固定安装板设计说明书

固定床列管式反应器的设计◆乙烯法合成乙酸乙烯的原理 (2)一、催化剂 (2)1. 催化剂的组成 (2)2. 催化剂的制备 (2)3. 催化剂物性 (2)二、反应方程 (2)三、工艺条件的确定 (3)1、反应温度 (3)2、反应压力 (3)3、原料配比 (3)◆乙烯法合成乙酸乙烯反应器的设计计算 (4)一、设计选材 (4)二、设计数据和工作参数 (4)三、反应器进出物料组成 (4)四、基本物性数据 (5)1、相对分子质量 (5)2、密度 (5)3、黏度 (5)4、比热容 (6)五、反应器的数学模型 (6)1、床层对外的径向换热项 (6)2、动力学方程 (6)3、浓度分布方程 (7)4、温度分布方程 (7)5、数学模型方程参数 (7)6、数学模型计算及其结果 (8)六、反应管排布 (9)七、气体分布板设计 (9)1、气体分布板的形式 (9)2、分布板的压降 (9)3、板厚 (11)4、孔数和孔径的确定 (11)八、壳程换热 (12)1) 换热介质进出口结构 (12)2) 换热介质 (12)3) 折流板型式 (12)九、管口设计 (12)1、反应物进口 (12)2、产物出口 (13)3、换热介质进口 (13)4、换热介质出口 (13)十、预热器 (13)十一、封头 (13)十二、支座 (13)◆附录一 (14)◆参考文献 (16)◆乙烯法合成乙酸乙烯的原理一、催化剂[6]选用Bayer-I型催化剂1.催化剂的组成：●活性组分——钯、金：组分金的作用是防止活性组分钯产生氧化凝聚，使钯在载体上维持良好的分散状态。

●助催化剂——乙酸钾：乙酸钾的存在有助于反应组分乙酸在钯金属上缔合，促进物理吸附的乙酸的离解和释放氢离子，使钯－氧间的键结合力减弱，促使乙酸钯的分解；此外，还可抑制深度氧化反应，从而提高了反应的选择性。

●载体——硅胶：承载活性组分及助催化剂，使其在载体表面上呈高度分散状态。

2.催化剂的制备：●结构：μ；中间的第二层是一层黑Bayer-I型催化剂为球星颗粒，最外面的第一层是灰色的表皮层，厚度约为100mμ；最里面的第三层是载体硅胶，呈浅土黄色。

目录一、设计任务书二、电动机的选择三、传动装置的运动和动力参数计算四、传动件设计与计算五、高速轴的设计与计算六、中间轴的设计与计算七、低速轴的设计与计算八、键的选择以及校核九、轴承的校核十、润滑方式及密封方式的选择十一、设计总结十二、参考资料一、设计任务书设计带式运输机传动装置（简图如下）1——电动机2——联轴器3——二级圆柱齿轮减速器4——联轴器原始数据：数据编号 4钢绳拉力F/kN 15钢绳速度v/(m/min) 10卷筒直径D/mm 3801.工作条件：间歇工作，每班工作不超过15%，每次工作不超过10min，满载启动，工作中有中等震动，两班制工作，钢绳速度允许误差±5，设计寿命10年。

2.加工条件：生产20台，中等规模机械厂，可加工7-8级齿轮。

3.设计工作量：（1）减速器的装配图A0一张（2）零件图A4二张。

（3）设计说明书1份（打印）。

1510/min380NF KN v mD mm===为减速器的传动比，i为高速级传动比，六、中间轴的设计与计算1.已知条件：中间轴传递的功率22.73p kw = 转速3211.94/min n r = 齿轮分度圆直径2346.4d mm = 368d mm = 齿宽252b mm = 374b mm =2.选择轴的材料因传递的功率不打，并对重量及结构尺寸无特殊要求，故由表7-4选用的材料45钢调质处理 硬度220HBS, 查表得650b Mpa σ= 再查表13-2得 许用弯曲应力[]60b Mpa σ-= 3. 初算轴径查表13-1得107~118c 值在范围内 则()333min 3 2.73107~11824.61~27.14211.94p d c mm n ≥=⨯= 4.结构设计(1)轴的结构构想图。

