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PracticalExperienceswithModernParallelPerformance

AnalysisTools:AnEvaluation

AdamLeko

leko@hcs.ufl.eduHansSherburne

sherburne@hcs.ufl.eduHung-HsunSu

su@hcs.ufl.edu

BryanGolden

golden@hcs.ufl.eduAlanD.George

george@hcs.ufl.edu

High-PerformanceComputingandSimulation(HCS)Laboratory

DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering

UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,FL,USA

ABSTRACT

Achievingasignificantfractionofpeakperformanceona

modernhigh-performancecomputerisachallengingtask.

Fortunately,manyperformanceanalysistoolsexistthatcan

beusedtoimprovetheefficiencyofparallelprograms.How-

ever,whilethesetoolscanbeveryeffectiveattroubleshoot-

ingperformanceproblems,findingtherightperformance

toolforeachsituationcanbeatime-consumingtask.Since

performanceoptimizationisgenerallyconsiderednearthe

endofsoftwaredevelopmentcycles,mostdeveloperscannot

affordtospendtimeexaminingeachavailableperformance

tool.Thus,itiscommonpracticefordeveloperstorelyon

ad-hocperformanceanalysistechniques.

Wehaverecentlyconcludedanextensivestudyofseveral

existingperformanceanalysistools.Thispapersummarizes

ourfindingsandismeanttoserveasaguidetothelatest

softwareinparallelperformanceanalysistools.Weevaluate

eachtoolusingastandardmethodologyandhighlighteach

tool’skeyfeaturesandrelativestrengths.Finally,wegive

generalrecommendationsonhowtobestuseeachperfor-

manceanalysistool.

Keywords

Parallelperformanceanalysistool,Toolevaluation,MPI

performancetool

1.INTRODUCTION

Whilehardwareadvancementshaveledtoever-increasing

maximumpeakperformanceformodernhigh-performance

computingplatforms,mostsoftwarehasnotbeenabletoex-

ploittheseadvancestoattainsimilarperformanceincreases.

Permissiontomakedigitalorhardcopiesofallorpartofthisworkforpersonalorclassroomuseisgrantedwithoutfeeprovidedthatcopiesarenotmadeordistributedforprofitorcommercialadvantageandthatcopiesbearthisnoticeandthefullcitationonthefirstpage.Tocopyotherwise,torepublish,topostonserversortoredistributetolists,requirespriorspecificpermissionand/orafee.Copyright200XACMX-XXXXX-XX-X/XX/XX...$5.00.Thegapbetweentheoreticalpeakperformanceandreal-

worldperformancehasbeendrivenfurtherapartbyincreas-

inghardwareandsoftwarecomplexity.Asaresult,parallel

performancetoolsareplayinganincreasinglyimportantrole

inthesoftwaredevelopmentprocess.

Theexistenceofseveralperformancetoolsgivessoftware

developersmanychoicesforanalyzingperformancebottle-

necksintheircode.Whiletheplethoraofperformancetools

affordsdevelopersmuchflexibility,thesheernumberandva-

rietyoftoolscanbedaunting.Acomprehensiveoverview

ofavailableparallelperformancetoolsaidsdeveloperssince

itservesasaroadmapforwhattoolsandanalysismeth-

odsarecurrentlyavailable.Additionally,anoverviewalso

aidsresearchersdevelopingnewtoolsbyenablingthemto

seewhatfunctionalityiscurrentlyavailableandwhatopen

researchissuesstillexist.

Wearecurrentlydesigninganext-generationperformance

analysistooldesignedspecificallyforglobaladdresslan-

guages.Aspreparationforthistask,wehaveperformed

anextensivereviewofperformancetools.Wehavechosen

avarietyoftoolsthatemploydifferentanalysistechniques

andhaveevaluatedthemagainstanapplicationsuiteex-

hibitingknownperformanceproblems.Thispaperpresents

thefindingsfromthattoolstudy,givinganindicationof

therelativestrengthsandweaknessesofeachtoolandgiv-

ingrecommendationsonappropriateusesforeachtool.

SinceMPI[25]isaverypopularstandardforcurrent

high-performancecomputingsoftware,mostofthetoolswe

examinedaregearedtowardsperformanceanalysisofMPI

programs.Also,whiletechniquessuchasmodelingandsim-

ulationmaybeusedtoreasonaboutaprogram’sperfor-

mance,experimentalperformanceanalysishashistorically

beenthemosteffectivemethodfortroubleshootingperfor-

manceproblemsinrealcode.Therefore,thispaperfocuses

onexperimentalperformanceanalysistoolsasthesetypes

oftoolswillbethemostusefulforthemajorityofsoftware

developers.

