论文摘要中英文对照版本
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附件2论文中英文摘要格式作者姓名:解垩论文题目:城乡卫生医疗服务均等化研究作者简介:解垩,男,1971年9月出生,2006年9月师从于山东大学樊丽明教授,于2009年6月获博士学位。
中文摘要卫生医疗服务在许多方面表现出巨大的城乡差异,如医疗资源占有、卫生筹资、健康消费、医疗保障等的城乡不均等。
城乡卫生医疗服务不均等不仅影响到国民的健康, 也会带来一系列社会问题。
国内外现有研究在揭示城乡卫生医疗服务均等化的特征及原因方面虽然做出了一些很好尝试,但总体而言尚不够全面和深入,忽略了一些重要问题,如城乡卫生医疗服务均等化的范围是什么?如何为城乡卫生医疗服务均等化制定标准?城乡卫生医疗服务均等化的实质是什么?城乡卫生医疗服务不均等有什么负面效应?卫生体制和其他的制度安排在城乡卫生医疗服务不均等中扮演了什么角色?而这些关键问题的解答显然对于我们更深刻地认识我国的城乡卫生医疗服务均等化具有重要意义。
为此,本文在国内外已有研究的基础上,运用国际上较为先进和流行的方法对我国城乡卫生医疗服务均等化进行全面、系统的研究,以期完善有关城乡公共服务均等化基本理论,对我国城乡卫生医疗服务均等化及医疗体制改革实践提供科学的政策建议。
全文共8章,除第1章绪论以外,第2-4章是本文分析的基础和前提:第2章是有关城乡卫生医疗服务均等化的理论及实证研究综述。
第3章是城乡卫生医疗服务均等化的机理分析。
第4章是城乡卫生医疗服务均等化的国际经验。
第5章到第8章具体考察中国城乡卫生医疗服务的公平性、城乡卫生医疗服务不均等的效应、中国城乡卫生医疗服务不均等的原因并提出对策建议:第5章从卫生筹资、健康消费、医疗服务利用和健康公平等视角出发,对城乡卫生医疗服务的公平性进行分解分析。
第6章剖析城乡卫生医疗服务非均等的经济和社会效应。
第7章,从政府方、需求方、医疗保障方探究我国城乡卫生医疗服务不均等的原因。
第8章为本文的政策建议部分。
第2章是文献综述。
论文题目(三号黑体,加粗,居中)——如有副标题(五号黑体,常规,居中)(空一行)摘要(小四号黑体加粗,居左空两格):×××××××××××××××(五号宋体,常规,单倍行距)(空一行)关键词(小四号黑体加粗,居左空两格):×××;××;×××××(五号宋体,常规,单倍行距)要求:1.中文摘要、关键词和英文摘要、关键词均需另起一页,分页打印。
2.中文摘要、关键词题头用小四号黑体,加粗,居左空两格排写;内容部分用五号宋体字,常规,单倍行距。
关键词各词条间用分号“;”隔开。
摘要、关键词之间空一行。
3.英文摘要、关键词题头用小四号Times New Roman加粗, 居左空两格排写;内容部分用五号Times New Roman,常规,单倍行距。
关键词各词条间用分号“;”隔开。
摘要与关键词之间空一行。
(英文题目)(居中)Abstract:Lao She's attitude towards this typical image of Xiangzi is very complicated: On one hand he has offered the abundant affirmation to Xiangzi's innate bright quality , on one hand individual struggled the blindness of the road was denied to Xiangzi; He offer deep sympathy by unfortunate life to Xiangzi on one hand, awakening go on the deep criticism to Xiangzi on the other hand. Meanwhile, between author and that piece bad person become dark society of spirit go on the merciless revealing and accusation too itself. Affirm and deny , sympathize with and criticize coexisting , make the works already have abundant realistic intension, different from the general realistic works again.Key words:Xiangzi;affirm;deny;sympathize;criticize coexisting。
毕业设计(论文)新民本主义:传统民本思想与现代民主理念的契合(字体:黑体小一)专业年级学生学号学生姓名指导老师评阅人二○○年月中国·南京摘要(“摘要”两字的字体为黑体三号,居中。
)正文字体均为:宋体小四号,行距为倍(不低于400字)关键词:民本;民主;新民本主义(“关键词”三字字体为黑体,内容(3-5)个,宋体小四号。
各关键词之间用;)注意:摘要和关键词只能单独一页.Abstract(“Abstract”一词用Times New Roman字体三号,加黑,居中。
)Thought of people as the center is the marrow of our traditional culture and the core of the theory of managing state affairs. It germinates in the early state of antiquity society and is based on patriarchal clan system. It is also a kind of value seeking for the realization of the ethic reason and moral justice. Its basic thinking is that the monarch is defined by people and conversely people are defined by the monarch. At first appearance, its purpose is to value people’s suffering,fate and interest on the ruler’s