1(2)设计轴的各段轴径与确定轴承该段轴上安装轴承，其审计应与轴承的选择同步,考虑齿轮有轴向力存在，选用角七、低速轴的设计与计算1.材料的选择 选用45钢正火处理 600b Mpa σ= 硬度210HBS 55b Mpa σ-=2.按扭转强度估算轴径根据表13-1查得107~118c =又由表12-2查得33 2.52(107~118)(42.8~47.2)41.48P d c mm n ≥== 考虑到轴的最小直径处要安装联轴器会有键槽存在，故将估算直径加大3%-5%则取(45~50)mm ，取50d mm =，选用的联轴器为HL4 3.设计轴的结构并绘制草图八、键的选择及校核1.高速轴键的选取与校核轴与联轴器的连接，选用一个普通平键，根据轴上的尺寸查资料[1]表10-1初选定为b h⨯87⨯50L=mm键、轴、轮毂的材料都是45钢由资料[3]表6-2查得许用挤压应力100120 p MPaσ⎡⎤=⎣⎦，取平均值110p MPaσ⎡⎤=⎣⎦，轴上用于连接联轴器的键的工作长度为8504622bl L mm=-=-=键与轮毂键槽的接触高度0.50.57 3.5k h mm==⨯=，130d mm =由公式3112219.31083.54630p p TMPakldσσ⨯⨯⎡⎤===<⎣⎦⨯⨯故此键满足工作要求键槽的接键与轮毂键槽的接触高度键与轮毂键槽的接触高度1410093-=2。

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第八章 装配型架的设计
§8.3 装配型架的构造---型架结构分解、分解设计过程
1、骨架
不设整体骨架，各个定位 夹紧件固定在以车间地基 为基础的分散的金属骨架 上。 地基与工件热膨胀系数差 值大。
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第八章 装配型架的设计
§8.3 装配型架的构造---型架结构分解、分解设计过程
1、骨架
整体底座式（多支点可调支撑） 降低了对地基的要求，浮动结构可搬移，底座采用铝与工件热膨胀基本一致，缺 点是费料。
9
第八章 装配型架的设计
§8.2 装配型架设计的一般问题
原始资料—内容和步骤—基准的选择—装配对象的放置状态—选择工件的定位--出架方式—温度—型架基础
一、原始资料；
• 型架设计任务单：型架功用、数量、与其它型架的关系。（工装申请单）
•
装配件的结构图纸与技术条件：熟悉产工品作令结：X1构0111特7-1 点和装配精工装度申、请协单调互换。（QR M075B14-D1 XD数QZ 模）
§8.3 装配型架的构造---型架结构分解、分解设计过程
2、型架定位件和夹紧件 二、外形定位件及夹紧件
卡板：本体结构，端头，吊挂和平衡配 重，内卡板、外卡板
卡板
外卡板 内卡板 半卡板 活动卡板
分类
内型卡板
包络板
型架平板
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第八章 装配型架的设计
§8.3 装配型架的构造---型架结构分解、分解设计过程
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第八章 装配型架的设计
§8.3 装配型架的构造---型架结构分解、分解设计过程
1、骨架 目前采用简化计算和计算机软件数值计算相结合的方法
一、组合式型架骨架的刚度验算 • 纵梁假设为双简支梁，当考虑纵梁受扭时，简化为双固支梁 • 标准立柱的截面计算

