高考英语阅读理解D篇

阅读理解D专练5篇Passage 1(2017江苏,D)Old Problem, New ApproachesWhile clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that:“There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.”Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level:his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increa se of greenhouses(which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”.More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have n o choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.1.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies .A.adaptation is an ever-changing processB.the cost of adaptation varies with timeC.global warming affects adaptation formsD.adaptation to climate change is challenging2.What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?A.The project receives government support.B.Different organizations work with each other.C.His organization makes the best of a bad situation.D.The project connects flooded roads and highways.3.What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?A.Storing ice for future use.B.Protecting the glaciers from melting.C.Changing the irrigation time.D.Postponing the melting of the glaciers.4.What do we learn from the Peru example?A.White paint is usually safe for buildings.B.The global warming trend cannot be stopped.C.This country is heating up too quickly.D.Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.5.According to the author, polluting industries should .A.adapt to carbon pollutionB.plant highly profitable cropsC.leave carbon emission aloneD.fight against carbon pollution6.What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?A.Setting up a new standard.B.Reducing carbon emission.C.Adapting to climate change.D.Monitoring polluting industries.答案[语篇解读]本文为议论文,题材为环境问题类。

高考英语新高考ii卷阅读d篇文本解析
文本标题：Why I Volunteer Abroad
文本主旨：文章主要介绍了作者为什么选择出国志愿者，并分享了她在志愿服务项目中的经历和收获。

解析：
该文本是一篇倡导志愿者服务的文章，作者首先就为什么要参加志愿者服务作了解释。

文章说道：“对于我来说，志愿服务是一个了不起的机会，可以在经历之前从未幻想过的环境中学到很多东西。

”可见，作者认为参加志愿服务可以给自己提供机会去学习和成长。

接下来，文章分享了作者参加志愿服务项目的经历。

作者提到自己参加了一个在非洲的医疗志愿者项目，帮助当地的贫困居民获得基本的医疗服务。

作者形容当地医疗设施的简陋和资源的匮乏，并述说了自己提供医疗帮助的经历。

最后，文章讲述了作者通过参加志愿者服务获得的收获。

作者提到，虽然自己只是一个志愿者，但能为当地居民带来一些改变和希望让她感到非常骄傲和满足。

文章最后一句话是：“我相信这次经历将成为我生命中最宝贵和难忘的一部分。

”
由此可见，该文本主要围绕着作者选择志愿者服务以及在志愿者服务中的经历和收获展开。

高考(Kao)英语阅读D篇真题DDismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’teven exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润(Run)滑剂＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂＂In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互(Hu)动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边(Bian)缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small Talk（2017二(Er)）DWhen a leafy plant is under attack ，Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out.But is anyone listening?Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbours react. In study after study,it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant,but the neighbors ,relatively speaking ,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and moreintimate(亲密(Mi)的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.32. What does a plant do when it is under attack?A. It makes noises.B. It gets help from other plants.C. It stands quietlyD. It sends out certain chemicals.33. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?A. The attackers get attacked.，B. The insects gather under the table.C. The plants get ready to fight back.D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.34.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary35.what can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The word is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than beforeD.People in Darwin’s time wer e more imaginative.（2017三(San)）DThe Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.隔(Ge)绝) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(导(Dao)航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解(Jie)决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”32.What is the purpose of the Drivel AB?A.To explore new means of transport.B.To design new types of cars.C.To find out older driver`s problems.D.To teach people traffic rules.33.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A.It keeps them independent.B.It helps them save time.C.It builds up their strength.D.It cures their mental illnesses.34.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A.Improve their driving skills.B.Develop driver-assist technologles.C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.anize regular physical checkups.35.What is the best title for the text?A.A new Model Electric CarB.A Solution to Traffic ProblemC.Driving Service for eldersD.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road（2015一(Yi)）DConflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers-some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session-care quick to intellectualize (高(Gao)谈阔论)，slow to open up a nd connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,”Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle-longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spendmore time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.，”says Maurice Frisch,a café La Chope regular who works as a religious instruc tor in nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up”.Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all overFrance.“If people had normal lives,these cafes wouldn’t exist,”she says.“If life weren’t a battle,people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.”But then,it wouldn’t’ be France.32.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?A. Learn a new subjectB. Keep in touch with friends.C. Show off their knowledge.D. Express their true feelings.33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?A. They are less frequently visited.B. They stay open for longer hours.C. They have bigger night crowds.D. They start to serve fast food.34. What are theme cafes expected to do?A. Create more jobs.B. Supply better drinks.C. Save the cafe business.D. Serve the neighborhood.A. They bring people true friendship.B. They give people spiritual support.C. They help people realize their dreams.D. They offer a platform for business links(2015二(Er)) DChoose Your One-Day Tours。

