病理学期中考试题

病理学1.下列哪种不属于细胞适应性改变() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.萎缩○ B.增生○ C.变性(正确答案)○ D.化生2.下列不属于坏死的形式是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.病理性色素沉着(正确答案)○ B.湿性坏疽○ C.纤维素样坏死○ D.脂肪坏死3.虎斑心的组织学改变是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.心肌纤维间大量淋巴细胞浸润○ B.心肌纤维间出现脂肪堆积○ C.心肌细胞内出现脂肪堆积(正确答案)○ D. 心肌细胞中出现透明蛋白小体4.下列叙述中不会发生化生的是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.胃腺上皮化生为肠腺上皮○ B.柱状上皮化生为鳞状上皮○ C.纤维组织化生为软骨组织○ D.鳞状上皮化生为纤维组织(正确答案)5.关于凋亡与坏死的叙述中不正确的是() [单选题] [必答题] ○ A.凋亡是主动进行的耗能过程○ B.凋亡一定引起周围组织的炎症反应(正确答案)○ C.凋亡小体是凋亡的重要标志○ D.坏死是不耗能的被动过程6.下列哪种细胞再生能力最强() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.肾小管上皮细胞○ B.骨骼肌细胞○ C.男性生殖管腔的被覆细胞(正确答案)○ D.神经细胞7.肉芽组织和瘢痕组织的形成过程不包括() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.血管生成○ B.组织钙化(正确答案)○ C.肉芽组织纤维化○ D.组织重构8.以下创伤中可以完全修复的是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.闭合性骨折(正确答案)○ B.一期愈合的手术切口○ C二期愈合的手术切口○ D.三度烧伤的创面9.伤口愈合时，对增加伤口愈合强度起主要作用的是() [单选题] [必答题] ○ A.毛细血管○ B.良好的血供○ C.细胞外基质(正确答案)○ D.金属蛋白酶10.参与瘢痕修复过程最重要的细胞是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.上皮细胞○ B.成纤维细胞(正确答案)○ C.单核巨噬细胞○ D.内皮细胞11.槟榔肝内可见() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.出血性梗死○ B.肝小叶结构破坏○ C.肝内脓肿○ D.肝血窦扩张淤血，肝细胞脂肪变性(正确答案)12.下列哪项不是血栓形成的条件() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.心血管内膜损伤○ B.血流缓慢或形成涡流○ C.血液凝固性增加○ D.纤维蛋白溶解酶增加(正确答案)13.微循环血管壁通透性增高引起的出血类型是() [单选题] [必答题] ○ A.渗出性出血○ B.破裂性出血○ C.漏出性出血(正确答案)○ D.外出血14.最常见的栓子来源是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.血栓(正确答案)○ B.脂肪○ C.空气○ D.羊水15.关于梗死的叙述中错误的是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.肠扭转会造成出血性梗死○ B.心的梗死灶为节段形(正确答案)○ C.急性感染性心内膜炎可引发败血性梗死○ D.梗死是由于组织或局部器官血供受阻导致的缺氧而引发的坏死16.炎症渗出液对机体的积极意义不包括() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.稀释中和毒素○ B.渗出液中的白细胞吞噬杀灭病原微生物○ C.营养局部浸润的白细胞○ D.集聚于浆膜腔，影响正常生理活动(正确答案)17.不属于化脓性炎的是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.大叶性肺炎(正确答案)○ B.脑脓肿○ C.蜂窝织炎性阑尾炎○ D.输卵管积脓18.以纤维蛋白原渗出为主的急性炎症是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.风湿性关节炎○ B.流行性出血热○ C.绒毛心(正确答案)○ D.脑脓肿19.肉芽肿的主要细胞成分是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.嗜酸性粒细胞○ B.淋巴细胞○ C.中性粒细胞○ D.上皮样细胞和多核巨细胞(正确答案)20.急性炎症中白细胞的防御作用叙述不正确的是() [单选题] [必答题] ○ A.白细胞通过边集和滚动在血管壁表面游走○ B.白细胞黏附于血管内皮细胞是其从血管游出的前提○ C.白细胞游出不需化学趋化因子的介导(正确答案)○ D.白细胞激活后在局部发挥吞噬及免疫等作用21.下列不符合肿瘤性增生的是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.生长旺盛○ B.与机体不协调○ C.细胞分化成熟能力降低○ D.增生过程中需要致癌因素持续存在(正确答案)22.下列哪种肿瘤的发生一般情况下与病毒无关() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.肺癌(正确答案)○ B.鼻咽癌○ C.子宫颈癌○ D.肝癌23.下列哪种肿瘤以局部破坏为主，很少发生转移() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.