Joining Methods - Flanges & Mechanical Grooved CouplingsJoining Method - Flanged ConnectionsCPVC and PVC flanges are available in several designs, including solid one- piece flanges, two-piece Van Stone style flanges featuring a movable ring for bolt alignment, and blind flanges for capping off a piping run. CPVC and PVC flanges are available in socket, spigot and threaded configurations and arecoupling devices designed for joining IPS (Iron Pipe Size) plastic piping systems where frequent disassembly may be required. Flanges can be used as a transitional fitting for joining plastic to metal piping systems, and for connection to other flanged type valves and equipment. A flat gasket is used between flanges to form a water-tight seal. Proper gasket material should be selected forfluid compatibility. Most plastic flanges carry a maximum working pressure rating of 150 psi non-shock for water at 73° F (23° C). Pressure ratings may vary according to size and flange construction. Consult flange manufacturer.GasketsSelect appropriate size and bolt pattern gasket. Full faced, 1/8" thick elastomer flat gaskets with a Shore "A" Durometer of approximately 70 (±5) are recommended. A full-face flat gasket should cover the entire flange face but not obstruct the waterway. Verify that the gasket material is chemically compatible for use with the application fluid conveyed through the system.Low Torque Double Convex Design Full Face GasketsLow torque-style gaskets require up to 50% less torque to achieve a leak-free seal. When using this type of gasket in combination with Spears ® flanges be sure to follow the torque recommendations from the low torque gasket manufacturer. Over-torquing a low torque gasket may cause damage to the flange.DO NOT USE: Spiral wound, ring, kammprofile, corrugated metal gaskets, non- asbestos or cork gaskets.Bolt Patterns & Fastener SelectionMost PVC and CPVC flanges are produced with ANSI B16.5 bolt patterns for Class 125/150 flanges. Optional Class 300 bolt patterns (NOT a 300psi rating), certain ANSI/Metric dual pattern flanges, and metric bolt patterns can be produced. Proper bolt size, number and length should be selected for the specific flanges and equipment being assembled. Bolt length requirements will vary according to the flange or equipment manufacturer. Spears ® offers bolt packs (HK series) for use with Spears ® flange to flange assemblies.Bolts: To ensure minimal friction use a zinc-plated grade 5 bolt or stud of suitable length in accordance with ASME B18.2.1 to accommodate (2) flange thicknesses, (2) washers and (1) 1/8" full face gasket thickness.Nuts: Use grade 5 zinc-plated hex nuts in accordance with ASME B18.2.2. Orient nut so flat side contacts flange surface.Washers: Always use (2) wide flat washers for each bolt, one under the bolt head and one under the nut. Use flat, zinc-plated steel (Plate type) grade 5 washers in accordance with ASME B18.21. 1 (Do not use thin "fender" washers).Important: Stainless steel fasteners can be used. Be sure to use a compatible anti-seize lubricant to eliminate galling.Bolt Preparation & TorqueThreads should be cleaned and well lubricated. Apply a liberal amount of a chemically compatible copper-graphite anti-seize bolt lubricant to each bolt thread. Use a lubricant with a K factor (nut factor) of 0.15. Adequate application of thread lubricant is indicated by lubricant extrusion from the threaded joint as the nut is tightened. (WARNING: Use only bolt lubricants compatible with PVC or CPVC material).Hand tighten all nuts until they are snug prior to torquing flange bolts. Using a calibrated torque wrench accurate to within ± 1ft-lb. tighten each bolt in approximately 5 ft-lb. increments using a 180° opposing sequence. Follow thenumbers sequence engraved next to each Spears ® flange bolt hole or consult Torque Sequence - Table 1 information. Actual field conditions may requirevariations