一般过去时，过去进行时和现在完成时的区别
一、一般过去时
1．表示在过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：a few minutes ago, yesterday, last month 等，以及以when 等引导的时间状语从句连用。
The thief entered the building a few minutes ago.
A big fire destroyed the whole forest last year.
The telephone rang, when I was reading the news report.
1. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与时间状语often，used to或would连用，表示“常常，经常”。
She often came to help us.
When he was young, he would help his father on the farm.
2. 有些情况，发生的时间不很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的应当用过去时态。
It was a pity that you didn’t go to the lecture.
I was glad to receive your letter.
I didn’t know you were so busy.
3. 表示过去习惯的动作。
When she was a young girl, she often went to her grandpa’s.
4. 在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。
I would tell her the news as soon as she came.
二、过去进行时
构成：was / were + doing
1．表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。
He was playing tennis at five yesterday afternoon.
What were you doing at nine last night?
At that time, she was working in a lab.
In those years we were having a hard time.
We were picking cotton when he arrived.
2. 表示按计划，安排过去将要发生的动作。
He told her he was leaving soon.
3. 表示委婉语气，只限于want，hope，wonder等动词，用以提出请求。
I was wondering if you could help me.
4. 在不少情况下，没有表示过去的时间状语，需要通过上下文来看出这是过去某时正在进行的动作。
The wind was no longer blowing, but it was still rather cold.
They took us to see the chemical fiber mill they were building.
We started the attack when the enemies were crossing the river.
They all worked hard. Everybody knew what he was working for.
一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：
1. 过去进行时表示正在进行的动作，而一般过去时表示一个完成的动作。
I was reading a novel last night. （可能没看完）
I read a novel last night. （已经看完了）
We were building a dam last winter.
We built a dam last winter.
I was quickly getting used to that kind of life. （正在适应过程中）
I quickly got used to that kind of life. （已经适应）
2. 一般过去时通常只表示发生过的某种动作或存在过的某种状态，不强调延续性；过去进行时表示过去某一段时间内某种动作或状态的延续性。
Those men hunted in the forest yesterday.
Those men were hunting in the forest yesterday. （强调整天都在打猎）
3. 过去进行时强调动作的持续性，带有一定的感情色彩，因此有时比一般过去时显的更为生动、具体。
The baby was crying all night. 婴儿整夜都在哭。（较具体，生动）
The baby cried all night. 婴儿哭了一整夜。（叙述事实）
4. 两个或多个一般过去时连用，通常表示动作一个接一个发生，过去进行时连用仅表示动作同时发生，强调对比。
She closed the window, turned off the light and left the room.
She was closing the window, and he was reading a book.
5. 一般过去时和过去进行时并用时，一般过去时表示某一时间点，过去进行时表示某段时间，该时间点在该段时间之内。
They were discussing the plan when suddenly the light went out.
When I came into her office, she was typing.
三、现在完成时
have / has + 过去分词
1．表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，常与下列词连用：yet, just, before, recently, lately, often, ever, never, sometimes, twice 等。
I haven’t finished the novel yet.
He has never been to Paris.
2. 表示从过去某个时间开始，持续到现在并有可能持续下去的动作，常同表示一段时间的状语连用，so far, up to now, since, for the past (last) few (several) years 等。
We have known each other for 11 years.
3. 在after, as soon as，if，till，when 等引导的状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时。Let’s go out as soon as the rain has stopped.
4. It is the first time that ...
This will be ... that ... + 现在完成时
This is the first time that I have seen a living whale.
5. It (this) is the best (worst, most interesting…) + 名词+ that + 现在完成时
It is the most beautiful house that I have ever seen.