腺癌○ B.鳞癌○ C.基底细胞癌(正确答案)○ D.黑色素瘤24.下列属于上皮组织恶性肿瘤的是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.纤维肉瘤○ B.鳞状细胞癌(正确答案)○ C.乳头状瘤○ D.脂肪瘤25.下列关于癌和肉瘤的区别，错误的是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.癌多经血道转移，肉瘤多经淋巴道转移(正确答案)○ B.癌发生于上皮组织，肉瘤发生于间叶组织○ C.癌实质间质分界清楚，肉瘤多弥散分布○ D.癌组织质地较硬，色灰白26.大叶性肺炎患者出现明显发绀等缺氧症状时，提示病变处于() [单选题] [必答题] ○ A.充血水肿期○ B.红色肝样变期(正确答案)○ C.灰色肝样变期○ D.溶解消散期27.肺泡中央型肺气肿病变特点是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.肺泡扩张○ B.呼吸性细支气管扩张(正确答案)○ C.呼吸性细支气管和肺泡均扩张○ D.终末细支气管扩张28.下列关于肺尘埃沉着病说法正确的是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.吸入的二氧化硅尘粒越大，密度越高，致病力越强○ B.早期硅结节是一种肉芽肿性变○ C.硅肺性空洞是合并结核病的结果(正确答案)○ D.离开硅肺作业环境，病变可停止发展29.慢性支气管炎患者咳痰的病变基础是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.支气管粘膜上皮细胞坏死脱落○ B.黏膜下腺体增生肥大，浆液性上皮发生黏液腺化生(正确答案) ○ C.管壁充血水肿，淋巴细胞浸润○ D.管壁平滑肌断裂萎缩30.痰涂片阳性率最高的肺癌类型是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.鳞状细胞癌(正确答案)○ B.腺癌○ C.小细胞癌○ D.大细胞胞31.慢性萎缩性胃炎B型的特点是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.病变主要在胃窦部，与幽门螺杆菌感染有关(正确答案)○ B.血清壁细胞抗体阳性○ C.常伴有恶性贫血○ D.胃酸分泌明显降低32.消化性溃疡最好发生于() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.胃小弯近幽门部○ B.十二指肠球部(正确答案)○ C.胃体部○ D.十二指肠下段33.病毒性肝炎的基本病变不包括() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.气球样变○ B.脂肪变性(正确答案)○ C.嗜酸性变○ D.溶解坏死34.食管癌的描述中，错误的是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.食管上段最常见(正确答案)○ B.鳞状细胞癌多见○ C.常经淋巴道转移○ D.亚硝盐与食管癌的发生有关35.肝硬化假小叶的说法错误的是() [单选题] [必答题]○ A.小叶内干细胞排列紊乱，可有脂肪变性、坏死(正确答案)○ B.小叶内中央静脉常缺如、偏位或两个以上○ C.小叶内出现汇管区○ D.再生肝细胞体积大，核大且深染，可见双核36.恶性葡萄胎与绒毛膜癌的主要区别是 [单选题] [必答题]○ A. 出血坏死明显○ B. 细胞增生，具有异型性○ C. 浸润肌层○ D. 有绒毛结构(正确答案)37.我国门脉性肝硬变(小结节性肝硬变)的常见原因是 [单选题] [必答题] ○ A.慢性酒精中毒○ B.营养缺乏○ C.毒物中毒○ D.病毒性肝炎(正确答案)38.胃溃疡最常见的并发症是 [单选题] [必答题]○ A.梗阻○ B.穿孔○ C.出血(正确答案)○ D.癌变39.消化性胃溃疡最好发于 [单选题] [必答题]○ A.胃小弯近幽门部○ B.十二指肠球部(正确答案)○ C.胃与十指肠球部○ D.胃体部40.进展期胃癌肉眼观形态 [单选题] [必答题]○ A.表浅凹陷型○ B.隆起性○ C.息肉性(正确答案)○ D.标签平坦型41.病毒性肝炎基本病变中，属于间叶反应性增生及干细胞再生的是 [单选题] [必答题] ○ A.Kuptler大细胞(正确答案)○ B.气球样变性○ C.Acidoplilic body○ D.点状坏死42.肝硬化常见并发症是 [单选题] [必答题]○ A.上消化道大出血(正确答案)○ B.肝性昏迷○ C.原发性肝癌○ D.功能性肾衰竭43.溃疡病在病理组织损伤至少要深达哪一层 [单选题] [必答题]○ A.粘膜层○ B.粘膜肌层○ C.粘膜下(正确答案)○ D.浆膜层44.与免疫复合物无关的肾小球肾炎是 [单选题] [必答题] ○ A.膜性肾小球肾炎○ B.新月体性肾小球肾炎○ C.轻微病变性肾小球肾炎(正确答案)○ D.膜性增生性肾小球肾炎45.下列哪项不是肾病综合征的表现 [单选题] [必答题]○ A.低蛋白血症○ B.血尿(正确答案)○ C.严重水肿○ D.高脂血症46.肾细胞癌的特点 [单选题] [必答题]○ A.侵犯肾静脉，易造成血道转移(正确答案)○ B.肿瘤组织内可见软骨肌肉○ C.肿瘤边界不清○ D.不发生出血47.慢性肾盂肾炎的大体标本病变特征是 [单选题] [必答题] ○ A.原发性固缩肾○ B.马鞍肾(正确答案)○ C.大红肾○ D.颗粒性固缩肾48.引起肾盂肾炎最常见的致病菌是 [单选题] [必答题]○ A.葡萄球菌○ B.变形杆菌○ C.大肠杆菌(正确答案)○ D.链球菌49.急性肾小球肾炎是一种 [单选题] [必答题] ○ A.化脓性炎○ B.出血性炎○ C.变质性炎○ D.增生性炎(正确答案)50.膀胱癌最常见组织学类型 [单选题] [必答题] ○ A.鳞状细胞癌○ B.腺癌○ C.移行细胞癌(正确答案)○ D.未分化癌。

