwithbothessays."Ipromise….,I'mnotlying.IsweartoyouthatIwrotetheessay.I'mjustnervoustoday."TheheadoftheEnglishdepartmentagreedwithmyfinding,andthemeetingwitht hedeanhadtheboy'sparentspresent.Afteranhourofdiscussion,touchingoneightofth eboy'spreviousessaysandhisgrade-pointaverage,whichindicatedhewasalreadyonacademicprobation（留校察看）,thedeanagreedthatthestudenthadplagiarized.Hisparentsprotested,"He'sonly achild"andweinstructorsarewiserandshouldbecompassionate.Collegepeopleareno treallychildrenandmosttimeswouldresentbeinglabeledassuch….Exceptinthisunco mfortablecircumstance.56.Accordingtotheauthor,studentscommitplagiarismmainlyfor_____. A．moneyB．degreeC．higherGPAD．reputation57.thesentence"Oncethesituationisbehindus,soarethepromises'impliesthat______ ___.A．studentsusuallykeeptheirpromiseshelongperiodfromtheearlydaysontheIndustrialRevolutiontomoderntimes,muchof thegrowthinproductivityandmaterialwealthintheindustrialnationscamenotjustfro mcreativeinventionslikethesteamengine,butfromthewidespreadapplicationof"coo kinginquantity"businessmethodslikemassivedivisionoflabor,concentrationofasset s,verticalintegrationandeconomiesofscale.Butthosemethodsthemselveswerecreati vedevelopments.。

理综）至于理综，我所说过的中考有很强的规律性，理综方面体现的最明显！尤其是物理和化学，规律性极强，好好研究中考题，一定会得到质的飞跃，没什么好说的！但生物不好说，因为生物知识点太多，太碎，尽一切可能好好背知识点吧，生物把知识点背好了，想打低分都难！此外物理的大题与数学不同，物理的大题步骤分很多，结果反而占不了多少分，不会做的题写公式都能得不少分，至于怎样多抓采分点，你们的老师会花费大量时间反复给你们讲的，认真听就可以了，但答物理大题时，可千万别用我教你们的唬数学批卷老师的方法，批物理大题因为步骤与公式占分比重太大，老师会看你步骤的！千万注意！（英语）最后一科都是考英语吧，首先问大家一个问题，英语考题中哪道题初中三年老师讲得最多？没有悬念，是单项选择吧，而单项选择在英语考试中占得比例又是多少那？你们心里肯定是最清楚的！所以说，千万别把精力浪费在单选上面太多！而且还有一点你们应该知道，我国的英语教学趋势是忽视语法，重视词汇与能力！四级考试目前已经没有语法题了，单选已经全是词汇题了，中考单选中语法题也必然越来越少！而词汇题越来越多，不信你们可以问你们的英语老师，这是我国英语教学的趋势！所以你们千万不要把大量的时间浪费在语法上！不如好好的背一背单词！此外有句话不知你们听没听过“得阅读完形者得天下”这句话，这句话自从我国有了英语教学开始一直流传到现在，没有人会质疑这句话，阅读与完型在英语考试中起了决定性作用，我中考单选错了七个，阅读错了1个，完型错2个，而我的同学单选错3个，阅读错3个，完型错4个，差距不就这样被拉开了吗！（答案）此外英语也有个常识，完形填空20个选项，ABCD一定都是5个！你们可以自己翻一番往年中考题，真的。

完形填空做到最后有一两个不会的可以查一下选项个数（我就是最后有两个不会的，一查发现A5个B4个C5个D4个，结果两道题我一个选B另一选D，结果两道题蒙串了，错了两个）（笔记）顺便告诉大家一个习惯，我不知道你们记不记笔记？反正我是没记过，因为我看我们同学有不少平时非常认真的记笔记，每科都有一大本甚至两大本，但问题是你们有时间看吗？或者说记得东西以后都用得到吗？如果不是的话，那为何要浪费时间那？剩下的时间多背一些单词多好。