一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题 一、前言： 初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识，即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中，现在完成时是重要的学习内容。本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时，对现在完成时进行初步讲解，希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所准备。 二、现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时是由助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2. 现在完成时的用法 现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。 We are good friends.(现在的情况） I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作） We have known each other since 1997. （现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在） （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever, never,three times等时间状语。 如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 3.现在完成时的时间状语 （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
一般过去时，现在完成时和过去完成时 一般过去时态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和表示频度的时间状语连用，试看下列例句： 1. I was in the classroom yesterday morning 2. My father was at work last week. 3. I visited the Palace Museum three weeks ago. 4. He always went to work by bus last year. 5. I wrote home once a week at college. 1. yesterday或以其构成的短语：yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等； 2. 由"last+一时间名词"构成的短语：last night, last year (winter, month, week)等； 3. 由"时间段+ago"构成的短语：a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等； 4. 其它：just now或者由句子本身的时态所反映出来的。 现在完成时表示：(1)过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常与already，just，yet，before，ever，never 等副词连用；(2)发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示），常与for（+时间段），since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。试看下列例句： 1.My father has brought many books for me , so I can do some reading now. 2.I have already finished my homework, so I can give it to my teacher now. 3.Kevin hasn't seen the film yet, so he has nothing to say about the film. 4.This is the best film I have ever seen. 5.Mary has been ill for three days. 6.I have lived here since 1998. 现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, two days ago, just now 等等，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, before, recently,ever, never等连用。
现在完成时和过去时的区别及练习 一、现在完成时的用法。 1.现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响 I have lost my wallet now. I can’t find it now. 我的钱包掉了，我现在找不到。 2.现在完成时强调过去动作一直持续到现在。 I have had this book for a year. 我拥有这本书1年了。 3.现在完成时表示动作尚未完成。 I have lived here for 5 years. 我在这里住了5年（现在也还在这里住） 4.现在完成时可以与不确切的过去时间连用。 She has entered speaking competition before. 她曾经参加过演讲比赛。 5.现在完成时可以用来描述活着的人的经历。 He has been to America four times. 他去过美国4次。（他现在还活着） 6.现在完成时可以与未完成的时间状语连用。 She has finished her homework today. 今天他已经完成了家庭作业。（today, this week, this year 是未完成的时间状语） 二、过去时的用法 1.
1.表示过去完成的动作，现在已不是这样。 —What do you think of her? 你认为她怎样？ —She was cute. 她曾经很可爱（表示她现在已不可爱了。） 2.与过去某一具体的时间状语连用，表示过去完成的动作。 She lost her wallet yesterday. (她昨天弄丢了她的钱包。) 3.表示去世的人过去的经历。 He went to America four times.一生中, 他去过美国4次（表示他已去世）练习 1.Ronaldo ______________( win) 29 major trophies in his career. 2.I ____________(have)him for three months and I really feel healthy. 3.She_______________(be) ill for three days. 4.They ________________ (not do) much exercise since they got their computer. 5.Kobe Byrant _______________(win) five championships with The Los Angeles Lakers. 6.Fans___________________(buy)about 200 million copies of Tintin’s stories in more than 50 languages. 7.When I was young, I ___________(not like) green vegetables. 8.After he graduated from university, he _________(work) in a big company.
一般完成时和现在完成 时 Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】
T h e P a s t T e n s e a n d t h e P r e s e n t T e n s e 一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时需要用动词的过去式表示。现在完成时要用have(has)+动 词的过去分词表示。 Task 1 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences. 1.Danny_______ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A.works B. is working C. has worked D. worked 2.This is the first time I ______this country.
A.visit B. have visit C. visiting D. was visiting 3.If he weather had been better ,we could have a picnic. But it_ _____all day. A.rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining 4.So far this year we _________a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10percent. A.saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 5.It’s high time we _________measures to solve this problem. A.will take B. have taken C. take D. took 6.This is the best film I________. A.will see B. saw C. have seen D. am seeing 7.--Did you go to the show last night --Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _______invited. A. were B. will be C. is D. was 8.I feel as if my head __________on fire. A.were B. will be C. is D. has been 9.Mr. Smith ________for the years. A.died B. has died C. has been dead D. is dying 10.How long __________you _________this car A.did, have B. did, buy C. have, bought D. have, had Task 2 Fill in each of the following blanks with the proper form of the word given in brackets.