病理学期中试题姓名: 班级: 得分(将选这题答案填入下表)一．填空题（15×2′=30′）1．“肥大”是指：( )A．实质细胞数目增多B．实质细胞体积增大C．组织、器官体积的增大D．是细胞、组织、器官体积的增大2．一种成熟的组织变成另一种成熟组织的过程称：( )A．机化B．钙化C．分化D．化生3.槟榔肝是由____引起的：( )A．肝脂变 B. 坏死后性肝硬化C．门脉性肝硬化D．慢性肝淤血4．炎症防御反应中最重要的环节：( )A．吞噬作用B．白细胞的渗出C．炎细胞的侵润D．免疫作用5．关于炎症的概念，较恰当的说法是：( )A白细胞对细菌的一种作用B由损伤引起的细胞变化C细胞生长异常的一种形式D组织对损伤的一种防御为主的反应6．急性炎症可分( )A．浆液性炎和出血性 B．浆液性炎和化脓性炎C．浆液性炎和纤维性炎D．浆液性炎、纤维性炎、化脓性炎和出血性炎7.死亡频临期的表现: ( )A体温下降 B血压降低 C心跳减弱 D以上都是8.判断死亡的原因正确的是( )A脑血液循环正常,脑电波消失 B对外界无反应，脑血液循坏停止C自主呼吸停止，脑电波减弱 D心跳、呼吸停止，代谢微弱9坏死的结局( )A糜烂 B溃疡 C空洞 D以上都是10．在慢性炎症中，下列哪种细胞最常见? ( )A．嗜酸性粒细胞 B淋巴细胞 C．中性粒细胞 D．肥大细胞11．以变质为主的炎症，其实质细胞的主要变化是：( )A．增生和再生B．萎缩和变性C．变性和坏死D．增生和变性12．良性肿瘤的异型性表现为：( )A．瘤细胞多形性B．瘤细胞核的多形性C．瘤实质及间质排列紊乱D．核浆比例异常增大13．诊断恶性肿瘤的主要依据是：( )A．肿瘤有出血坏死B．肿瘤的异型性C．肿瘤的大小D．肿瘤的肉眼形态14．溶血性链球菌最常引起：( )A．蜂窝织炎B．假膜性炎C．坏死性炎D．脓肿15．液化性坏死主要发生于：( )A．肺B．肾C脑D．心二、名词解释（5×3′=15′）1.肿瘤2.梗死3.化脓4．组织增生5.萎缩三．填空题（15×2′=30′）1.肿瘤的生长方式、和。

病理学期中测试题一：名词解释：1：变性答：细胞可逆性损伤，是指细胞或细胞间质受损伤后，由于代谢障碍，使细胞内或细胞间质内出现异常物质或正常物质异常蓄积的现象，通常伴有细胞功能低下。