position. However, its real intention is to fool the people so as to strengthen and consolidate the ruler’s rule. The theory of “people-oriented concept” includes nine topics such as “the theory of people is being the root of the monarch’s rule”, “the theory of people is being more valuable than the monarch”, “the theory of the monarch is being people’s servant”and so on. People –oriented means “value the people ”in essence, which sees “people”as its foundation of politics rule, ranking official, and administration.(正文字体为:Times New Roman字体,小四号,且行距为单倍或倍。
中英文资料对照外文翻译译文在混合光伏阵列中采用滑模技术的电源控制发电系统摘要变结构控制器来调节输出功率的一个独立的混合发电系统。
该系统包括光伏发电和风力发电,存储电池组和一个变量的单相负载。
控制律承认两种操作模式。
第一条用在当日晒度足够满足对电力的需求的情况下。
第二运作模式应用在日晒度不足的时候。
后者致使系统在最大功率操作点(MPOP)操作下存储尽可能多的能量。
根据IncCo nd算法开发的一种新方法。
滑模控制用于技术设计的控制律。
这些技术提供了一个简单的控制律设计框架,并有助于它们自带的鲁棒性。
最后,指导方针根据考虑为实际系统的设计。
1引言可再生能源,如风力和太阳能被认为是非常前途的能源。
它们拥有可以满足不断增加的世界能源需求的特点。
另一方面,他们是基于无公害转换流程,它们需要的主要资源是取之不尽,用之不竭,并且免费的。
对于远程、远离电网的地方,它往往是比用输电线路[1] 提供一个独立的电力来源拥有可行性。
在这些电网中,在混合动力系统结合模块的基础上,可再生能源发电以柴油为动力的备用发电机已考虑ERED等效为一个可行的选择[2, 3]。
然而,柴油发电机在孤立的燃料供应和其运作领域是相当麻烦,相比较可再生能源,显得不划算[4]。
为了取代柴油备用发电机,独立的混合动力系统经常采用结合可再生能源来源的TARY 型材,如风力和光伏发电,合适的存储设备,如电池。
自存储成本仍然是一个重大的经济约束,通常光伏/风能/电池系统是用“适当”的大小以减少资本成本。
本文提出了一种控制策略,以规范的混合动力系统,包括光伏发电和风力发电,蓄电池组和可变负载的输出功率作为研究。
控制可调整的光伏发电、风力发电,以满足负载和电池充电的电源要求。
系统以在独立控制下的最大发电的主要目标。
该控制器的设计开发,在之前的文献[5]中提过。
因此,根据不同的大气条件,不同的光伏阵列控制律使用的范围不同。
第一条用在暴晒的地方,运作模式足以提供的总功率需求,和风力发电一起适用。
英语论文摘要怎么写,并附上范例一则,希望对大家的英语论文摘要写作有所帮助。
英语专业本科毕业论文论文摘要格式中英文摘要对应,内容要基本保持一致;中文在前,英文在后。
字数为300-500字左右。
1.中文摘要①首行居中打印论文中文标题(宋体四号加粗)②下空一行居中打印摘要二字(宋体小四号加粗),字间空一字符。
③摘要二字下空一行打印摘要内容(宋体小四号)。
④摘要内容后下空一行打印关键词三字(宋体小四号加粗),其后接着打印关键词(3-7个,宋体小四号),各关键词之间用逗号隔开,最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。
2.英文摘要①首行居中打印论文英文标题(Times New Roman四号加粗)②下空一行居中打印英文单词Abstract (Times New Roman 小四号加粗)。
③下空一行打印摘要内容(Times New Roman小四,1.5倍行距,两端对齐)④摘要内容后下空一行打印Key Words ( Times New Roman 小四号加粗),其后接着打印关键词(3-7个关键词,Times New Roman小四号)。
除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写。
各关键词之间用分号隔开,最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。
⑤摘要正文各自然段首行空5个字符。
Self-Knowledge of Emma(空1行)Abstract(空1行)Emma lives in a quite simple environment. When she is a little child, her mother dies and she is spoiled by her father. Having such a background, Emma is dominant, aggressive and imaginative. After she experiences the two major affairs in her life----the relationship with Harriet and her emotion towards Mr. Knightley, she realizes her own faults and acquires self-knowledge of both moral faults and emotion.After Emma fails to be a match-maker of Harriet and Mr. Knightley, she comes to know that feelings can not be imagined and that she should not force her own idea on others mind. And this is the very beginning of Emma s self-knowledge.