2021年北京高考英语阅读D篇--------------------------------------------------------------一、介绍1. 今年北京高考英语试题中，阅读部分共四篇文章，其中D篇是其中的一篇，题材涉及文学类短篇故事。

2. D篇是考生必须阅读和理解的部分，因此对于备考英语的考生来说，了解和掌握D篇的内容和题型是至关重要的。

二、阅读内容概要1. D篇是一篇短篇小说，主题为冒险与勇气。

2. 文章中描述了一个年轻男子的经历，他在一次冒险中经历了挑战与困难，最终成功克服了困境。

3. 故事情节生动、引人入胜，考生需要在有限的时间内有效阅读和理解文章的主旨和细节。

三、主要题型1. D篇文章中涉及的题型主要包括阅读理解、词汇理解和语法填空。

2. 阅读理解题考查考生对文章内容的整体把握和细节理解能力，词汇理解和语法填空则考查考生的语言运用能力。

四、备考建议1. 对于阅读理解题型，考生需要注重细节把握，理解文章的主题和人物情感，做到深度理解和把握。

2. 在词汇理解和语法填空的题型中，考生要注意各种常用词汇和语法知识的掌握，多做练习以提高熟练程度。

3. 在备考过程中，考生可以参加模拟考试和做真题练习，以检验自己的备考情况，找出不足并有针对性地加以弥补。

五、总结1. D篇作为今年北京高考英语试题的一部分，对考生的阅读理解能力和语言运用能力提出了挑战。

2. 考生需密切关注并准备D篇的相关内容和题型，通过系统的复习和练习，提高自己的应试水平，为高考取得理想成绩做好充分准备。

3. 在备考过程中，考生需保持深度阅读和思维的活跃，增强对所学知识的理解和灵活运用能力，提高解题的准确率和速度。

以上是关于2021年北京高考英语阅读D篇的相关介绍和备考建议，希望对广大考生有所帮助。

祝愿所有备战高考的同学都能取得优异的成绩！阅读是高考英语试题中的重要部分，而D篇作为其中的一部分，对考生的英语阅读理解能力和语言运用能力提出了挑战。

一、讲前自测：请写出下列单词的意思二、限时训练：请在8分钟内完成阅读理解，并把每一题的答题来源在文章中划出来，标明题号On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has e to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors bee correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a followup study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what thegroup members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision making are enormous.1. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A. The methods of estimation.B. The underlying logic of the effect.C. The causes of people’s errors.D. The design of Galton’s experiment.2. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.A. the crowds were relatively smallB. there were occasional underestimatesC. individuals did not municateD. estimates were not fully independent3. What did the followup study focus on?A. The size of the groups.B. The dominant members.C. The discussion process.D. The individual estimates.4. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.三、重点句子分析On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has e to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.请指出主句的主谓宾，划出从句部分并判断2个从句类型，最后翻译句子The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.请分析句子并且进行翻译This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same.请指出此处的that 引导的从句是__________ 从句When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors bee correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.请翻译段落The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.请指出两处that 引导的从句分别是什么从句并且进行翻译For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.划出主句的主谓宾，并翻译In a followup study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.请指出what 引导的从句的类型，并且解释为什么这里填what，而不是which或者that。