现在完成时和一般过去时专项练习 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1.--_____ you _____ (have) lunch yet? ---Yes，I . --- When____ you _____ (have) it? ---I______ (have) it at 12:00. 2._____ she _____(write) a letter to her aunt yet? Yes, she_____ . She__________ (write)it the day before yesterday 3. --______ you____ (find) your knife yet? ---Not yet. 4. I _________(sing) the English song before. 5. I ____ never _____(see) him before. 6.. She_____ just _____(ride) a horse? 7. Tom with his mother _________(shop)just now. . 8. Sam ________ (go) to school by bike last year. 9.My brother _______(join) the army in 1999. 10.My brother _______(be)in the army since1999. 11.John_________( not watch ) TV last night. 12.She ______ (do) her homework already. 13.Where is Jack? He______(go) the park. 14. I _________ (read) the magazine yesterday. 15.What was she doing when she __ (come) here. 16.We_______ (play) football five hours ago. 17..Mike ______ already ______(finish) the work. 18. We ___________(run) out of money. What shall we do? 19. I _____ just ______ (lose) my math book. 20. I ___ _ (be) to Beijing twice 21.My father _____ never____(eat)ice cream. 22.I __________(work) here since 1995. 23.The_______(teach) English since they (come) to this school. 24.We __________(learn) 1000 words so far. 25. Tom ____________( be) away for three days. He will come back tomorrow. 26.The teacher _________(leave) two days ago. 27.The teacher______(be) here since two days ago. 28.--- _____ you ______ (clean) the room yet? --Yes, we __________ (do) that already. --When _______ you ______ (do) it? ---We _______ (do) it an hour ago. 29. ---______ he ______ (see) this film yet? --Yes,he _____. --When _____ he _____ (see) it? --He ____ it last week. 30. I _________ (read) the book twice. It’s interesting. 31—Where’s she? .-- She ________ (go) to Pairs. -- How ______she ______(go) there? --She _______ (go) there by air. 32. So far, many countries ___ _ (improve) their environment. 33. Mr Chen _____ (give)up smoking last year. 34. Mr Chen ______ (give) up smoking since last year. 35.It’s ten years since I ________(meet) her. 36.This is the most interesting book that I_________(read). 37.She _________(work) in this hospital in 2005. 38. She _________(work) in this hospital since 2005. 39.I __________ (clean) my room two hours ago. 40. I ________(clean) my room since two hours ago. 41 The old men ____________ (live)in the house for ten years. 42. Mum is not at home now. She _______ (go) the shop. 43.The sun ________(rise) since five o’clock. 44.I’m sorry I’ve already_______(forget) your name. 45.My leg _______(hurt) a lot last night. 46.They ________(eat) a lot of chichen already. 47.--- he ______ (give) the book back to the library? --Not yet. 48.My uncle _______(teach) English for ten years. He loves his job. 49.I ________(spend) five hours watching TV last weekend. 50.He’s just _______(tell) us a story. 二、按要求变换句型。 1.I have already eaten the food.(否定句) 2..We have ever read this book. .(否定句) 3.The plane has arrived. (否定句) 4. She’s lent some money to others. (否定句) 5. She has already visited her aunt.（一般疑问句并肯定回答） 6..My father has already hadlunch. （一般问句并否
I have cleaned the classroom .（强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！） We have lived here for ten years.（“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时） We have lived here since we came here.（“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时） Mr Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.("来”中国已过去，而先前“住”在纽约更过去！）（另外注意：“住”在纽约可没有持续到现在！） We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term. （“上期期末”已过去，而是在其前“学”的就更过去了！） 一、从结构上区别 现在完成时： 主语 + have / has（not） + 过去分词 过去完成时： 主语 + had (not) + 过去分词 (二)从时间状语区别 现在完成时: 常用的时间状语包括“now, today, tonight, this week, this year, already, yet, just, recently…etc”。 过去完成时: 常用的时间状语包括“by, at, before等构成的短语”。 注意：当表示一段时间，现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的状语。 例如： The meeting had begun when we got there. 我们到那儿时，会议已经开始了。 We had learned about 500English words when we were 6 years old. 我们六岁时就已经学了500个英语单词。
一般过去时和现在完成时用法区别（详细点） 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. 不受时间限制的 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 客观存在 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 3) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性、特征。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. ※4)由连词if unless before as soon as when once however 等引起的时间(条件、让步)状语从句,需要用一般现在时,表示将来时. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 现在完成时用法解析 1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2.用法 （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表
