托福知识分类词汇1.astronomy 天文astronomy天文学astronomical天文的astronomical observatory天文台astronomical instruments天文仪器astronomical telescope天文望远镜astronomical observation天文观测astronomical unit天文单位astronomical almanac天文年历; = yearbook planetarium天文馆astronomer天文学家astrophysics天文物理学astrophysicist天文物理学家astrophotograph天体摄影影图astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学hidebound包紧的; 思想狭隘的pinnacle (peak; summit; apex)巅; 顶峰deviate偏离cosmos (universe)宇宙cosmology宇宙学infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic force宇宙力cosmic dust宇宙尘cosmic noise宇宙噪声cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线cosmic speed宇宙速度celestial天的celestial body (heavenly body)天体celestial map (sky atlas)天体团celestial sphere天球celestial globe天球仪celestial mechanics天体力学celestial navigation天文导航; = astronavigation stellar星的nebula(复数 nebulae 或 nebulas) 星云nebular (nebulous)星云的; 星云状的dwarf (dwarf star)矮星quasar类星体; 类星射电源constellation星座galaxy (Milky Way)银河系observable可观察到的cluster星团solar太阳的solar system太阳系solar corona日冕solar flare日辉; 太阳耀斑solar prominence日珥solar eclipse日食solar radiation太阳辐射planet行星planetoid (asteroid)小行星revolve旋转; 绕转twinkle闪烁naked eye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的lunar eclipse月蚀lunar probe月球探测器lunar astronaut登月宇航员;= lunarnaut;lunanaut lunar module登月舱; = lunar excursion module lunar rover月面车; = lunar roving vehicle lunarscape月面景色; = moonscapephase月相; 阶段meteor流星meteor shower流星雨meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet彗星space (outer space)太空; 外层空间spacecraft (spaceship)宇宙飞船space capsule宇宙飞船座舱; 航天舱spacelab太空实验室spaceman宇航员; 航天员; = astronaut; cosmonaut space suit宇航服; 航天服space shuttle航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜2.geography 地理geography地理geographer地理学家hemisphere半球northern&southern hemispheres北半球和南半球eastern&western hemispheres东半球和西半球meridian子午线; 经线parallel平行圈; 纬线latitude纬度high latitudes高纬度地区low latitudes低纬度地区temperate latitudes温带地区longitude经度horizon地平线equator赤道Tropics热带地区Arctic北极Antarctic (Antarctica)南极expedition探险zone气候带time zone时区topography地形plain平原plateau (highland)高地lowland低地basin盆地cavern (cave)洞穴terrain地域subterranean (underground)地底下coastland沿海地区island岛屿continental island地陆岛volcanic island火山岛coral island珊瑚岛island小岛peninsular半岛continent大陆continental shelf大陆架ranges山脉valley峡谷canyon (通常谷底有溪涧流过的)峡谷channel (strait)海峡survey测绘elevation海拔altitude高度remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的; 陆地的terrestrial heat地热；＝ geothermal; heat of the earth's int terrestrial magnetism (geomag地磁3.Geology 地质Geology地质学geologist (geologic an)地质学家geological (geologic)地质学的geologic age (geological time)地质时代geologic map地质图geological survey地质调查geochronology地质年代学geosciences (earth science)地球科学crust地壳continental crust大陆地壳oceanic crust海洋地壳layer地层；＝ stratum;复数 strata mantle地幔core地核plate板块plate