in these recommendations. UNNECESSARY OVER-TORQUING WILL DAMAGE THE FLANGE. Torque should always be applied in approximately 5 ft-lb. increments using a 180° opposing sequence. Flange Make-upFollow proper solvent cementing and/or threaded component procedures as applicable to join the flange to the pipe. Once a flange is joined to pipe, the method for joining two flanges is as follows:1. Piping runs joined to the flanges must be installed in a straight-line position to the flange to avoid stress at the flange due to misalignment. Piping must also be secured and supported to prevent lateral movement which can create stress anddamage the flange.Proper AlignmentImproper Alignment2. With full face gasket in place, align the bolt holes of the mating flanges by rotating the ring into position with a Van Stone style flange or by rotating the pipe assembly with a one-piece flange installed.3. Insert all bolts, washers (two standard flat washers per bolt), and nuts.4. Make sure the faces of the mating surfaces are flush against gasket prior tobolting down the flanges.5. Tighten all nuts by hand until they are snug. Establish uniform pressure over the flange face by tightening the bolts in 5 ft.-lb. increments according to the torque values shown in the following table using a 180° opposing sequence. Make sure that there are at least two (2) exposed threads beyond the nut upon final tightening.NOTE: Thermoplastic materials relax over time. Re-torquing may be necessary 24 hours after initial tightening.Unsupported Flange Connectionsto other Equipment For flange connections assembled to raised face flanges, appurtenances and/or equipment such as flow meters, expansion joints or wafer style butterfly valves where the flange face is not supported in direct contact with the mating flange, care must be taken to avoid "bending" the flange. Do not use bolts to bringtogether improperly mated flanges. Listed bolt torque may cause deformation or cracking from these types of connections since the flange is not fully supported by the mating flange. For unsupported flange connections start with approximately two-thirds (2/3) of the listed maximum torque and increase as necessary to make the system leak-free after pressure testing.Important: Be sure to contact the appurtenance or equipment manufacturer for recommendations regarding use of plastic flanges with their products.Made in the U.S.A.Suitable for Oil-Free air handling to 25 psi, not for distribution of compressed air or gasSee MSRP-1 Sheet or Check Spears ®Page 32Joining Methods - Flanges & Mechanical Grooved CouplingsBolt Kit Selection GuideBolt Hardware Kits Available For Connection of 2-Spears ®Flanges Includes Bolts, Nuts & Flat Washers for Specified Flange SizeOrder Gaskets & Bolt Kits Separately • Pre-coated, Anti-seize Lubricated Bolts• Available in Zinc Coated Steel, Type 316 Stainless Steel or Type 304 Stainless SteelPage 33Suitable for Oil-Free air handling to 25 psi, not for distribution of compressed air or gasSpears ® Manufacturing CompanySee MSRP-1 Sheet or Check Spears ®****************************.comforPricingRecommended Flange Bolt Torque for Plastic FlangesFlange Size (in.)No. of Bolt HolesBolt Dia. (in.)1Min. Bolt Length (in.)1Torque ft.-lb.21/241/22123/441/2212141/22-1/4121-1/441/22-1/4121-1/241/22-1/212245/83252-1/245/83-1/425345/83-1/425485/83-1/225683/4440883/44-1/24010127/856412127/8595141216110161616-1/211018161-1/86-1/2110203201-1/85-1/2110243201-1/45-1/2110Note:1.Minimum bolt length is based on connecting two (2) Spears ® flanges, two (2) flat washers, gasket and nut. Adjustments will need to be made to accommodate valves and otherequipment.2.Bolt torque values based on lubricated bolts & nuts.3.Bolt Length for Spears ® Fabricated 20 inch & 24 inch Flanges with Plastic Rings.Torque Sequence - Table 1Bolt torque sequence is shown below.Flange Size Bolts* Per KitDiameter (in.