Therestofthispaperisorganizedasfollows.Wefirst

giveanintroductiontothebasicterminologyandtechniques

usedbyperformancetoolsinSection2.Wepresentour

reviewofperformancetoolsinSection3andfinallypresent

ourconclusionsinSection4.2.BACKGROUND

Inexperimentalperformanceanalysis,therearetwomajor

techniquesthatinfluencetheoveralldesignandworkflowof

performancetools[31].Thefirsttechnique,profiling,keeps

trackofbasicstatisticalinformationaboutaprogram’sper-

formanceatruntime.Thiscompactrepresentationofapro-

gram’sexecutionisusuallypresentedtothedeveloperimme-

diatelyaftertheprogramhasfinishedexecuting,andgives

thedeveloperahigh-levelviewofwheretimeisbeingspent

intheirapplicationcode.Thesecondtechnique,tracing,

keepsacompletelogofallactivitiesperformedbyadevel-

oper’sprograminsideatracefile.Tracingusuallyresultsin

largetracefiles,especiallyforlong-runningprograms.How-

ever,tracingcanbeusedtoreconstructtheexactbehavior

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2023年上海市青浦区中考一模英语试题(含答案解析)

2023年上海市青浦区中考一模英语试题(含答案解析)

试卷第1页，共10

页2023年上海市青浦区中考一模英语试题

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单项选择1．It’sobviousthathe’snottelling________truth.

A．aB．anC．theD．/

2．Newscamethatadeerescaped________thezoolastnight.

A．byB．ofC．withD．from

3．AfootballmatchbetweenFranceandArgentinawasheld________December18.

A．toB．onC．inD．at

4．Thesoldierswilldo________untiltheygetordersfromtheircaptain.

A．nothingB．anythingC．somethingD．everything

5．Thescenicspotwevisitedduringtheholidaywasnotas________asweexpected.

A．crowdedB．morecrowdedC．mostcrowdedD．themost

crowded

6．Theoldmansatupandlooked________atthepersonwhoknockedhimdown.

A．lonelyB．angrilyC．lovelyD．friendly

7．“You________beafraidofthedog.Itwon’tbiteyou,”saidtheowner.

A．won’tB．mustn’tC．needn’tD．can’t

8．Lastweekend,Leo________himselfbyaccidentwhenhewascookinglunch.

A．burnsB．burntC．wasburningD．hadburnt

2020年考研英语一真题及答案解析

2020年考研英语一真题及答案解析

2 / 27

Section ⅠUse of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered

blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions

of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation’

s great traditions:the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary

pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that

this 3 should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure 4 to damage our

health.

The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public warning about the risks

of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high

temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes,

reject thin-crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread.But where is the

22春东北《大学大学英语(四)》在线平时作业1答案参考

22春东北《大学大学英语(四)》在线平时作业1答案参考

《大学英语(四)》在线平时作业1

共20道题 总分：100分 100分

15分3. With low buildings the variety of possible shapes is much ______ than with taller buildings.

Agreatest

Bless great

Cgreater

Dgreat我的得分：5分我的答案：C解析：暂无内容

25分117. This article __________ more attention to the problem of cultural interference in foreign language teaching and learning.

Acalls for

Bapplies for

Ccares for

Dallows for我的得分：5分我的答案：A解析：暂无内容

35分111. The older New England villages have changed relatively little __________ a gas station or two inrecent decades.

Aexcept

Bbesides

Cin addition to

Dexcept for我的得分：5分我的答案：D解析：暂无内容一、单选题 共20题，100分单选题（20题，100分）1 2 3 4 5

8 9 10 11 12

15 16 17 18 19

正确 错误 半对 单选题

《大学英语(四)》在线平时作业1

共20道题 总分：100分 100分45分56. You cannot ______ it, for I saw you in the very act of doing it.

Adeny

Breject

Cwithdraw

Davoid我的得分：5分我的答案：A解析：暂无内容

55分65. On arriving at Singapore, we telephoned to ______ our mother’s uneasiness.

021-2022年度第二学期大学英语4(新视野)期末考核(满

021-2022年度第二学期大学英语4(新视野)期末考核(满

021-2022年度第二学期大学英语4(新视野)期末考核(满

Unit 1③

1.As the gender barriers(crumbled),the number of women

working as lawyers,doctors,or bankers began to increase

significantly from the mid-20th century.

2.With the data collected each year,the owner of the shop

can(discern)customer trends and how things like weather and

economic indicators affect sales performance.

3.His supervisor pushes and motivates him in such a

positive manner that he is not only able to reach but

to(surpass)his personal goals.

4.He is a man with a(n)(shrewd)business sense.He has built

his initial investment into a substantial and even excessively

large fortune.

5.The(conversion)of nuclear radiation directly into

electricity was an exciting possibility that was being

vigorously explored in many laboratories in the 1950s.

6.I was not only shocked but also disgusted that the report