tectonics板块构造论fault断层fault plane断层面fault zone断层带rift (crack; split)断裂disintegration (decomposition)分解erosion侵蚀fossil化石rock岩石igneous rock火成岩sedimentary rock沉积岩metamorphic rock变质岩quartz石英limestone石灰岩marble大理石granite花岗岩lithogenqus岩石成的lithosphere岩石圈magma岩浆prospect勘探sounding测探mine采矿mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床platinum白金; 铂copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zine锌nickel镍mercury (quicksilver)汞; 水银gem宝石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacial epoch (age, period)冰川期glacial drift冰碛iceberg冰山(ice)sheet冰原; 冰盖frigid (refrigerated; freezin寒冷的plummet（气温)急剧下降thaw (melt)融化retreat后退terminate(end)结束volcano火山active volcano活火山extinct volcano死火山dormant volcano休眠火山eruption火山喷发crater火山口lava火山岩浆scoria火山渣volcanic火山的volcanic dust火山尘volcanic ash火山灰volcanic bombs火山弹earthquake地震；＝ quake; tremor; seism seismology地震学magnitude震级epicenter震中hypocenter (focus)震源wave地震波（earthquake; seismic; shock ～)cataclysm灾变4.meteorology 气象meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家forecast (predict)预报weather天气weathercast气象报告weather chart (weather map)天气图weather station气象站weather balloon气象气球weather eye气象观察器; 气象卫星weather satellite气象卫星climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层front（气）锋current（气）流vapor蒸汽damp (wet; moist; humid)潮湿的humidity湿度moisture潮湿; 水分saturate饱和dew露frost霜fog (mist)雾smog烟雾droplet小水珠condense浓缩crystal水晶体coalescence聚合; 合并downpour大雨tempest (storm)暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨sleet雨夹雪hail冰雹blizzard (snowstorm)暴风雪avalanche (snowslide)雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水breeze微风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado (twister; cyclone)龙卷风funnel漏斗; 漏斗云swirl (whirl)旋动rotate旋转counterclockwise逆时针方向disaster灾难；＝ calamity; catastrophe devastation破坏treacherous危险的; 变化莫测的disastrous灾难的; = destructive; devastating submerge淹没flood洪水arid (dry)干燥的aridity干燥drought旱灾5.chemistry 化学chemistry化学inorganic chemistry无机化学organic chemistry有机化学physical chemistry物理化学industrial chemistry工业化学synthetic chemistry合成化学biochemistry生物化学chemist化学家overlap重叠chemical化学的chemical property化学特性; 化学性能chemical composition (makeup)化学成分chemical agent化学试剂chemical reaction化学反应chemical change化学变化chemical bond化学键chemical equation (formula)化学方程式（公式）chemical symbol化学符号chemical industry化学工业chemical apparatus化学器械substance (matter; material)物质element元素periodic table周期表hydrogen氢oxygen氧nitrogen氮helium氦carbon碳calcium钙potassium钾silicon硅sulfur硫iodine碘uranium铀compound化合物hydrocarbon碳氢化合物derivative衍生物alchemy炼金术petroleum (oil)石油petroleum products石油产品crude oil原油refine提炼; 精炼gasoline汽油solution溶液dissolve溶解solvent溶剂solubility可溶性cohesive聚合力adhesive粘合力atom原子nucleus原子核electron电子neutron中子proton质子molecule分子particle粒子particle accelerator粒子加速器catalysis(复数catalyses)催化作用catalyst催化剂behave起（某种）作用alter (change; convert)改变transformation (alteration)变换; 转换process (变化)过程artificial人造的synthetic合成的synthetic fiber合成纤维scarce缺乏的; 稀有的superior优良的; 优越的elastic有弹性的resist抗; 耐polymer聚合物polymerization聚合作用plastic塑料dye染料cosmetics化妆品6.physics 物理physics物理classical physics经典物理学modern physics现代物理学physicist物理学家experimental physicist实验物理学家theoretical physicist理论物理学家mechanics力学thermodynamics热力学acoustics声学electromagnetism电磁学optics光学dynamics动力学force力velocity速度acceleration加速度uniform acceleration匀速加速度equilibrium平衡stationary静止的statics静力学motion运动inertia惯性mass质量expand膨胀contract收缩gravitation引力relativity相对gravity地心引力vibration震动medium (media)媒质frequency频率wavelength波长pitch音高intensity强度echo回声resonance洪亮; 回声sonar声纳microphone麦克风; 扩音器ultrasonic超声学electricity电static electricity静电magnetism磁性; 磁力magnet磁体electromagnet电磁magnetic field磁场electric current电流direct (electric) current直流电alternating (electric) current交流电electric circuit电路electric charge电荷electric voltage电压electric shock触电electric appliance电器conductor导体insulator绝缘体semiconductor半导体battery (cell)电池dry battery干电池storage battery蓄电池electronics电子学electronic电子的electronic component (part)电子零件integrated circuit集成电路chip集成电路片; 集成块electron tube电子管vacuum tube真空管transistor晶体管diode二极管terminal端子; 终端amplification（名词）放大amplify（动词）放大amplifier放大器; 扬声器oscillation震荡optical光（学）的optical fiber光学纤维optical disk (disc)光盘lens透镜; 镜片convex凸透镜concave凹透镜microscope显微镜telescope望远镜magnifier放大镜spectrum光谱ultraviolet紫外线X rays X射线Gamma raysγ射线infrared红外线microwaves微波reflect反射refract折射emit发（光、热、气味等）dispersion色散transparent透明translucent半透明opaque不透明的7 mathematics 数学mathematics数学pure mathematics纯粹数学applied mathematics应用数学mathematician数学家arithmetic算术calculation计算calculator计算器abacus算盘numeral数字sum和total (sum total)总和, 总数aggregate总计fraction分数, 小数decimal十进位, （十进）小数digit数字, 数位percentage百分比addition加法plus加上subtraction减法minus减去multiplication乘法multiplication table乘法表multiply乘以times乘以power乘方square平方division除法divide除以over (介词）除以denominator分母numerator分子quotient商remainder余数algebra代数quantity表示量的数（或符号）unknown quantity未知数（量）equation方程式, 等式formula公式root根square root平方根cube root立方根geometry n.几何,几何学plane geometry平面几何solid geometry立体几何geometric几何的dimension维parallel adj平行的 n 平行线quadrilateral四边形square正方形area面积rectangle长方形, 矩形polygon多边形rhombus菱形; 菱形六面体trapezoid梯形cube立方形volume体积sphere球形circle圆形ellipse (oval)椭圆形cone圆锥形circumference圆周diameter直径radius半径trigonometry三角学triangle三角形angle角right angle直角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角degree(角) 度calculus微积分differential calculus微分学integral calculus积分学function函数probability概率statistics统计tabulating列表quantitative量的, 数量的qualitative质的, 质量的summarization总结, 归纳sample抽样random随机的; 任意的logic逻辑deduction (inference)推论, 演绎induction归纳8.agriculture 农业agriculture农业agriculture (farming)农业agricultural农业的agricultural products(～ produce ) 农产品agricultural implements（～ tools）农具agricultural engieering农业工程学agriculturist农业经营者；＝ agriculturalistagronomy农艺学agrology土壤学land (soil)土壤; 土地fertile land（～soil) 沃土barren（lean; meager）land 贫瘠地; 不毛之地arable（tilled; cultivated）land 耕地dry land（soil～) 旱地saline-alkali soil盐碱地irrigated land水田; 水浇地unwrought(virgin) land处女地soil particles壤颗粒soil texture土壤质地soil amelioration（～improvement) 土壤改良soil conservation土壤保护soil erosion泥土流失silt粉砂, 泥沙clay黏土, 湿土clod土块agrarian土地的, 农业的mechanization机械化pilot (experimental )试验性的cultivate耕作；＝tillfallow休耕rotation轮作plough犁地；＝ plowloosen (scarify)松土harrow( rake)耙, 耙土ridge田埂furrow犁沟plot小块地；＝ patchranch农场, 牧场plantation种植园orchard果园nursery苗圃seedbed苗床sickle镰刀spade铲, 锹shovel（平头 ) 铲pick稿tractor拖拉机sow(seed)播种harvest收割weed除草weed killer除草剂irrigate灌溉manure(fertilizer)肥料spray喷洒（农药）insecticide(pesticide)杀虫剂pest害虫rust锈病smut黑穗病grain (cereal)谷物, 谷粒granary(grain store)粮仓mill碾, 磨variety品种wheat小麦corn玉米rice大米barley大麦sorghum高粱oats燕麦rye黑麦millet粟, 小米vegetable蔬菜horticulture园艺学hydroponics水栽法, 营养液栽培法greenhouse(glasshouse, hotbed)温室cabbage洋白菜lettuce生菜mustard芥菜spinach菠菜broccoli花椰菜cauliflower花菜cucumber黄瓜eggplant茄子pepper辣椒pumpkin南瓜tomato西红柿beet甜菜carrot胡萝卜radish小红萝卜turnip萝卜pea豌豆snap bean四季豆soybean大豆celery芹菜garlic大蒜leek韭菜onion洋葱头shallot青葱potato土豆peanut花生sesame芝麻cotton棉花flax亚麻hemp大麻husbandry畜牧业; = animal husbandry pasture牧场livestock家畜fowl (poultry)家禽cattle牛, 家畜buffalo野牛dairy (dairy cattle)奶牛dairy farm乳牛场hay（作饲料用）干草haystack干草堆fodder (feed)饲料trough饲料槽barn(shed)牲口槽stable厩, 马厩cowshed牛棚pigpen (hog pen, pigsty)猪圈sheepfold (sheep pen)羊栏roost (hen house)鸡舍fish farm养鱼场aquaculture水产养殖9.HI-TECH 高科技hi-tech (high tech; high tech高科技sophisticated (advanced)先进的precision精密; 精确breakthrough突破; 重大发现（发明）electronic products电子产品electronic control电子控制electronic robot电子机器人electronic camera电子摄像electronic organ电子琴electronic hearing aid电子助听器electronic microscope电子显微镜electronic brain(computer)电脑electronic mail电子邮件Internet互联网World Wide Web互联网modem n. 调制解调器information superhighway信息on-line service网上服务microcomputer n.微型电子计算机microprocessor n.微处理videophone可视电话videotex视传cellular phone移动电话cordless telephone无绳电话digital television数字电视microwave radar微波雷达comsat n. 通讯卫星microwave oven微波炉laser n.激光compact disk光盘CD-ROM激光唱片；光盘videodisc n. 影碟((可播出影像及声音的圆形激光录像片)) optical fiber光学纤维fiber-optic cable光纤电缆fiber-optic communication sys.光纤通讯系统nuclear fuel核燃料nuclear submarine原子能潜水艇solar collector(furnace)太阳能收集器solar cell太阳 (能) 电池synthetics n.合成物counterpart对应的物或人synthetic resin n. 合成树脂synthetic rubber人造橡胶genetic engineering遗传工程 (学)DNA n.脱氧核糖核酸organ transplanting器官移植artificial insemination n. [生物]人工受孕clone n.无性繁殖,克隆10.medicine 医学medicine n. 药,医学,内科medicinal a. 医学的,药的,有益的medicinal herb草药medical a.