it语法专题练习
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语法专题：it的用法，强调句及倒装句
考点1：it的用法及形主，形宾的特殊句式结构
1. It + be + 形容词+主语从句，如：
It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.
注意：在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ”中，that 后的从句中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形 (虚拟语气) [例句] It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
2. It + be + 名词词组 + 主语从句，这类名词有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour，a question等，如：It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
3. It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句，这类过去分词有：announced, believed, expected, hoped,
decided, reported, said等，如： It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
注意： It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded... ) that ...
该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令．．．）
It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.
4. It + 不及物动词(seem, appear似乎, happen碰巧，turns out结果等) + 主语从句, 这类不及物动词有：appear, happen, seem等 如：It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth.
5. It + be + 形容词 + 动词不定式该句型如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度等情况的形容词。
常见的形容词有： important，necessary，natural，easy，safe，common，normal，hard dangerous，unusual，rare，impossible，pleasant等。
6. It + be + 形容词 + (of sb.) + 动词不定式，这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，如：kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate，bad，brave，
careless，clever，cruel ，good（好心的），honest，horrible，lazy，modest 等
7. It + be +名词词组 + 动词不定式，如： It is not a good habit to stay up too late.
8. It + be + 名词或形容词 + 动名词，这类名词和形容词常常是：good, no good, no use, a
waste of, useless, senseless等，如：It’s a waste of time talking to her any more.
9.It + take ( sb. )+ 时间（金钱）+ 动词不定式，如：It took the workers almost three years to finish
building the dam.
10. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill.
11. It is time ( about time ，high time ) that ...该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省，常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂
It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed.
12. It is the first ( second ... ) time that ...如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换．常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。
It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here
13. It is .... since ...该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题，主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 2
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It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died.
14. It is no good (use ) doing sth.
15. It doesn’t matter whether ( if ) ...该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为 “不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。 It doesn’t matter if they are old.
16. It is ... when ...该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译为＂当．．．的时候，是．．．＂ It was 5 o’clock when he came here.
17. It be ... before ...该句型主句中的 it 指时间，主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long，not long，3 days，2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为＂．．．之后．．．＂
t was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job.
18. It looks ( seems ) as if ...该句型中it无意义， as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，＂看起来好象．．．＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。
It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病）
19．It (never) occurs / occurred to sb to do sth. 某人突然（从未）想到做某事
It (never) occurs / occurred to sb that 某人突然（从未）想到
20．It remains to be seen --------- ---------有待观察
练习： 1. 今天天气晴朗。
2. 今天是星期二。
3. 学校到我家10分钟的步行路程。
4.我有一本字典，它使我聪明。
5 我没有字典，你能借我一本吗？
6.对我们来说学一门外语是必要的。
7.经常帮助同学她真是太好了。
8.据说杰克已经通过了考试。
9.她发现用英语回答这问题很难。
10.我认为他不去上学是错误的。
考点2：强调结构
(1)it is/was„that„强调句型。(不能强调谓语动词)
(2)do, does, did强调谓语。(只强调一般现在时和一般过去时的谓语动词)
判断：若去掉it is/was和that三个词，句子依然成立，就是强调句型。
考点3倒装句式
倒装也有可能在语法填空中考，特别是完全倒装，要求考生填助词do或be的某种形式；完全倒装若考的话，可能结合谓语动词的时态及主谓一致进行考查。若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填表示强调或倒装3
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的助动词(do, does, did等)。构成部分倒装的条件是：
(1)否定词开头的句子用部分倒装；
(2)only加状语放在句首时的部分倒装；
(3)So/Neither do I之类部分倒装句；
(4)省略if的虚拟条件句用部分倒装；
(5)So„that中的主句用部分倒装；
(6)not only„but also„中的not only句用部分倒装。
练习：一．语法填空：
1. Only if you eat the correct foods ______ you be able to keep fit and stay healthy. (江苏)
2. Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and neither ______ I. (辽宁)
3. Not until the motorbike looked almost new ______ he stop repairing and cleaning it. (陕西)
4. Little ______ he realize that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his
own way in this business. (安徽)
5. So successful ___ her business that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere. (陕西)
6. Only then ______ she realize how much damage had been caused. (陕西)
7. ____ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. (浙江)
