Discrete ambiguities in the determination of the CP angles

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Figure 1- LFM CW waveform principle
The target range R and the radial velocity V r both cause a frequency shift in the down converted signal denoted as:
In this paper three different radar waveforms are considered for a more general system requirement, to measure target range, radial velocity and azimuth angle simultaneously and unambiguously. The paper is focused on CW based radar systems due to some important advantages in short measurement time and low computation complexity compared with classical pulse radars. It is characteristic for all automotive radar applications that almost always multiple targets will be observed. Therefore, the target resolution properties of the different waveforms play an important role in the system analysis. II. PURE LINEAR FREQUENCY MODULATION CW PRINCIPLE The LFM transmit signal is a classical and well known waveform [7] for many different radar applications. In this case the oscillator sweep and the system bandwidth is described by !Sweep, the chirp duration is called a coherent processing interval (CPI) and is described by T CPl.

Chapter 5 Syntax 句法I. Multiple Choices:1.D. Immediate Constituent2. B. semantic3. A. concord4. A. the future is not expressed by morphological change5. D. substitutability6. C. co-occurrence7. B. Predicate 8.B. syntactic 9. C. self-control10. D. Government 11. D. coordinateII. Fill in the blanks with the most suitable words:1. Cohesion refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.2. A sentence structure that is made up of layers of word groups is called a hierarchical structure.3. Sentences are traditionally assumed to be made up of words in _linear___ direction.4. Provide linguistic terms for the following descriptions.1) a type of relation holding with each other at aparticular place in a structure:2) an operation that moves a phrase category from its original position generated byPS rules to another within a structure: transformation3) the branch of linguistics which studies the rules governing the combination ofwords into sentences: syntaxIII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false in the bracket before each of them:T 1. It is characteristic of Halliday’s theory that more attention is paid to paradigmatic relations than to syntagmatic relations, which is the main concern of Chomsky.F2. Tense and aspect are two important categories of the verb, and they were separated in traditional grammar. (they were not separated in traditional grammar)F 3. Paradigmatic relation in syntax is alternatively called horizontal relation.(Paradigmatic relation is also called vertical relation; horizontal relation is a term for syntagmatic relation.)T 4. All human languages utilize a finite set of discrete units to form an infinite set of possible sentences.F 5. The English sentence "If only I could fly!" is in imperative mood. subjunctivemoodF 6. GOVERNMENT may be defined as the requirement that the form of two or morewords in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other. concordT 7. The SYNTAGMATIC RELATION is a relation between one item and others in a sequence, or between elements which are all present.T 8. The deep structure may be defined the abstract representation of the syntactic properties of a construction, i.e. the underlying level of structural relations between its different constituents, such as the relation between the underlying subject and its verbs, or a verb and its object.F 9. Categorization is the process of classifying our experiences into same categoriesbased on commonalities and differences. As a major ingredient in the creation of human knowledge, it allows us to relate present experiences to past ones.different categoriesF 10. The syntagmatic relation is also known as vertical relation. horizontal relationF 11. "Singing an English song" is an exocentric construction. endocentricconstructionT 12. Single words and clauses can both be constituents.IV. Define the following terms:1. IC analysisIC analysis. IC analysis (immediate constituent analysis) refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents ---- word groups ( or phrases), which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached. In practice, for the sake of convenience, we usually stop at the level of word.2. paradigmatic relationparadigmatic relation: Saussure originally called associative, is a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.3. Lexical ambiguityLexical ambiguity: It refers to ambiguity explained by reference to lexical meanings. For example, “I went to the bank” is lexically ambiguous in the sense that “bank” in this sentence could refer to a business establishment or a slop of landing adjoining a river.4. Grammatical ambiguityGrammatical ambiguity: Grammatical ambiguity occurs when the grammatical structure of a sentence allows two different interpretations, each of which gives rise toa different meaning.5. Concord (or: Agreement)Concord (or: Agreement) could be defined as the requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some categories. For example, in English the determiner and the noun it precedes should concord in number as in “this man”, “these men”; “book”, “same books”.6. endocentric constructionEndocentric construction is one kind of syntactic constructions whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head. An endocentric construction is also known as a headed construction, for example, in the noun phrase “all these last few days”, days is the head. And this phrase is an endocentric construction.V. Questions:1. What is the aim of IC analysis? Make an IC analysis of the following sentence bymeans of either brackets or a tree diagram.北外2010My brother said Mary liked the handbag.The aim of IC analysis is to discover and demonstrate the interrelationships of the words in a linguistic structure—the sentence or the word-combination. The IC analysis views the sentence not just as a linear sequence of elements but as sequence made up of “layers”of immediate constituents, each lower-level constituent being part of a higher-level constituent.Though IC analysis, the internal structure of a sentence may be demonstrated clearly and ambiguities, if any, will be revealed.We can analyze the sentence like this:SNP VPVSˈNP VPN V NPDet N Det NMy mother said Mary liked the handbag. OrMy mother said Mary liked the handbag. 2. Why did Chomsky make the distinction between Deep and Surface structures?人大2006In generative grammar, deep structure is the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence, the underlying level of structural organization which specifies all the factors governing the way the sentence should be interpreted. On the other hand, surface structure is the final stage in the syntactic representation of a sentence, which provides the input to the phonological component of the grammar, and which thus most closely corresponds to the structure we articulate and hear.According to Chomsky, it is necessary to make the distinction, since it is helpful to differentiate and analyze syntactic structures such as "John is easy to please" and"John is eager to please", and also to disambiguate structures like "the shooting of the hunters". More importantly, it reflects two of the stages of how the language is processed through the generative grammar: the deep structure, which is an underlying structure, has to be transformed to the surface structure via a set of transformational rules.3.Try to identify the possible paradigmatic relation between any items in thefollowing poem by Lu Xun (i.e. tell if there is such a relation between which and which items).岂有豪情似旧时，花开花落两由之。