①一般过去时的基本用法 a)表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与过去时间连用. a moment ago(刚才)，yesterday morning，last night/ week，the day before yesterday(前天)，just now(刚才)等。 He suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天他突然生病了。 b)表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 I wrote home once a week at college. 我上大学时每周给家里写一封信. c)表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。 She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully. 她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。 d)在时间、条件状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时. We would not leave until the teacher came back. 老师回来我们才会离开。 ②一般过去时的特殊用法 a)在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。 I wish I were twenty years younger. 但愿我年轻20岁。 b)在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气 Might I come and see you tonight? 我想今晚来看你，好吗？ 现在完成时的用法: 1) 表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，一般不与过去时间连用，常同already, just, yet等状语连用例：I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上。（结果是灯已经关上了） She has lost her bike. 她把自行车丢了。（影响是他现在没有自行车骑了） 2) 表示开始于过去、持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能继续下去（也可能不继续下去），常同包括现在在内的时间状语连，也同“for+时间段”或“since＋时间点”的状语连用 She has taught in the school for ten years. 她在这所学校教书已经10年了。 I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast. 我从早饭起就一直没有吃东西。
现在完成时专项练习 一、用since和for填空 1______ two years 2_______ two years ago 3_______lastmonth 4______1999 5 _______ yesterday 6 _______ 4 o’clock 7 ______ 4 hours 8_______ an hour ago 9_______ we were children 10 _____ lunch time 11 ______ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 13. I’ve known him __________ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years. 16 It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. 17 How long have you been here?-______ half past three. 18How long has that car been here?-______ yesterday. 19 How long have you been in this school?-______ four years. 20 How long has that boy been in your class?-______ six weeks. 21 How long have you lived here?-______ 1996 二、用have(has) been、have(has) gone 、have/has been to/in, have gone to填空。 1、A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island. A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days. A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there. A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place? B: He _____________ there only once. 2、Where is Jack? He __________ his country. John _______ England since he came back. How long _____ he _____ this village? The Smiths ______ Beijing for years. _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times. I _____ this school since three years ago. 三、选择填空
现在完成时与一般过去时专项练习 每日一句 God helps those who help themselves. Review 单项选择题 1.Mother _____ me a new coat yesterday. I _______ it on. It fits me well. A. had made…have tried B. made…have tried C. has made…tried D. made…tried 2 “He ____to draw horses already”. “When ______ he ?” “ Last year “ A. learned...has B. learned (i) C. has learned...has D. has learned (i) 3.Tom _____up into the tree. Look, he ____ high up there ! A. has got…is B. has climbed…was C. got …was D. climbed…is 4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago. A. Did…copy…did B. Have…copied…have C. Have…copied…did D. Did …copy…had 5. “Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now .” A. did…get…shouted B. has…got…shouted C. di d…get…has shouted D. has…got…has shouted 6. ______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ? A. Have …seen…did…see B. Did …see…did…watch C. Have…seen…have…seen D. Did …see…have…seen 7.You ____ me waiting for two hours. I ____ for you since five. A. kept…waited B. have kept…waited C. kept…have waited D. have kept…have waited 8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library. He _________ there for an hour. A.has…been…has gone B. has…gone…has been C. did…go…went D. did…be…went 9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying. A. Has…cried…has stopped B. Is…crying…stopped C. Did …cry…stopped D. Is…crying…has stopped 10. I _______ the way. I ________ here for quite many years. A. knew...have lived B. kne w (iv) C. know...have lived D. know (iv) Summary 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 （一）一般过去时态和现在完成时态的概念 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作常与yesterday, yesterday afternoon, last year, in 1965, a moment ago等表示过去的时间状语连用, 例如： He came here yesterday. 现在完成时表示过去的动作（或状态）对现在产生的_________, 例如： He has broken his bottle.