(空1行)Key Words: Emma; characters; match-making; self-knowledge范例:A Brief Discussion on Cultural Difference between Chinese and EnglishAbstractWord is the product of society,which is the history of mankind and which is the crystallization of history and culture.It embodied a nation's social consciousness from generation to generation, history, culture, and other areas all the features of human society. The essence of which is dependent because of their different cultural background, language background and traditional factors above. chinese and english are quite different.such as mode of living,values,atandard of behavior,formality,customs. Language is is both the carrier and the product of culture, the cultural enrichment of information is an important part ofculture, Language reflects the culture of development and changes, but also a direct reflection of the cultural differences.As we all know china and english has different cultural atmosphere .china has a long history and rich culture. English in the contemporary world political, economic, cultural and other fields to play with temporary no other language can replace the role of English in a number of countries in addition to the mother tongue but also as a second language or foreign language in common use in many countries. As a symbol system, English is a kind of language, on their use, in today's world there are all sorts of English and English is in fact the name of a simple terms, we can not hope that justice Literal It is a single, homogeneous phenomenon it is all around the world and under different circumstances the use of the many variants of the English pool. However, due to geographical, historical, cultural, and social customs of different factors such as the impact of today's visit to English furniture has evolved into a wider impact on the two variants of the worldwide English, which is British English and American English. With the development of their own language, their own characteristics of the formation, and there are differences between. In American English and British English, is concernedabout the characteristics of the norms word. In this paper, the British and American English in origin and development of a simple introduction, the United Kingdom and the United States in terms of language study and to explore differences in the two English-speaking characteristics and differences, the right to express and enrich the relevant knowledge of English, improve application English ability.Key word: dependent; culture; atmosphere中西方文化差异摘要词是社会的的结晶,是人类历史和文化的结晶。
硕士研究生:请按下列格式要求编写后向学院递交电子稿(WORD文档)及书面打印稿各1份。
交稿时间:论文答辩通过,交所有答辩材料时。
格式具体参照下例。
学号:(五号宋体)硕士论文中英文摘要格式(页面设置A4纸)论文题目:(二号黑体,居中)硕士生姓名:指导教师姓名职称:学科专业:(五号宋体)摘要(500个左右汉字):(五号宋体。
标准行距,每行47个汉字)关键词(汉字3--5个,用“、”号隔开。
五号黑体):攻博期间发表重要学术论文目录(最多6篇五号宋体。