医学的medical care药疗medical treatment药疗medical examination体格检查medical checkup体格检查medical certificate医生证明medical apparatus医疗器械medical instruments医疗器械medication(medicine;drug)药物tablet n.药片pill n.药丸capsule n.胶囊,瓶帽,太空舱remedy n. 药物,治疗法therapy n.疗法injection n.注射,注入anesthetic n. 麻醉剂narcotic n. 麻醉药,镇静剂 a. 麻醉的,催眠的hypnosis n. 催眠状态；催眠术surgery n.外科手术antibiotic n.\a.抗生素；抗菌的antiviral抗病毒药antitumor drug抗肿瘤药；抗癌药sulfa磺胺类药analgesic n. 镇痛剂，adj. 止痛的pain-killer n. 镇痛剂tranquilizer镇静剂；安定药; 安神药opiate n.镇静剂；麻醉药；安眠药，鸦片制剂contraceptive避孕药tonic n.补药 a.补品的lotion药水ointment n.药膏；油膏elixir n. 长生不老药，仙丹妙药panacea n.万灵药cure-all n. 万灵药euthanasia n. 安乐死administer服用（药物）potency n. 药力efficacy n.药力；功效,效力physician n.内科医生surgeon n.外科医师pediatrician n. 小儿科医师dentist n.牙科医生dental surgeon n.牙科医生gerontologist n. 老龄病医生dietician n. = dietitian，营养学家therapist n.治疗师，理疗师radiologist n.放射科医生anesthetist n. 麻醉师pharmacist n.药剂师druggist n. 药商,药材商,药剂师practitioner n.（私人）开业医生veterinarian n. 兽医diagnosis n.诊断prescription n.药方,处方dispensary n.药房pharmacy n.药房,药剂学emergency n.急救first aid a.急救的 n.急救ailing(ill;sick)生病contract染病afflict vt.使受(疾病）之苦symptom n.症状;征兆coma n. 昏迷状态unconsciousness n.昏厥；无意识,意识不清,人事不省faint vi.昏倒 a.微弱的,无力的indigestion n.消化不良nauseate v. 使作呕，使厌恶vomit vt.呕吐diarrhea n.腹泻injury(cut;wound)受伤bruise n.青肿,伤痕,擦伤hemorrhage n. 出血bleeding a.出血的，流血的disabled adj.残废的handicapped adj. 残障的deformity n.畸形malformation n. 难看,畸形misshape vt. 使造型不佳,弄成畸形cripple n.跛子,残废的人limp a.软的；无精神的，无生气的vi.蹒跚,跛行lame a.跛的,瘸的myopia n. 近视，缺乏远见nearsightedness n. 近视眼levophobia恐左症incurable(fatal)无法治愈的; 致命的leukemia白血病AIDS n.艾滋病，即获得性免疫缺损综合症syphillis梅毒cancer n.癌,癌症carcinogen n. 致癌物质benign adj.良性的；和蔼的；温和的malignant adj.恶性的；恶毒的；恶意的epidemic adj.传染性的,流行性的endemic adj. 地方流行的（病）incidence n.发病率；影响范围,发生toll n.伤亡，死亡influenza n.流行感冒flu n. 流感measles n. 麻疹malaria n.疟疾cholera n. 霍乱cholera n. 霍乱yellow fever黄热病infectious a.传染的,感染性的contagious a.（接触）传染的contaminate vt.弄脏,毒害,传染inflammation n.炎症；怒火,发火,燃烧,发炎microorganism n. 微生物,微小动植物germ n.微生物,细菌,幼芽bacteria n.细菌virus n.病毒susceptible a.易患（某种）病；易受影响的;敏感的chicken pox『医』水痘mumps n.腮腺炎tuberculosis n.肺结核hepatitis n. 肝炎polio n. (口语)小儿麻痹症；脊髓灰质炎schistosomiasis n. 血吸虫病snail fever n. 血吸虫病noninfectious非感染性cardiovascular a.(病等)心血管的hypertension n. 高血压,过度紧张high blood pressure高血压heart attack『医』心脏病发作,心脏麻痹stroke vt.打,击;抚摩n.敲击；中风；抚摸electrocardiograph心电图arthritis n.关节炎rheumatism n.[医]风湿diabetes n.糖尿病bronchitis n. 支气管炎anemia n. 贫血，贫血症insomnia n. 失眠症obesity n.肥胖症allergy n. 过敏症，厌恶asthma n. 哮喘症appendicitis n. 阑尾炎,盲肠炎chronic a.慢性的,习惯性的 n.慢性病患者acute a.急性hygiene n. 卫生；保健学sanitary a.清洁的；保健的；卫生的inspect vt.检查,审查,检阅immunization n. 免疫vaccination n. 预防注射，种痘；疫苗complication n.复杂,混乱,并发症incubator n.（婴儿）恒温箱；孵化器11.physiology 生理学physiology n.生理学physiologist n. 生理学家anatomy n.人体结构；解剖学autopsy n. 验尸，解剖，实地调查dissect v.解剖scalpel n.解剖刀，(外科用)小刀cell n.细胞,小房间tissue n.薄绢,薄纸巾;组织organ n.器官;机构;风琴organ system器官系统digestive system n. 消化系统ingest v.