高考英语d篇阅读《My Favorite Animal - Pandas》Pandas are just the cutest things ever! They look like big, fluffy teddy bears. I remember the first time I saw a panda at the zoo. It was just sitting there, munching on bamboo.It was so focused on eating that it didn't seem to notice all the people staring at it. Its black and white fur was so shiny and clean. It had these big black patches around its eyes, making it look like it had huge sunglasses on.The panda's movements were slow and clumsy, which made it even more endearing. It would pick up a piece of bamboo, hold it in its paw, and then start nibbling on it. It seemed like eating bamboo was the most important and enjoyable thing in the world for that panda.Every time I think of pandas, I remember that day at the zoo. They are truly unique and lovable animals.《My Unforgettable Travel Experience》I once had a travel experience that I'll never forget. I went to a small beach town. When I first got there, the smell of the sea hit me right away.The beach was filled with all kinds of interesting things. There were these little hermit crabs scuttling around. I spent a whole afternoon just watching them. One crab in particular was trying to fit into a shell that was a bit too big for it. It kept wiggling and turning until it finally managed to get in.The waves were crashing on the shore, and the sand was so soft between my toes. I walked along the beach, collecting seashells. Some were shiny and smooth, while others were all bumpy.At night, I sat on the balcony of my hotel room, listening to the sound of the waves. It was so peaceful. That little beach town gave me memories that I'll always cherish.《The Most Interesting Person I've Met》I've met a lot of people in my life, but one person stands out as the most interesting. His name was Jack. I met him at a local coffee shop.He was wearing a really strange hat, like something out of an old - fashioned movie. He had this big, bushy beard that he kept stroking while he talked. Jack was a storyteller. He told me about all his adventures traveling around the world.He once got lost in the Amazon rainforest. He described how he had to find his way out by following the sounds of a particular bird. He also told me about the time he hitchhiked across Europe and ended up in a small village where they were having a huge, crazy festival.I waspletely captivated by his stories. He was so full of life and had such a unique perspective on things. I left the coffee shop that day feeling like I had just met a real - life adventurer.《My Favorite Hobby - Gardening》Gardening is my absolute favorite hobby. There's something so satisfying about getting your hands dirty in the soil. I started gardening in my own small backyard.I remember planting my first batch of tomato seeds. I carefully dug little holes in the soil, dropped in the seeds, and then covered them up gently. I watered them every day, and watched eagerly for any sign of growth.After a few days, I saw these tiny green sprouts poking out of the soil. It was like magic! As the plants grew, I had to tie them to stakes so they wouldn't fall over.One day, I noticed that some bugs were eating my precious tomato plants. I didn't want to use chemicals, so I spent hours picking the bugs off by hand. It was a painstaking process, but it was worth it.Now, when I see my tomatoes ripening on the vine, I feel a great sense of pride. Gardening is not just a hobby, it's a labor of love.《A Memorable School Event》One of the most memorable school events I had was the school talent show. Everyone was so excited about it. I decided to participate and show off my not - so - great singing skills.When I first signed up, I was really nervous. I practiced every day in my room, much to the annoyance of my family. I would sing into my hairbrush, pretending it was a microphone.On the day of the talent show, the auditorium was filled with students and teachers. I was backstage, my heart pounding. When it was my turn, I walked onto the stage. The bright lights were blinding at first.I started singing, and I could hear a few giggles from the audience. But I didn't let that stop me. I just kept on singing, putting all my heart into it. By the end, the audience actually gave me a big round of applause. It was such an amazing feeling. That school talent show will always be a special memory for me.《My Dream Job - Being a Baker》Being a baker is my dream job. The smell of freshly baked bread and pastries is just heavenly. I used to watch my grandma bake when I was a kid.She would get up early in the morning and start mixing the dough. I would stand beside her, on a little stool so I could see what she was doing. She had these strong hands that kneaded the dough so expertly.One time, we were making cinnamon rolls. She showed me how to spread the cinnamon and sugar mixture evenly on the dough. Then she rolled it up and cut it into perfect little pieces.The best part was when the rolls came out of the oven. The whole house smelled amazing. I would always get to have the first warm roll, with a big glass of milk.Ever since then, I've wanted to be a baker. I want to create those delicious treats and make people happy with the smell and taste of freshly baked goods.。