-TPI)Length (in.)Zinc Kit Part Number316 SSc Kit Part Number304 SSc 1/23/4 & 11-1/4 & 1-1/222-1/2346810 & 12444444888121/2 - 131/2 - 131/2 - 135/8 - 115/8 - 115/8 - 115/8 - 113/4 - 103/4 - 107/8 - 922-1/42-1/233-1/43-1/23-1/244-1/26HK-005HK-010HK-015HK-020HK-025HK-030HK-040HK-060HK-080HK-120HK1-005HK1-010HK1-015HK1-020HK1-025HK1-030HK1-040HK1-060HK1-080HK1-120HK2-005HK2-010HK2-015HK2-020HK2-025HK2-030HK2-040HK2-060HK2-080HK2-120* Each Bolt Includes Nut & Two (2) Flat WashersJoining Methods - Flanges & Mechanical Grooved CouplingsGasket Selection GuideFollowing Gasket Numbers Available from Spears ®Order Gaskets & Bolt Kits Separately• 1/8" Full-Face design with ANSI Class 150 Bolt Patterns • Pressure rated to 150 psi @ 73°F • Available in Buna-N, EPDM, or FKMFlange Size Bolts Per Kit Gasket Part NumberBuna-N EPDM FKM 1/23/411-1/41-1/222-1/234681012444444448881212GK1-005GK1-007GK1-010GK1-012GK1-015GK1-020GK1-025GK1-030GK1-040GK1-060GK1-080GK1-100GK1-120GK2-005GK2-007GK2-010GK2-012GK2-015GK2-020GK2-025GK2-030GK2-040GK2-060GK2-080GK2-100GK2-120GK3-005GK3-007GK3-010GK3-012GK3-015GK3-020GK3-025GK3-030GK3-040GK3-060GK3-080GK3-100GK3-120Made in the U.S.A.Suitable for Oil-Free air handling to 25 psi, not for distribution of compressed air or gasSee MSRP-1 Sheet or Check Spears ®****************************.comforPricingPage 34Configuration TerminologyMulti-Bolt Pattern Ring - Bolt hole drilling accepts ANSI and Metric Flanges Socket - Slip socket connection for solvent cement welding Spigot - Pipe O.D. connection for solvent welding IPS - Iron Pipe SizeGasketsFull faced, 1/8" thick elastomer gaskets with a Shore "A" Durometer of approximately 70 is recommended.CPVC Flange Sample Engineering SpecificationAll EverTUFF ™ CPVC flanges shall be produced by Spears ® Manufacturing Company from CPVC materials, with a cell classification of 23447 in accordance with ASTM Standard D 1784. All injection-molded flanges shall be designed and manufactured to meet CL150 bolt pattern per ANSI Standard B16.5 and be certified by NSF International for use with potable water service. M851 and M854 series hubs shall accept ASTM IPS pipe. Rings shall be manufactured to accept bolt patterns in ANSI Class 150, B.S. 4504 PN10, B.S. 4504 PN16, B.S. 10 Table E for size 10". Metric Duetsche Industrie Norm (DIN) flange hubs shall accept 3" or 4" ASTM IPS Pipe. Rings shall be manufactured to DIN 8063-4 PN 10 and PN 16 bolt patterns. CPVC CL300 flanges shall accept ASTM IPS Pipe. CL300 rings shall be manufactured to the Class 300 bolt hole pattern from ANSI B16.5 and shall be pressure rated to 150psi @ 73° F.Joining Method - Mechanical Grooved CouplingsIn many installations where transition to metal pipe, or where disassembly is a prime factor, metallic grooved style couplings with gasket seal can be used to join CPVC pipe to alternate IPS size piping materials. In addition to the ease of disassembly, this type of connection also allows for a certain degree of angular adjustment and expansion/contraction. Special rolled-groove pipe can be joined, but easy to use molded Grooved Coupling Adapters then can be solvent cemented to plain end pipe are available for use with metallic grooved couplings.Only flexible style metallic grooved couplings are recommended for use with plastic pipe. Rigid style couplings should not be used as these can provide a compressive/shear load to plastic pipe resulting in failure. Always check the compatibility of the grooved coupling gasket material with the intended application fluids.•NOTE A gasket/joint lubricant is recommended to prevent pinching the gasket and to assist the seating and alignment processes duringassembly of grooved couplings. Certain lubricants may contain a petroleum base or other chemicals, which will cause damage to the plastic pipe, gasket and adapter. Always verify the suitability for use of the selected lubricant with the lubricant manufacturer.。