动词及动词短语
概述
动词（verb）一般就是用来表示动作或状态的词。
动词一般在句中担任谓语的成分
一实意动词：能独立做谓语的动词就是实意动词。主要包括及物动词和不及物动词。
1.及物动词—Transitive Verb （vt）
本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意义完整。
seat , injure ,accept , finish , cover, defeat, put, give, post, sell, buy ,consider, advise, hear…..
例句：It is hard to change ourselves.
2.不及物动词—Intransitive Verb（vi）
本身意义完整，不需要接宾语，如需加宾语，通常先加介词再加宾语。
Listen, look,Come , go , arrive , sit , swim, cry, stand , run ,fail, happen, take place, break out , occur, come true,exist…
改错：1）Look the blackboard! 2）I like listening music. 3)
3.系动词：连接主语和表语的动词。
特点：它本身有词义，但不能单独做谓语，后面须跟表语一起构成复合谓语。表示主语的身份（I am a teacher.）,类别（It is a book）,特征（She is beautiful）和状态( The door is open)等。
分三类：
1)表示一个特征或状态：be , taste, look , feel , sound, seem, appear
He looks very happy. The food tastes delicious
2)表示变成某种状态：make , turn , get, come , grow, run , prove , become ,turn out , go
The leaves turn yellow in autumn.
It becomes colder and colder
3)表示保持某种状态：keep, remain , continue, lie ,stay
Staycalm when you are in danger.当你处于危险的时候保持冷静。
注意：形容词后要跟形容词做表语。
4助动词：协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词，助动词用来构成时态和语态。
最常用的助动词有：be , have, has , do , does , did , shall, will , would , should等
I am doing my homework.
He doesn’t like English.
I have studied French for 3 years.
4.大多数动词都有四种形式：现在时，过去式，过去分词，现在分词
动词现在时第三人称单数的构成规则
规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则
不规则动词的过去式和过去分词要专门记忆
规则动词现在分词的构成
The students are hoping to go for a walk in the afternoon.
动词词组：动词+ 介词
Care for , ask for ,depend on , laugh at , get through
例句：Ask for help when you are in danger.
动词词组：动词+名词+介词
Pay attention to , make use of , take pride in , have faith in , take part in , catch hold of ,show interest in
例句：You should pay attention to the rules in the library.
注意：不能拆分
动词词组：be动词+ 形容词+ 介词
Be angry with; be famous for , be satisfied with, be interested in ，be good for
例句：She is satisfied with her students