高考英语阅读理解D篇2004全国一卷Before a new type of airplane goes into service, every part of it is tested again and again. But there are two tests that are more important than all the others.The first is called the “tank test". A modem airplane must fly very high in the sky. Air must be pumped into the plane so that the passengers can breathe. The metal structure (结构) of the plane has to be very strong for this reason. When the plane is filled with air, the air presses against the skin of the plane inside. The pressure (压力) on a small window is like a huge foot that is trying to get out. If a small part of the plane were to fail, the plane would explode in the sky. To test the structure of the plane, the plane is lowered into a huge tank or container of water. Then it is filled with air. The pressure inside the plane is greater than it ever will be when it is high up in the air. Finally, there is an explosion. This does not cause so much damage inside the water tank as it would anywhere else. Engineers can discover which part of the plane has broken. Then that part is made stronger.The most dangerous test happens when the new plane is going through test flights in the air. The test pilot must find out exactly what happens when the engines (发动机) are all shut off at once. The plane begins to fall like a stone. It is the pilot’s job to find out how he can get control of the plane again. These two tests are examples of how planes are made safe before they ever carry passengers.68. By doing the "tank test", the engineers can find out _______.A. the amount of air in the planeB. the strength of the plane structureC. the pressure inside and outside the planeD. the power of the airplane engines69. What will happen to the plane under the "tank test"?A. It will be broken.B. It will be made stronger.C. It will be filled with water.D. It will be tested by pilots,70. According to the text, why are test flights most dangerous?A. The plane may explode in the air.B. The pilot may lose control of the plane.C. The engines may be damaged.D. Too much air may get into the plane.71. What might be the most suitable title for the text?A. Two Important Tests on AirplanesB. The Importance of Flying SafelyC. The Danger of Testing AirplanesD. How Airplanes Are Made and Tested2005全国一卷As any homemaker who has tried to keep order at the dinner table knows, there is far more to a family meal than food. Sociologist Michael Lewis has been studying 50 families to find out just how much more.Lewis and his co-workers carried out their study by videotaping(录像) the families while they ate ordinary meals in their own homes. They found that parents with small families talk actively with each other and their children. But as the number of children gets larger, conversation gives way to the parents’ efforts to control the loud noise they make. That can have an important effect on the children. “In general the more question-asking the parents do, the higher the children’s IQ scores,” Lewis says. “And the more children there are, the less question-asking there is.”The study also provides an explanation for why middle children often seem to have a harder time in life than their siblings(兄弟姐妹). Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the most attention. “Middle children are invisible,”says Lewis. “When you see someone get up from the table and walk around during dinner, chances are it’s the middle child. ” There is, however, one thing that stops all conversation and prevents anyone from having attention: “When the TV is on,” Lewis says, “dinner is a non-event.”66. The writer’s purpose in writing the text is to ______.A. show the relationship between parents and childrenB. teach parents ways to keep order at the dinner tableC. report on the findings of a studyD. give information about family problems67. Parents with large families ask fewer questions at dinner because ______.A. they are busy serving food to their childrenB. they are busy keeping order at the dinner tableC. they have to pay more attention to younger childrenD. they are tired out having prepared food for the whole family68. By saying “Middle children are invisible” in paragraph 3, Lewis means that middle children ______.A. have to help their parents to serve dinnerB. get the least attention from the familyC. are often kept away from the dinner tableD. find it hard to keep up with other children69. Lewis’ research provides an answer to the question ______.A. why TV is important in family lifeB. why parents should keep good orderC. why children in small families seem to be quieterD. why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life70. Which of the following statements would the writer agree to?A. It is important to have the right food for children.B. It is a good idea to have the TV on during dinner.C. Parents should talk to each of their children frequently.D. Elder children should help the younger ones at dinner2006全国一卷Since my retirement(退休) from teaching music in 2001, I have spent a good deal of time painting as an artist. I actually began drawing again in the summer of 1995 when my father died, so perhaps I was trying to recover from the loss of my father, or maybe it was just that it brought back memories of him. In any case, I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes(风景画) much influenced(影响) by Krenkel and St. John for five years.For some strange reason, I had been waiting until my retirement to start doing watercolors again, but as soon as I walked out of the school door for the last time I picked up my brushes and rediscovered Andrew Wyeth, who quickly became my favorite artist. I had looked through all the art books I had on my shelves and found his watercolors to be the closest to how I thought good watercolors should look. So I painted landscapes around Minnesota for three years and tried out many other types of painting. However, watercolors remained my first choice, and I think I did my best work there, showing my paintings at a number of art exhibitions.Art is now together with my piano playing and reading. There is a time for everything in my world, and it is wonderful to have some time doing what I want to do. As Confucius once said, “At seventy I can follow my heart’s desire.”69. What is the text mainly about?A. Learning to paint in later life.B. How to paint watercolors.C. An artist-turned teacher.D. Life after retirement.70. The author started drawing again in 1995 because .A. he hoped to draw a picture of his fatherB. he couldn’t stop missing his fatherC. he had more time after retirementD. he liked animals and landscapes71. We can infer from the text that the author .A. had been taught by Krenkel and St. JohnB. painted landscapes in Minnesota for 5 yearsC. believed Wyeth to be the best in watercolorsD. started his retirement life at the age of seventy72. How does the author probably feel about his life as an artist?A. Very enjoyable.B.A bit regretful.C. Rather busy.D. Fairly dull.2007全国一卷Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir(回忆录) of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent(独立的) spirit in their work.Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives(目标) that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.68. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?A. Top managers.B. Language learners.C. Serious educators.D. Science organizations.69. The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________.A. attracted to teachingB. tired of teachingC. satisfied with teachingD. unhappy about teaching70. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?A. the University of Chicago.B. Stanford University.C. Ohio State University.D. Nebraska University.71. Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ____________.A. he developed a new method of testingB. he called for free spirit in researchC. he was still active in giving adviceD. he still led the Eight-Year Study2008全国一卷HolidaysA. Choose the holiday in Devon.B. Go to the Snowdonia CentreC. Join the World Sea Trip of 2008D. Visit Acapulco and Hawaii69. In what way is the Snowdonia Centre different from the other two holidays?A. It provides chances of family gatherings.B. It provides customers with good food.C. It offers a sport lesson.D. It offers comfortable room.70. What is special about the World Sea Trip of 2008?A. You can have free meals on deck every day.B. You can sleep on a ship and tour many places.C. You will have chances to watch and act in a play.D. You have to do your own packing and unpacking.71. At the Snowdonia Centre, the beginners’ costs of ￡57 do not cover .A. foodB. roomsC. body exercisesD. walking shoes2009全国一卷It’s not easy being a teenager(13至19岁青少年) -nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving; consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clean up. Instead , let him attempt to solve(解决) things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you’re always there for him should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenager’s privacy (隐私). Never read him his mail or listen in on personal conversions.Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation(节制). Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part –time job68. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents .A. how to get along with a teenagerB. how to respect a teenagerC. how to understand a teenagerD. how to help a teenager grow up69. What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. become excitedB. show respectC. refuse to talkD. seek help70. The last paragraph is about how to teach a teenagerA. to use the phone in a sensible wayB. to pay for his own telephoneC. to share the phone quicklyD. to answer the phone quickly71. What should parents do in raising a teenager according to the text?A. Nor allow him to learn driving or take drugsB. Give him advice only when necessaryC. Let him have his own telephoneD. Not talk about personal things with him2010全国一卷Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in people - half of them pet owners –while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room, people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more relaxed (放松) around pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don't judge.A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average, people lost about I1 pounds, or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better, losing an average of 12 pounds, more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didn't lose any more weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, got more exercise overall-mostly with their dogs - and found it worth doing.67. What does the text mainly discuss?A. What pets bring to their owners.B. How pets help people calm down.C. People's opinions of keeping pets.D. Pet's value in medical research.68. We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well ifA. he has a pet companionB. he has less stress of workC. he often does mental arithmeticD. he is taken care of by his family69. According to Allen, why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks?A. They have lower blood pressure.B. They become more patient.C. They are less nervous.D. They are in higher spirits.70. The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports thatA. people with dogs did more exerciseB. dogs lost the same weight as people didC. dogs liked exercise much more than people didD. people without dogs found the program unhelpful2011全国一卷Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband’s income. So this year she did something more than a hobby(业余爱好)：She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, MS. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family’s old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms.Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, “The cost of everything is going up and I Was looking to lose a few pounds, too; so it's a win-win situation all around.”They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy(经济),have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin,Tex.,some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.George C.Ball Jr.,owner of a company ,said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40％over last year ,double the average growth of the last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of The reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is the striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruits and vegetables.Food prices have increased because of higher oil prices. People are now driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there is more time to garden.68. What does the word ”residents” in Paragraph l probably refer to?A. chickensB. tomatoesC. gardensD. people69. By saying “a win-win situation all around”，Ms. Gartin means that________.A. she is happier and her garden biggerB. she may spend less and lose weightC. she is selling more and buying lessD. she has grown more varieties of vegetables70. Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular?A. More Americans are doing it for fun.B. The price of oil is lower than before.C. There’s a growing need for fruits.D. The cost of living is on the rise.71. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. Family Food PlanningB. Banking on GardeningC. A Belt-tightening MoveD. Gardening as a Hobby2012全国一卷Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after wehave learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule. That we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.67. What the main idea of Paragraph 1A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D. Stories for children are easy to remember.68. The author explains the law of overlearning byA. presenting research findingsB. setting down general rulesC. making a comparisonD. using examples69. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables isA. a result of overlearningB. a special case of crammingC. a skill to deal with math problemsD. a basic step towards advanced studies70. What is the author's opinion on cramming?A. It leads to failure in college exams.B. It's helpful only in a limited way.C. It's possible to result in poor memory.D. It increases students' learning interest.2013全国一卷The National GalleryDescription:The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entranceLayout:The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronest.The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer.The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van GoghOpening Hours:The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm（Fridays 10anm to 9pm）and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.Getting There:Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross（2-minute walk）. Leicester Square（3-minute walk）,Embankment（7-minute walk）,and Piccadilly Circus（8-minute walk）.68．In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings?A．The 13th B．The 17th C．The 18th D．The 20th69．Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown?A．In the East Wing. B．In the main West Wing.C．In the Sainsbury Wing. D．In the North Wing.70．Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?A．Piccadilly Circus. B．Leicester Square.C．Embankment. D．Charing Cross.2014全国一卷As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations _UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials-including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded –the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project __Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, for the world available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.32. Many scholars are making efforts to ______.A. promote global languagesB. rescue disappearing languagesC. search for language communitiesD. set up language research organizations.33. What does “that tradition’ in Paragraph 3 refer to ?A. Having full records of the languagesB. Writing books on language teaching.C. Telling stories about language usersD. Living with the native speaker.34. What is Turin’s book based on?A. The cultural studiesB. The documents available at Yale.C. His language research in Bhutan.D. His personal experience in Nepal.35. Which of the following best describe Turin’s work?A. Write, sell and donate.B. Record, repair and reward.C. Collect, protect and reconnect.D. Design, experiment and report.参考答案：04 BABA 05 CBBDC 06 DBCA 07 CABC 08 ACBD 09 DCAB 10 AACA 11 ABDB 12 ADAB 13 ABD 14 BADC。

