毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译
院系：商学系
年级专业：08国际商务
姓名：石华聪
学号：0801022145
附件：The Development of Transportation and
Logistics in Asia: An Overview
The Development of Transportation and Logistics in Asia: An Overview
Abstract
Asia's trade has soared over the past two decades. An integrated and global direct distribution business model has already been developed to ship products directly from Asia to Western and other markets along the global supply chain. In spite of their rich resources, Asian countries have not been able to utilize their vast potential due to the lack of regional connectivity and to the existence of "choke points" in Asian supply chains. An Asia-wide transport and logistics network is essential for Asian countries to get their goods to markets more effectively, but its overall progress has so far been limited. An innovative approach is needed to address the physical infrastructure as well as the nonphysical, soft infrastructure issues. This article concludes with solutions identified by Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).The focus of this article is on selected areas within.
Overview
With the fast pace of globalization since the 1980s, particularly the outsourcing of manufacturing and services from developed Western countries to low-cost Asian developing countries, Asian economies
have been growing rapidly and have become the world factory of finished goods. Asia's trade has soared over the past two decades, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) in particular recording explosive growth. The PRC' s exports grew at an average of more than 18 percent per year between 1990 and 2007, while the other eight emerging economies among Asia's top-10 exporters recorded export growth of more than 10 percent a year (Brooks and Stone 2010). A business model that is integrated and global, uses direct distribution, and emphasizes shipping high-value products from Asian factories directly to worldwide markets has been developed by multinational firms. This integrated model replaces the traditional multiechelon, pushbased intemational distribution model; it also helps to reduce redundant inventories along the global supply chain and speeds up time to market (Su 2007). Due to all these changes, Asia now accounts for about
one-fourth of world trade and world gross domestic product (GDP), respectively (World Bank 2006).
With about 4.1 billion people in 2009 (PRB 2009), Asia is the most populous region in the world, accounting for 60 percent of population and representing enormous market opportunities for multinational firms. There are around 20 cross-regional free trade agreements (FTAs) at different stages of implementation there. The consolidation of FTAs improves economic welfare compared to the current bilateralism. A