2：化生：答：一种分化成熟的细胞类型因受刺激因素的作用转变为另一种分化成熟的细胞类型的过程称为化生。

化生通常只发生于同源性的组织细胞，即上皮组织之间或间叶组织之间。

3：梗死：答：局部组织或器官由于血流迅速阻断而引起的缺血性坏死，称为梗死。

4：肉芽肿答：是由巨噬细胞及其演化的细胞局限性浸润和增生所形成的境界清楚的结节状病灶。

5：绒毛心答：发生在心包腔的纤维素性炎，渗出的纤维素随着心脏搏动被牵拉成绒毛状附着于心包膜表面，称为绒毛心。

6：癌前病变答：某些疾病或病变虽然本身不是恶性肿瘤，但具有发展为恶性肿瘤的潜能，患者发生相应恶性肿瘤的风险增加。

二：简答题1：简述坏疽的类型及各型的病变特点答：干性坏疽：坏死组织水分少，蒸发。

干燥皱缩，呈黑褐色，分界明显，四肢末端多见，动脉受阻，静脉通畅。

腐败菌感染一般患病较轻，全生症状无或轻。

湿性坏疽：坏死组织水分多，局部肿胀，暗绿色，分界不清。

与外界相通的内脏或四肢常见，动脉受阻，静脉受阻或不畅。

腐败菌感染重，产生吲哚，粪臭素，恶臭，毒素吸收气性坏疽：坏死组织水分多，含气体，呈蜂窝状，污秽，暗棕色，捻发感。

深达肌肉的开放性又不通畅的创伤，站伤，外伤；厌氧菌感染2：举例说明纤维素炎的病变特点以及好发部位答：特点：以纤维蛋白原渗出为主，继而形成纤维蛋白，即纤维素。

黏膜：渗出的纤维蛋白、坏死组织和中性粒细胞共同形成假膜、假膜性炎喉、气管粘膜——白喉大肠粘膜——细菌性痢疾；浆膜：胸膜——纤维素性胸膜炎，心外膜——纤维素性心外膜炎（绒毛心）；肺：大叶性肺炎3：简述血栓的类型及各型的病变特点答：白色血栓：肉眼观察即呈灰白色小结节或赘生物状，表面粗糙，质实，与血管壁紧密粘着不易脱落。