2 Structural Material
Unless test or experience indicates that a
particular water source is satisfactory, water should be free from acids, alkalis, oils, and organic impurities. Inert filler material ( usually sand and stone or gravel) make up between 60 and 80 percent of the volume of normal concrete.
2 Structural Material
Recommended and typical mixes of concrete for
various type or classes of work will determine how to proportion concrete mix. Factors affecting this include: (1) water to cement ratio,(2) type and size of aggregate, (3) air of nonair-entrained concrete, and (4) slump of the mix.
2 Structural Material
Strength, durability and water tightness are
usually specified by the structural –design engineer, but a tentative mix proportion can be determined from knowledge of a prior job. As water is added, the plasticity and the fluidity of the mix increase (i.e., its workability improves), but the strength decreases because of the larger volume of voids created by the free water.

最新ansys错误汇总大全-史上最全ANSYS分析出现问题NSYS error message 错误信息汇总2011-10-19 12:57:12| 分类：ANSYS | 标签：ansys 错误error |举报|字号订阅以前很多的心得全丢了，现在把新遇到的error message及解决方法逐一添加如下：1\ Too many expressions.表达式太长，ansys要求一个表达式不要超过6个分段，比如以下不对A22=y1*z2-y1*z3-y2*z1+y2*z3+y3*z1-y3*z2 有7个段改为A22=y1*z2-y1*z3-y2*z1+y2*z3+y3*z1A22=A22-y3*z2就行了2\ No *DO trips needed, enter *ENDDO .循环执行次数为0，说明下标的变化范围越界，就是形如下面的循环*do,i,0,-1..........*enddo3\ *** NOTE *** CP = 227.688 TIME= 12:30:54One or more elements have become highly distorted. Excessivedistortion of elements is usually a symptom indicating the need forcorrective action elsewhere. Try incrementing the load more slowly(increase the number of substeps or decrease the time stepsize). Youmay need to improve your mesh to obtain elements with better aspectratios. Also consider the behavior of materials, contact pairs, and/or constraint equations. If this message appears in the firstiteration of first substep, be sure to perform element shape checking.为什么上面的错误信息用深色底纹标出呢？原因很简单，上面的错误出现在非线性计算中意味着致命错误，说明计算无法收敛，遇到这个错误是非常头疼的，下面重点讨论这个问题的由来和解决办法。