标准行距,每行47个汉字)序号作者姓名刊物名称期(卷):页,年作者简介(中文): XXX ,男,XXXX年生,XXXX年毕业于XXXX大学XXXXXXXXXX专业获XX学学士学位; XXXX年从师于XXXX教授,于XXXX年XX月毕业于本校XXXXXXXXXXX专业并获XX学硕士学位。
(小四号仿宋)英文摘要(中文摘要翻译,要求翻译准确。
):Title of the Dr. Degree’s Thesis:(三号黑体)硕士生姓名:指导教师姓名职称:学科专业:(五号宋体)Abstract: (五号)Key Words:(五号黑体)Research Achievements:(攻博期间发表重要论文目录的翻译,要求翻译准确,最多6项,五号字。
)英文作者简介(中文简介翻译,要求翻译准确):Introduction of the Author:例:学号:抽水蓄能电站电力系统随机生产模拟理论与应用研究硕士研究生姓名:张大伟指导教师: XXX教授学科专业:水利水电工程摘要:本文就随机生产模拟理论及其在含抽水蓄能电站电力系统中的应用,抽水蓄能电站效益评价的方法理论等进行了较为系统深入的研究,……。
关键词:抽水蓄能电站、分段模型、效益攻博期间发表重要学术论文1、王国庆,XXX,抽水蓄能电站在防洪中的作用水利学报 28(4):1035-1041,19992、……作者简介:张大伟,男,1972年生,1992年于东北地质大学水文地质专业毕业并获理学学士学位; 1998年从师于河海大学水利水电工程专业XXX教授,2002年12月毕业并获工学硕士学位。
Your Paper's Title Starts Here: Please Centeruse Helvetica (Arial) 14论文的题目从这里开始:用Helvetica (Arial)14号FULL First Author1, a, FULL Second Author2,b and Last Author3,c第一第二第三作者的全名1Full address of first author, including country第一作者的地址全名,包括国家2Full address of second author, including country第二作者的地址全名,包括国家3List all distinct addresses in the same way第三作者同上a email,b email,c email第一第二第三作者的邮箱地址Keywords:List the keywords covered in your paper. These keywords will also be used by the publisher to produce a keyword index.关键字:列出你论文中的关键词。
这些关键词将会被出版者用作制作一个关键词索引。
For the rest of the paper, please use Times Roman (Times New Roman) 12论文的其他部分请用Times Roman (Times New Roman) 12号字Abstract. This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.Please make the page settings of your word processor to A4 format (21 x 29,7 cm or 8 x 11 inches); with the margins: bottom 1.5 cm (0.59 in) and top 2.5 cm (0.98 in), right/left margins must be 2 cm (0.78 in).摘要:这个模板解释和示范供稿技术刊物有限公司时,如何准备你的供相机使用文件。
《语言学类论文中英文摘要及物性对比研究》篇一题目:语言学类论文中英文章物性对比研究【中文摘要】本文旨在探讨语言学领域中,中英文章物性对比研究的价值和意义。
文章首先介绍了语言学的基本概念和物性理论,接着详细阐述了中英文的物性差异,并通过具体文本分析的方式,比较了中英文在表达物性时的语言特点和差异。
通过分析我们发现,中英两种语言在表达物性时具有各自独特的优势和特点,这种差异源于两种语言的历史文化背景、语言表达习惯以及思维方式的差异。
本文的研究不仅有助于加深对语言学中物性理论的理解,同时对于跨文化交流和翻译实践也具有一定的指导意义。
【英文摘要】This paper aims to explore the value and significance of a comparative study on the noun phrase properties in both Chinese and English articles in the field of linguistics. The article first introduces the basic concepts of linguistics and the theory of noun phrase properties, then elaborates on the differences in noun phrase properties between Chinese and English. Through specific text analysis, we compare the linguistic features and differences in expressing noun phrase properties in both languages. The analysis reveals that Chinese and English have their unique advantages and characteristics in expressing noun phrase properties, which stem from the historical andcultural backgrounds, language expression habits, and thinking patterns of the two languages. The research in this paper not only helps to deepen the understanding of the noun phrase property theory in linguistics, but also has certain guiding significance for cross-cultural communication and translation practice.【正文】一、引言语言学是研究人类语言的科学,其中物性理论是语言学研究的重要分支之一。