摄取；吸收（食物）saliva n.唾液intestine n.肠small intestine小肠large intestine『解剖』大肠abdomen n．腹，下腹（胸部到腿部的部份）anus n. 肛门excrete v.排泄pancreas n. 胰腺bile n. 胆汁gallbladder n.胆囊skeletal system骨骼系统skeleton n.骨骼,骨架;骷髅skull n.头盖骨,脑壳rib n.肋骨spine n.脊椎muscular system肌肉系统muscle n.肌肉；力量muscle fiber肌肉纤维voluntary muscle随意肌；横纹肌involuntary muscle平滑肌contract n.契约,合同cramp n. 铁箍,夹子respiratory system呼吸系统nostril n. 鼻孔windpipe n. 气管,嗓门lung n.肺exhale v.呼气inhale vt.吸入pulmonary adj. 肺的，对肺有影响的 circulatory system『生理』循环系统cardiology n. 心脏病学arteriosclerosis n. 动脉硬化blood vessel血管artery n.动脉,要道vein n.静脉,血管capillary n. 毛细管 a. 毛状的,毛细管的plasma n.血浆liver n.肝脏metabolism n.新陈代谢urinary system泌尿系统urinary bladder n. [解]膀胱kidney n.肾,腰子,性格nephron n. 『解』肾元,肾单位reproductive system生殖系统reproduction n.生殖puberty n. 发育期；青春期，春情发动期 egg n.蛋,卵sperm n.[生]精液；精子，精虫uterus n. 子宫womb n.子宫fertilize v.使肥沃chromosome n. 染色体pregnant a.怀孕的;意义深长的gene n. 基因,因子embryo n. 胚胎fetus n. 胎儿insemination n. 播种,受胎,授精endocrine system内分泌系统gland n.腺体hormone n. 荷尔蒙，激素secrete vt.分泌；隐藏nervous system『解』神经系统central nervous system中枢神经系统neuron n. 『解剖』神经元reflex n.条件反射neuroscience n. 神经系统科学((任何一门关于神经系统的科学, neurobiology n. 『医』神经生物学12.food 食品food n.食品foodstuff n.食品，粮食food chain『生态』食物链health food健康 [保健] 食品green foodstuff绿色食品convenience food速食 [便利] 食品edible a.可食用的 n.食品,食物inedible a. 不适于食用的,不能吃的diet n.日常饮食dietary a.饮食的FDA Food and Drug Administrationvegetarian n.素食者cereal n.谷类,五谷,禾谷grain n.谷物,谷粒,颗粒flour n.面粉,粉末bread n.面包pastry n.糕点,点心pista面条类食品yeast n.酵母leaven n. 发酵剂，影响力 v. 发酵ferment v.发酵fruit n. 水果,果类,结果salad n.色拉meat n.荤食；肉beef n.牛肉steak n. 肉排,牛排ground beef绞牛肉；牛肉酱hamburger n.汉堡包pork n.猪肉mutton n. 羊肉poultry n.[总称]家禽dairy n.牛奶场,乳制品butter n.黄油,奶油cheese n.乳酪,干酪cream n.奶油ice cream冰淇淋yogurt n.酸奶酪nutrient a. 营养的,滋养的 n. 营养物,滋养物；营养成分carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物glucose n. 葡萄糖fructose n. 果糖maltose n. 麦芽糖starch n.淀粉fat a.肥胖的 n.脂肪,肥肉fat-free a.不含脂肪的protein n.蛋白质vitamin n.维生素calorie n.卡路里nourishing a. 有营养的,滋养多的nutritious a.有营养的malnourished a. 营养失调的,营养不良的nutrition n.营养process加工raw a.生的；未加工的preserve vt.保存additive n.添加剂packaging n. 包装vacuum packing真空包装restaurant n.餐馆,饭店coffee shop n. 咖啡店(=coffee house)cafeteria n. 自助餐厅menu n.菜单bar n.酒吧间,条,杆beverage n.饮料wine n.葡萄酒liquor n.烈性酒alcoholic adj.酒的，含酒精的non-alcoholic不含酒精的；不喝酒的meal n.一餐；粗磨粉oatmeal n. 燕麦片,燕麦粥buffet n.饮食柜台；餐台egg n.蛋,卵fried egg(sunny-side up;over)荷包蛋（单煎一面；煎两面）scrambled egg炒鸡蛋poached egg n.水煮荷包蛋ham and eggs n. 火腿蛋bacon n. 熏猪肉,培根肉sausage n.香肠,腊肠appetizer n.开胃品course n.课程,过程,一道菜dessert n.甜点refreshments n. 点心；茶点banquet n.宴会,盛会,酒席cuisine n. 烹饪recipe n.菜谱;处方spice n.香料,调味品seasoning n.调味品spread涂抹食品的酱dressing填馅；调料bake vt.烤,烘,烧硬roast vt.烤,炙,烘barbecue n.烤肉，野餐broil v.烧；烤grill v.烤,烤问,n.烤架toast vt.烘，烤（面包）n.祝酒,祝酒词；烤面包stew vt.炖；焖simmer v.煨, 炖gourmet n.美食家connoisseur n. 鉴赏家，行家。