1、一般过去时 与 现在完成时 的区别 2、一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作； ?现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响或结果。 3、 ?例如：We are good friends(现在情况) ?我们是好朋友。 ?I got to know him in 2005. (过去的动作) ?我在2005年认识（结识）他 ?We have known each other since 2005. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在) ?自从2005年来我们就相互认识 ?4、Linda has a big house. (现在情况) ?She bought the house ten years ago. (过去的动作) ?She has owned the house for ten years. ?She has lived in the house for ten years. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在) ?5、2. 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 ?一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday， last week，…ago， in1980， in October，just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 ?6、现在完成时的时间状语：for， since， so far， ever， never， just， yet，till/until， up to now， in past years， always等，皆不确定或模糊的时间状语。 ?共同的时间状语：this morning， tonight， this November， now， already，recently， lately 等。 ?7、3. 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live，teach， learn， work， study， know.。 ?一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come， go， leave， start， die， finish，become， get married等。 8、 ?I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了） ?I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） ?I got up five hours ago. ?I have been up for five hours. (强调结果） ?Why did you get up so early（强调起床的动作已发生过了） ?9、Who hasn‘t handed in his paper ?(强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争) ?He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续） ?He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续） ?10、Who hasn‘t handed in his paper ?(强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争)
一般过去时 1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t） ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t） ⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were 后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则： 1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted 3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied 5．不规则动词过去式：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 现在完成时： 基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） （1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词 come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead …… a）1.have代替buy
现在完成时和过去完成时这两个时态的相似之处是动作都发生在过去，差别是两个时态所对应的时间参照点不一样。 现在完成时的动作发生在过去，但是时间参照点是现在 过去完成时的动作发生在过去，但是时间参照点是过去的某一时间。请看下面两个例句 -I have lived in Thailand for five years. (我目前在泰国已经住了五年了) live(居住)是上面例句的谓语，那么这个动作显然是发生在过去(五年前)，但是一直持续到现在，我们的时间参照点是“现在、当下”。我们再看下面一个例句： I had lived in Thailand for five years before I went to China. (在我来中国之前，我已经在泰国住了五年了) live这个动作发生在过去，是前面句子的谓语，但是整句话的时间参照点变成了before I went to China，这个动作也是过去的一个时间点，所以我们要把go 变成went。所以从上面两个例句中大家可以看出，其实这两个时态的不同之处就在于时间参照点的不同。总结一下，现在完成时用来表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，通常我们可以用现在完成时态表达三类情况： 第一、经验 -I have seen that movie before. (我之前看过那部电影) 凡是我们谈论之前的经验，看过、听过、吃过、去过、读过等等的经验都可以用现在完成是来表达，那么上面例句的意思是我不仅看过那部电影，而且我对电影的情节还有印象。 第二、持续 -I have known John since we were kids. (当我们还是小孩的时候我就认识John了) Know(认识)这个动作发生在过去，而参照点是现在，说明我们现在还是朋友，而且友谊还可能继续持续下去 第三、改变 -I have bought a new car. (我买了一辆新车) buy这个动作发生在过去，但是时间参照点是现在，其实言下之意是我不仅买了一辆新车，而且这辆新车我现就在我家，我随时都能用。之前没有车，现在有车了，这就是改变。 那么过去完成是则是谈论过去的两个动作谁先谁后的问题，请看下例：-The plane left at 5 pm. (飞机下午五点起飞的) -We arrived at the airport at 6 pm. (我们六点到的机场) 上面两个句子都是一般过去时，表示两件完整的发生在过去的事情，这个时候我们可以用过去完成时态把这两个句子串起来，就变成了下面的句子：-The plane had left when we arrived at the airport.