英语所有前后缀意思一.表示否定的前缀ﻪ1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。
disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意) ﻪ2.in-加在形容词,名词之前incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inac curate(不准确的)inhuman(无人道的),injustice(不公正的),inseparable(不可分的) ﻪ3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前ﻪimpossible(不可能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impuden ce(厚颜无耻),immoral(不道德的) ﻪ4.il-加在以1开头的词前ﻪillegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)illogical(不合逻辑的)5.ir-加在以r开头的词前ﻪirregular(不规则的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irre solvable(不能分解的,不能解决的),irrelative(无关系的),4.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment(失业)7.non-加在形容词,名词前non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的) ﻪ8.mis-加在动词、名词之前ﻪmisunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleadin g(误导),misfortune(不幸)9.dis-加地动词之前disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系) dishonest(不诚实的),disorder(无秩序的)ﻪdeduce(推断)derail(脱轨)Dis-常与from 连用表示离,散的意思, discount(折扣),distract(分散)10.de-加在名词,形容词之前ﻪdemobilize(遣散;使…复员)decolor(脱色, 漂白),devaluation贬值,decode(解码) deforest(砍伐森林,decamp(撤营)De- 离开常与from连用deport(驱逐)depart (出发),delete(删除)ﻪ11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前anti-Japanese(抗日战争),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidite(解毒药,antibody(抗体),antipathy( 反感)antiag ing(抗衰老的)antifat(防止肥胖的)12.counter-加在名词、动词前counterattack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution(反革命)counterargument(辩论,抗辩)counte rflow(逆流),countermeasure(对策,反抗手段)counterpart(副本,配对物)二.表示“前before”的前缀ﻪ1.pre-preconception(成见),pre-exsiting(先于……而存在的),pre-selectio n(选举前的)preface(前言)precast(预制)2.Ante- ﻪanteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者)3.Fore- ﻪforehaed(前额),foreground(前景),foreman(工头,领班),foresee(预见,先见),foretell(预言)forearm(前臂,预先武装) forefather(祖先,前辈) foreknowledge(预知,先见之明)4.Pro- ﻪprogramme(计划),prologue(序幕) proactive(有前瞻性的,先前一步的) 5.Ex-ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife(前妻)ex-sodier(退伍军人)三.表示“后-post”的前缀1.post- post-war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午),postda te(事后日期),postdoctor(博士后) postmodern(后现代的)ﻪ四.表示“低”、“下”的前缀1.Hypo-ﻪHypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis(假设),pypocholoride(次氯酸盐)2.Infra-Infra-red(红外线),infrahuman(低于人类的),infrasonic(亚声的,次声的) ﻪ3.Sub-Sub-editou(副编辑),sub-way(地铁),sub-conscious(下意识的),submarine(海下的),subtropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题)subculture(次文化),sub-health(亚健康)ﻪ五.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀ﻪ1.Re- Refuel(给…加油),retranslate(再译),reinforce(加强),reconstruct (重建),return(返回)recall(召回),回忆)retract(取回,缩回) ,restart, recon struction (重建) reunion(重聚)2.Retro- ﻪRetrograde(倒退的),retrospect(回顾)3,Re- 反对,相反rebel(谋反,反叛),reverse(反转,颠倒),resist(抵抗,反抗)六.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀1.Co-co-exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校)七.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀1.Inter- Interchangeble(可互换的),interdipendert(互相依靠的),international(国际的),inter-national(交往)interact(相互影响的)interconnect(相互联系) 八.表示“出”、“超出”的前缀ﻪ1.Ec- Eclipse(蚀),ecstasy(狂想)2. 2.Extra- Extraordinary(非凡的),extramural(校外的),extrasensory (超感觉的)ﻪ九.表示“超过”的前缀1.hyper-,preter-, super-, sur-,ultra- ﻪhyper-sensitive(过敏的),hyperacti vity(极度活跃的) ,preterhuman(超人的)hypernatural(超自然的,异常的,不可思议的)十.其它的前缀1.auto-自automatic(自动的),autobiography(自传)autofocus(自动聚焦的)2.mal-坏,恶Malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待)3.Micro- Microscope(显微镜),microtome(切片机)microworld(微观世界) microelement(微量元素)Macro宏macroworld(宏观世界) macroeconomics(宏观经济的) macroscale(大规模的)4.Tele-远ﻪTelegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜) 5.Demi-,semi-hemi-ﻪSemi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月) 6.Uni-,mono-(单一,单独) ﻪMonotone(单调),monologue(独白),uniform(制服)7.Bi-,di-二ﻪBiyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物)bicolor(两色之物)8.Tri-三ﻪTriangle(三角),tripod(三角架)ﻪ9.Multi-多ﻪmulti-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的) ,multilayer(多层的)10.Poly–多Polygon(多角形),polytomic(多原子的)ﻪ11.Arch-首领archbishop(大主教),architect(建筑师) ﻪ12.bene-善,好ﻪbenefit(利益),benevolence(善意)ﻪ13.homo-同ﻪhomosexual(同性恋的),homograph(同形异义字)14.neo新neo-colonialism(新殖民主义),neolithic(新石器时代的)ﻪ15.ortho-正确,直ﻪorthogonal(直角的),orthodox(正统)16.philo-挚爱philosopher(哲学家)17.proto-原始protohydrogen(初氢),prototype(原型),protoplasm(原生质)18.pseudo-假的, 伪的,冒充的ﻪpseudonym(匿名),pseudo-communism(假共产主义) 19.a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c之前)从,自avoid(避免),absent(缺少的),abstain(抑制),abstract(吸引)20.Apo-,aph-来自apology(道歉,谢罪),apostle(倡言者,先驱)21.se-分离ﻪseparation(分开),secure(安全的),sedition(煽动叛乱) ﻪ22.para-防ﻪparachute(降落伞),ﻪ23.omni-所有的,公共的omnibus(公共汽车),omnipotence(万能)24.pan-全,泛Pan-American(全美的),pancean(万灵药),panorama(风景的全貌;万花筒) ﻪ25.panto-全pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界),pantoscopic(视野广大)ﻪ26.dia-通过,借以ﻪdiagonal(对角的),diagnosis(诊断),dialogue(对话)27.Per-通过,彻底,不利ﻪperambrlate(走来走去),perfect极好的28.trans-通过,横过ﻪtranscript(抄本, 副本;记录),translation(翻译),tr xnsparent(透明的),transport(运输),trans-plant(移植)29.Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全comment(评论),compile(编辑),correl ation(相互关系),collect(收集),corruption(贪污腐败),collaborate(合作,合著)30.syn-共同synonym(同义词),synchronization(同步),syntonic(谐振的),synthetic(人工的,合成的)31.meta-和,在……之后ﻪmetaphor(比喻),metaphysics(形而上学)ﻪ32.Cis-在这一边cisatlantic(大西洋这边的)33.pen-几乎,相近ﻪpeninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(状)的,形成半岛的) 34.en-,em-往……里,使……ﻪencamp(扎营),enable(使……能),endear(使……受喜爱),embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会)) ﻪ35.intro内在ﻪintracardiac(心脏内部的),intramolecular(分子内部的),i ntracelular(细胞内部的)36.intro-到……中introduce(介绍),introspect(反省,内省)ﻪ37.dys-坏ﻪdyspepsia(消化不良),dysentry(痢疾) ﻪ38.Eu-优,美好ﻪeulogy(颂词),euphony(悦耳的声音) ﻪ39.ambi-,amphi-两者ﻪamphibian(两栖的),ambidextrous(两只手都很灵巧的;心怀二意的;非常灵巧的)ﻪ40.penta-五ﻪpentagon(五角大楼),pentagram(五角星),pentameter(五步诗句) ﻪ41.sex-六sexangle(六角),sexennial(六年一度的)ﻪ42. sept-七ﻪSeptember九月(古罗马的七月),septennial(七年一度)ﻪ43.hepta-七ﻪheptab(七个成套之物),heptagon(七角形) ﻪ44.octa-,octo,oct八ﻪoctagon(八角形),octuple(八倍)October (十月)ﻪ45.nona-,ennea-九ﻪnonagon(九角形),ennead(九个一组)46.deci-,deca-十decimal(十进位的),decagramme(十克)47.centi-百centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣)ﻪ48.milli-千ﻪmillenias(千年的),millimeter(毫米)49.Kilo-千ﻪkilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米)后缀ﻪ1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation oractivity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor2.-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet 3.-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(i mitation)例词:leatherette3)女性(female)例词:usheretteﻪ4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress ﻪ5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanshipﻪ7.-ful意为:量(the amount which nouncontains)例词:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful 8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva-tion2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词: organization,foundationﻪ9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavem ent,pavement 10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recit al,removal11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent; amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage, acreag e,shrinkage,breakage,hostageﻪ12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability 13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrineof,practice of)例词:idealism, impress ionism,absenteeism,racism ﻪ二、动词后缀ﻪ常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:ﻪ1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify, diversify,simplify 2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(to make orbecome;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,wid en,heighten,threaten ﻪ3.-ate意为:增加,使……(giveor add,make or become)例词:originate,h ydrogenate,validate,differentiate三、形容词后缀: 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: ﻪ1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav-ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful, hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearfulﻪ2.-less意为:没有,无(without;notgiving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless3.-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualitiesof)例词:beastly,manly, brotherl y,friendly4.-like意为:像……的(like)例词:childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like ﻪ5.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing; having th equality of)例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例词: changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincibleﻪ8.-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped 9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(natureof,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musicalﻪ10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belongingto;connectedwith)例词:revolutionary,imaginary,contradictory11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;havingthe quality of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typicalof;belonging to)例词: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(havingthe natureorquality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive,talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive四、副词后缀ﻪ常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:ﻪ1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.)例词:happily,boldly,attentive- ly,strangely ﻪ2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(mannerand direction ofmovement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)3.-wise意为:1)按照……方式(in themanner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(as faras ...isconcerned)例词:weatherwise ,educationwise有一个原因的单音节词,结尾只有一个单音辅音,在加以元音后缀是,要双写这个辅音.例词:ru n+er =runner hit+ing =hitting。