Introduction to OralAdvocacy

辩手角色与职责
1st Speaker -- Prime Minister
第一发言者——首相
Upper House 上院 --- Defines and interprets the motion 定义和阐释辩题 --- Develops a case for the proposition in support of the motion 构建立论以支撑辩题
Leader of the Opposition Deputy Prime Minister
Байду номын сангаас

PM
LO
Deputy Leader of the Opposition
Lower House (Closing)

DPM
DLO

MG
MO
Member of Government
Member of Opposition Government Whip
2nd Speaker: Leader of Opposition
第二发言者——反对党领袖
-- Accepts the definition of the motioin接受定义 -- Refutes the case of the first Government反驳对方 立论 -- Construct one or more arguments against the Prime Minister‘s interpretation of the motion建构 一个或多个论点以反驳对方对辩题的阐释
Time --- 15 seconds or less
信息点（质询）
POI --- 信息点（质询） 谁来质询 --- 陈词者对方的任一辩手; 质询内容 --- 评论, 陈述, 提问…; 怎么质询 --- 举手示意 或者说 “质询” 禁止质询 --- 保护时间(陈词者发言时间的首尾各一分钟);

2）根据空间工作模式，可分为现场口译和远程口译 现场口译：live interpreting 当事双方和译员同时在场 远程口译：remote interpreting 当事双方和译员不在一地： 电话口译、远程视频口译等。 3）根据活动场合和主题，可分为： 会议口译 conference interpreting 陪同口译 escort interpreting 外交口译 diplomatic interpreting 商务口译 business interpreting 媒体口译 media interpreting 社区口译 community interpreting 导游口译 guide interpreting 医学口译 medical interpreting国外有资格认证 法庭/法律口译 court/legal/judicial interpreting 国外有资格 认证 法庭译员被称为宣誓译员 sworn interpreteurse
1. How to improve your memory? 2. How to take notes? 3. How to decode meaning and transfer it? 4. How to interpret numbers? 5. How to interpret long sentences? 6. What are the coping tactics?
3. Classification of Interpreting
1）根据时间工作模式，可分为交替传译和同声传译 交替传译：consecutive interpreting 简称CI 也称连续口译/传译、即席口译/传译、逐步口译（台湾用 语） 简称“交传”或“连传” 讲话人说一段，译员翻译一段，然后循环往复、交替进行 3分钟以上即可称为长交传 交替传译常用于新闻发布会、外事会见、商务谈判、户 外活动等 同声传译：simultaneous interpreting 简称 SI 又称同步口译、即时传译（港台用语） 简称“同传” 讲话人的“说”与译员的“译”几乎同时进行。

Speech analysis technology
Speech analysis technology can deeply analyze students' spoken language, including pronunciation, intonation, speech speed, etc., providing personalized feedback and guidance for students.
Intelligent oral practice platform
Personalized learning plan
The intelligent oral practice platform can develop personalized learning plans based on the learning situation and needs of students, providing targeted practice content and difficulty.
Evaluation Report and Suggestions
The intelligent English oral evaluation system can generate detailed evaluation reports, provide targeted suggestions and guidance for students, and help them better improve their English oral proficiency.
• Detailed description: Intelligent technology has a wide range of applications in daily life. For example, a voice assistant can help us with voice input, query information, set reminders, etc; Smart homes can achieve functions such as remote control of household appliances and automatic adjustment of indoor environment; Autonomous driving can automatically plan driving routes, identify traffic signals and obstacles, and improve travel safety and comfort. With the continuous development of intelligent technology in the future, its application scenarios will become more extensive and in-depth.

大学公共英语教材目录Unit 1: Introduction to English Learning1.1 English Language Learning and its Significance1.1.1 The Importance of English in the Modern World1.1.2 Benefits of Learning English in the University Context 1.1.3 Setting Language Learning Goals1.2 English Learning Strategies1.2.1 Different Approaches to Language Learning1.2.2 Effective Study Habits1.2.3 Learning Styles and PreferencesUnit 2: Building a Strong Foundation in English Grammar 2.1 Parts of Speech2.1.1 Nouns2.1.2 Pronouns2.1.3 Verbs2.1.4 Adjectives2.1.5 Adverbs2.2 Sentence Structure2.2.1 Subject and Predicate2.2.2 Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences 2.2.3 Sentence Fragments and Run-on Sentences 2.3 Verb Tenses and Agreement2.3.1 Present, Past, and Future Tenses2.3.2 Subject-Verb Agreement2.3.3 Progressive and Perfect TensesUnit 3: Developing Effective Reading Skills3.1 Skimming and Scanning3.1.1 Identifying Main Ideas3.1.2 Locating Specific Information3.2 Vocabulary Building3.2.1 Context Clues3.2.2 Word Formation3.2.3 Synonyms and Antonyms3.3 Reading Comprehension Strategies3.3.1 Making Inferences3.3.2 Summarizing and Paraphrasing3.3.3 Critical ReadingUnit 4: Enhancing Listening and Speaking Abilities4.1 Effective Listening Skills4.1.1 Active Listening Techniques4.1.2 Note-Taking Strategies4.1.3 Understanding Different Accents 4.2 Engaging in Conversations4.2.1 Introducing and Expressing Opinions 4.2.2 Asking for and Giving Directions4.2.3 Participating in Group Discussions 4.3 Oral Presentations4.3.1 Organizing a Presentation4.3.2 Nonverbal Communication4.3.3 Delivering Engaging SpeechesUnit 5: Writing for Academic Purposes5.1 Essay Structure and Organization5.1.1 Introduction, Body, and Conclusion 5.1.2 Developing a Thesis Statement5.1.3 Coherence and Cohesion5.2 Critical Thinking and Analysis5.2.1 Evaluating Evidence and Arguments5.2.2 Constructing Strong Arguments5.2.3 Avoiding Plagiarism5.3 Research and Referencing5.3.1 Conducting Effective Research5.3.2 Properly Citing Sources5.3.3 Creating a BibliographyUnit 6: Culture and Communication6.1 Cultural Awareness6.1.1 Understanding Cultural Differences6.1.2 Intercultural Communication6.1.3 Stereotypes and Prejudices6.2 Cross-Cultural Communication6.2.1 Nonverbal Communication in Different Cultures6.2.2 Communicating Effectively in Multicultural Settings 6.2.3 Resolving Cross-Cultural Misunderstandings6.3 Global Issues6.3.1 Environmental Challenges6.3.2 Social and Economic Inequality6.3.3 Human Rights and AdvocacyUnit 7: Test-Taking Strategies and Preparation7.1 Understanding Exam Formats7.1.1 Multiple Choice Questions7.1.2 Short Answer Questions7.1.3 Essay Questions7.2 Time Management7.2.1 Planning and Organizing Study Time7.2.2 Exam-Day Strategies7.2.3 Dealing with Test Anxiety7.3 Review and Practice7.3.1 Mock Exams7.3.2 Self-Assessment7.3.3 Seeking Help and FeedbackThis comprehensive public English textbook for university students covers various aspects of English language learning, including grammar, reading, listening, speaking, writing, culture, and test preparation. Each unit is designed to enhance students' language skills while also developing their critical thinking and communication abilities. The textbook aims to provide students with the necessary tools and strategies to succeed in their English language learning journey.。