镜下主要由血小板及少量纤维蛋白构成，又称血小板血栓或析出性血栓。

病理学期中考试试题一、选择题（30分）1．Which of the following pathologic necroses would most likely be seen in pyogenic bacterial infections?A.Caseous necrosisB.Coagulative necrosisC.Fat necrosisD.Fibrinoid necrosisE.Liquefactive necrosis2．Histologic sections of lung tissue from a 68-year-old woman with congestive heart failure and progressive breathing problems reveal numerous hemosiderin-laden cells within the alveoli. Which of the following cells are these "heart failure cells" derived from?A.Endothelial cellsB.EosinophilsC.LymphocytesD.MacrophagesE.Pneumocytes3．Disuse atrophy followsA.Breakage of the duct of an exocrine glandB.Immobilization of a jointC.Interference with the nerve supply to the muscles controlling joint movementD.Interference with the blood supplyE.The diminished secretion of trophic hormones4．Hypertrophy is associated withA.An increase in the number of visible mitosesB.An increase in the bulk of a given tissueC.An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissueD.An absolute decrease in interstitial tissueE. Decrease in functional capacity5．Starvation is associated with a reduction in size of the organs or tissues with the exception of:A.Fat depotsB.HeartC.Skeletal muscleD.LiverE.Bones6．Metaplasia, the transformation of one completely differentiated tissue into another, does not occur in:A.Connective tissue elementsB.The gastrointestinal tractC.The central nervous systemD.The biliary systemE.The urothelium7．Which of the following pathologic findings would most likely be seen in a left ventricle, which had undergone a severe myocardial infarction 1 month earlier?plete resolutionB.Nodular regenerationC.Coagulative necrosisD.Fibrous scarE.Abscess8．After a long train trip, a 45-year-old previously healthy female is found to have swelling and tenderness of her legs. An ultrasound examination reveals findings suggestive of femoral vein thrombosis. Which of the following conditions is most likely to have contributed to this problem?A.PregnancyB.Trousseau syndromeC.Prolonged inactivityD.HypertensionE.Chronic renal failure9．Which of these is the most common cause of pulmonary edema?A.Pulmonary tuberculosisB.PneumoniaC.Left ventricular heart failureD.Renal failureE.Pulmonary embolism10．Which is the main cause for chest pain when in pulmonary infarction?A.Ventilatory disorderB.Pleuritis in the infarct areaC.Stimulation of the bronchi by necrotic tissueD.Stimulation of the bronchi by hemorrhageE.Pulmonary infection11．A coronary artery is shown from the autopsy of a 61-year-old patient who had acute chest pain and difficulty breathing. What is most likely to have resulted from the pathologic findings in this artery?A.Caseous necrosisB.Coagulative necrosisC.ApoptosisD.Fibrinoid necrosisE.Liquefactive necrosis12．Which are the main components found in the alveolar spaces during acute pulmonary congestion?A.Heart failure cellsB.FibrinC.NeutrophilsD.Blood-tinged edema fluidsE.Mucus13．Capillary channels are formed in organized thrombi,which then create conduits and interconnect with the original lumen. This process can partly restore blood flow and is called__A.Establishment of collateral circulationanizationC.AtherothrombosisD.RecanalizationE.Propagation14．Which kind of thrombus is completely composed of fibrin?A.Pale thrombusB.Mixed thrombusC.Red thrombusD.Hyaline thrombusE.Mural thrombus15．Most pulmonary thromboemoboli arise from thrombi within:rge deep veins of the lower legsB.Superficial leg veinsC.Portal veinD.Superior mesenteric veinE.Renal vein16．Fat emboli are most likely be found associated withA.Obstetric proceduresB.Chest wall injuryC.Fractures of long bonesD.Intravenous injectionE.Blood transfusion17．Which of the following infarcts is liquefactive necrosis:A.Pulmonary infarctB.Spleenic infarctC.Intestinal infarctD.Cerebral infarctE.Myocardial infarct18．Which type of epithelial metaplasia is prone to occur in patients with chronic bronchitis?A.Transitional cell metaplasiaB.Mucinous metaplasiaC.Squamous metaplasiaD.Goblet metaplasiaE.Columnar cell metaplasia19．Which of the following is a neoplasm of mesenchymal origin?A.LeukemiaB.Seminal cell tumorC.FibrosarcomaD.LiposarcomaE.All of the above20．Which of the following carcinomas tends to spread via vascular invasion as opposed to lymphatic invasion?A.Lung carcinomaB.Renal cell carcinomaC.Gastric carcinomaD.Colon carcinomaE.Nasopharyngeal carcinoma21．Which gene is most likely to have mutation in the familial breast carcinoma?A.Bcl2 (antiapoptosis gene)B.Brcal (DNA repair gene)C.EGF (epidermal growth factor gene)D.ErbB2 (growth factor receptor gene)E.K-ras (GTP-binding protein gene)22．Which of the following tumors is not malignant?A.MesotheliomaB.SeminomaC.OsteomaD.Wilm’s tumorE.Leukemia23．Which of the following conditions is a not preneoplastic disorder?A.Chronic atrophic gastritisB.Chronic ulcerative colitisC.Leukoplakia of the oral cavityD.Thyroid adenomaE.Papilloma of the penis24．Which of the following features is not true in describing carcinoma in situ?A.Dysplastic changes involve the entire thickness of the epitheliumB.It is preinvasive neoplasmC.It is intramucosal carcinomaD.It is early stage carcinomaE.It does not metastastasize25．The characteristic appearance of a neoplasm depends on which of the following?A.ParenchymaB.MesenchymaC.MetastasisD.AtypiaE.Mitosis26．Basal cell carcinoma is most common in which location in the elderly?A.HandsB.FaceC.FeetD.LiverE.Trunk27． A 45-year-old man has had a fever and dry cough for 3 days, and now has difficulty breathing and a cough productive of sputum. On physical examination his temperature is 38.5℃.Diffuse rales are auscultated over the lower lung fields. A chest radiograph shows a right pleural effusion. A right thoracentesis is performed. The fluid obtained has a cloudy appearance with a cell count showing 5500 leukocytes per microliter, 98% of which are neutrophils. Which of the following terms best describes his pleural process?A.Serous inflammationB.Purulent inflammationC.Fibrinous inflammationD.Chronic inflammationE.Granulomatous inflammation28．All of following are true of neutrophils except:A.Phagocytize bacteriaB.Contain oxidases and proteasesC.First on scene after tissue injuryD.Release histamineE.Life expectancy in tissue is around 4 days29．The most characteristic feature of granulomatous inflammation isA.Aggregations of epithelioid macrophagesB.NecrosisC.Multinucleated giant cellnghans’giant cellsE.Eosinophils30．All of the following are associated with chronic inflammation except:A.Preponderance of lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cellsB.Arises de novo or from acute inflammationsts months to yearsD.Macrophages aggregated through macrophage inhibition factor (MIF)E.Always related to higher levels of tissue damage than seen in acute inflammation二、名词解释（20分）1．Hyaline degeneration2．Lipofuscin3．Metaplasia4．Thrombosis5．Infarct6．Inflammatory polyp7．Granuloma8．Atypia9．Carcinoma in situ10．Carcinosarcoma三、简答题（40分）1．试述干酪样坏死的大体特点和光学显微镜下病变特点，以及病变结局。