论文中英文摘要作者姓名:任俊莉论文题目:蔗渣和麦草半纤维素分离、改性及其应用作者简介:任俊莉,女,1978年4月出生,2004年9月师从于华南理工大学孙润仓教授,于2008年6月获博士学位。
中文摘要随着石油等化石资源储量的逐渐减少,以农业废弃物等可再生资源为原料生产化工新材料,用来补充和替代以石油为原料的化工产品,正成为一种新的发展趋势。
很多国家特别是发达国家已将此列为经济和社会发展的重大战略。
对我国这样一个化石资源短缺、人口众多、经济持续快速发展的大国,推动农林废弃物的高效转化利用,具有更突出的迫切性,这将是我国新世纪的工业结构调整与升级的重点战略。
本论文以高附加值利用的农业废弃物蔗渣和麦草秸秆可再生资源为出发点,系统地研究了蔗渣和麦草秸秆半纤维素的分离以及结构鉴定,在此基础上研究了分离得到的半纤维素的醚化反应和酯化反应如:季铵化反应、羧基化反应、均相乙酰化反应以及月桂酰化反应等;并对得到的半纤维素衍生物作为湿部助剂在造纸中的应用做了初步探讨,得到的结论如下:1. 提出了以蔗渣半纤维素为原料,3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化氨(CHMAC)为反应试剂、乙醇/水为反应介质,在碱的作用下合成出水溶性好、取代度低的阳离子型半纤维素聚合物的方法。
系统地研究了碱的加入方法及用量、反应温度、反应时间、反应试剂用量对阳离子型半纤维素取代度的影响。
结果发现通过改变反应条件可以制备出一系列白色粉末状的取代度为0.003―0.19的阳离子型半纤维素聚合物。
采用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和13C核磁共振(13C-NMR)表征了改性半纤维素的结构,发现半纤维素在异相体系中的季铵化反应主要发生在半纤维素木聚糖单元C3位的羟基上。
凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和热分析结果表明改性后的半纤维素有一定程度的降解,并且热稳定性有所降低。
(Carbohydrate Polymers, 2007, 67:347-357. New Technologies in Non-wood Fiber Pulping and Papermaking, 2006:20-24. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 35:86-90.)2. 提出了一种在碱性水溶液中制备水溶性好、取代度高的阳离子型半纤维素聚合物的方法。
中文摘要
在现代市场经济中,证券市场占据着越来越重要的地位,它的发达程度已经
成为一个国家市场经济完善程度和经济发展水平的重要标志。也就是在现代企业
制度和资本市场不断发展的背景下产生了上市公司信息披露问题。上市公司的相
关信息能否真实、及时、完整地公开披露不仅关系到广大股东的权益,更关系到
整个证券市场的运行秩序。
我国证券市场目前正处于初级阶段,上市公司的信息披露问题日益暴露。这
些问题对资本市场的信用关系提出了严峻的挑战,损害了投资者的利益,严重扰
乱了我国证券市场的正常秩序和平稳发展。为了治理上市公司信息披露中存在的
各种问题,本文概括了信息披露存在的一般性问题及其产生原因和带来的不良影
响,并结合美国证券市场的相关管理办法来提出解决问题的办法以供参考。
关键词:信息披露 上市公司 新会计准则
ABSTRACT
The securities market has taken a more an more important place in modern
market economy. Its development level marks a nation’s market economy’ integrity
and the development of the whole economy. And along with our modern corporation
system and capital market, there emerges the problem of the information disclosure of
listed company. Whether the relate information is veritable, timely, and completely
disclosed matters. It not only relates to the behalf of shareholders, it’s also relevant to
the circulation order of the whole securities business.
China’s securities market is in the primary stage, and the problem of information
disclosure is gradually uncovered. These problems are strongly challenging the credit
of capital market, heavily damaging the investors’ benefits, and have totally broken
the normal rule of our securities market. The paper shows these issues and analyzes
the origin and bad influences. To resolve these problems, it also use the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)’s way for reference
.
Key words: Information disclosure Listed company New Accounting Standers