最新苏教版初中英语8下U4知识点讲解

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精品文档 精品文档 8B Unit4 A good read Comic strip&Welcome to the unit 1. Have you decided what to do with these books? 你已经决定怎样处理这些书了吗? do with意思是:“对付,处理”,相当于及物动词,在特殊疑问句中,do with 与what 搭配使用。 例:What do you do with this problem? 你怎样处理这个问题? 拓展:deal with也意为“对付, 处理”,用于特殊疑问句中,与how 搭配使用。 例:I don’t know how to deal with the problem. 我不知道怎样处理这个问题。 2. I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge.我得用它们来够冰箱上的书。 1)use sth. to do sth.意思是:“用某物来做某事”, 也可用为use sth. for (doing) sth.。被动语态为:sth. be used to do sth. 例:We use computers to play games.= Computers are used to play games. 我们用电脑玩游戏。 2)reach 为及物动词,意为“够到,到达” I’m too short to reach the apple on the tree. 我太矮了,够不着树上的苹果。 3. They improve my knowledge of the past. 它们提高我对过去的认识。 Knowledge是名词,意为“知识,认知,学问”,后可接of的短语作定语或that从句作同位语,表示关于某方面的知识或对某人或某事的了解或理解,此时knowledge前须加定冠词the。 例:He is poor in money, but rich in knowledge. 他贫于金钱,但富于学问。 She has a rich knowledge of Chinese history. 她对中国的历史了解很深。 4. What do you like to do in your spare time? 你空闲时间喜欢干什么? Spare是形容词,意为“空闲的,多余的” 例:How do you spend your spare time? 你怎样度过你的空余时间? 拓展:spare也可作为动词,意思是:为…留出,匀出 例:Please spare some time for your hobbies. 请为你的爱好留出一点时间。

Reading

1. After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could. 在我们的船触礁以后,我尽可能远地向前游。 1) against是介词,意思是:靠着、顶着、迎着、衬着, 例:The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。 The red flag looks very bright against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。 2) as far as 意为:与…一样远、一直到,在否定句中也可写为 so far as, 例:We walked as far as the river. 我们一直走到河边。 拓展:as far as也可表示为“就…而言, 从…来看, 尽…所能” 例:We’ll help you as far as it is possible. 我们会尽可能帮助你。 2. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out. 我能感觉到陆地在我的脚下,我已经精疲力竭了。 Be tired out 意思是:疲倦,精疲力竭 例:Those players were tired out after the fierce match. 那些队员在那场激烈的比赛之后感到精疲力竭了。 拓展:be tired of 对...感到厌倦; be tired with 因...而疲劳 例: I am tired of living aboard. 我厌烦了国外的生活。 精品文档 精品文档 He was tired with climbing that steep hill.我爬那座陡山爬累了. 3. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.它在我肚子和脖子上移动直到它站在离我脸很近的地方。 until 意思是“直到”,表示某一种动作一直持续到某一时间。用在肯定句中,句子的谓语动词必须用延续性动词。Not…until意为“直到…才”,表示直到某一时间,某一动作才发生,之前该动作并没有发生。用在否定句中,主句中的谓语动词通常是短暂性动词。 例:I studied English until 9 o’clock last night. 昨晚我学英语直到九点钟。(表示九点前一直在学) I didn’t leave until 9 o’clock last night. 我昨晚直到九点钟才离开。(表示九点才离开) 4. He was the same size as my little finger. 他和我的小手指一样大。 the same…as…意思是“与…一样…”,这里as 是连词。例: My dress is the same color as yours. 我的长裙和你的颜色一样。 拓展:the same as…意思是“与…一样” 例: This answer must be a crib: it's exactly the same as Jones's. 这个答案可能是抄袭来的,跟琼斯的答案一模一样。 5. However, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body. 但是,他们很快又起身,并继续在我身上移动。 continue意思是“继续”,指动作或状态的继续或持续不中断。可以表示一件事一直在做,中间没有停歇;也可以表示中间有一个中断,接着又做下去,可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词。后可以加名词、动名词、不定式或that从句。 例:She looked up for a moment, then continued drawing. 她抬头看了一下,然后继续画画。 6. I did not know what to say either. I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.我也不知道说什么。我尽量空出一只手并且最终设法弄断了绳子。 1) either是副词,用于否定句中作“也”解释,通常置于句末。Either还可以用来强调否定含义的短语。 例:I don’t like the red shirt and I don’t like the green either. 我不喜欢这件红色衬衫我也不喜欢这件绿色的。 As for me, I shall not return there either. 如果是我,我也不会回到那儿去。 拓展:either用作代词,意为“(两者之中)任一、任何一个”,在句中作主语时谓语动词用单数,用作定语时,只能修饰单数名词。 例:Either of the books is popular with the students. 两本书中任何一本都受到学生的欢迎。 2) manage意为“设法完成,管理”,名词为management 例:How did you manage to get their approval? 你怎样得到他们同意的? Under strict management, his business gained ground. 在严格的管理下, 他的生意有了起色.

Grammar

1. 疑问词+不定式(to do) 疑问词有疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose和疑问副词when, where, how, why。此外,连接词whether也适用。 “疑问词+不定式”结构有下列五种功能: ⑴当主语,如: When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided. 何时开会还没有定下来。 Where to live is a problem. 住哪里是个问题。 ⑵当宾语,如: 精品文档 精品文档 We must know what to say at a meeting. 我们必须知道在会上说些什么。 He could not tell whom to trust. 他无法分辨该信任谁。 ⑶当表语,如: The problem is where to find the financial aid. 问题是到哪找到财政援助。 ⑷当名词同位语,如: Tom had no idea which book to read first. 汤姆不知道先读哪本书。 ⑸当宾语补足语,如: Jim is not sure whose to choose. 吉姆不确定选择谁的。 Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not. 玛丽和约翰不确定是否要结婚。 适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括: know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder, understand等。

有点值得特别注意的是:当这结构当宾语时,它的作用等于名词分句,例如: I could not decide which dictionary to buy. = I could not decide which dictionary I should buy. 我不能决定买哪本字典。 Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher.= Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher. 杰克不知道到哪能找到这样一个好老师。 有些动词,如ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach等,可以先有个宾语,然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构。例如: Have you told him where to get the application form? 你告诉他哪里领申请表了吗? 2. must和have to的用法。 区别1:must多表示主观需要或责任感的驱使有必要或有义务去做某事,多译为“必须”,而have to多表示客观存在的环境所限,即客观要求(无奈)而为之,多译为“不得不干某事”。 例:I must clean the room because it is too dirty.(无人强迫) 因为太脏了,我必须要打扫房间。 We must be there on time.(责任感的驱使)我们一定准时到达。 I have to do my homework now.(不得不做) 我现在不得不做作业。 I have to leave school because my family is poor now. 因为家里穷了,我不得不退学。 区别2:must没有时态的变化,而have to有时态的变化。例: Daming was hurt. The doctor said he had to stay in hospital for about two weeks. His father has to go to take care of him. 大明受伤了。医生说他大概得住院两周,他的父亲得去照顾他。 We don’t have to go to school on Sundays. 星期天我们不必上学。 区别3:must的否定为mustn’t,多表示“禁令”。 例:No! You mustn’t turn left! You must turn right into The Strand. 不!你不能向左转!你应该向右转进入到strand中。 由must引起的疑问句,肯定回答要用must或have to,否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to,意思是“不必”;此用法在中考中的单选题中容易出现! 例:1)—Must I finish my homework before eight o’clock?—Yes, you must. 我必须要在8点之前完成作业吗?是的,必须。