2023北京英语高考阅读第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I was always timid(羞怯的). Being new to the school made me even ____1____ , so it was surprising I’d ____2____ to anyone around me. Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night!After I got home, though. I took my time petting the cat﹣postponing the pain.When I finally sat down to ____3____, I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.Talking kept me and my neighbours from ____4____. One paragraph down; now what? I chewed on my pencil. Aha! What if talking were the first step towards life as a criminal? Without the education I was throwing away, I’d turn to theft and go to prison. Whe n I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.” The pages began ____5____.But when mum got home from work, I was still ____6____, “Five pages! That’s impossible!”“Well, you’d better get back to work,” she said. “and I want to read it when you’re through.”Soon after dinner, I handed the essay to mum. I half expected a____7____﹣at least an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”. ____8____, mum laughed and laughed as she read.The next day, when Ms Black read the essay to the class, everyone laughed. I could ____9____ they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story. My____10____ still needed some nudging(激发), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print.1. A. freer B. shyer C. calmer D. happier2. A. nod B. point C. listen D. chat3. A. weep B. rest C. write D. read4. A. learning B. playing C. planning D. laughing5. A. standing out B. flying by C. breaking up D. checking in6. A. celebrating B. longing C. complaining D. warning7. A. lecture B. reason C. reward D. solution8. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Meanwhile D. Instead9. A. hope B. imagine C. tell D. predict10.A. patience B. confidence C. tolerance D. independence【答案】1. B2. D3. C4. A5. B6. C7. A8. D9. C10. B【解析】【1题详解】考查形容词比较级词义辨析。