南京大学考博英语模拟题及其解析

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题据心理学家称，乐观和自信是健康的心理状态所应具备的要素。

焦虑是一种心理问题，他源自对生活中的不确定因素的内在恐惧，或者说是一种不安全感。

繁荣的市场经济中躁动的消费需求是某些人焦虑情绪产生的原因。

名车、豪宅和优越的生活被人们视为高档的标志。

但是，由于多数人难以达到这样的生活标准，有些人就会产生失落感。

然而，这种出于对金钱崇拜而产生的焦虑感并不具有代表性。

对于多数人来说，引起焦虑的重要原因是高昂的房价、教育支出和医疗费用。

人们生活在巨大的压力之下，但是低廉并且增长缓慢的工资使他们看不到脱离困境的希望。

有时似乎是机会多多，人们也会因此而产生焦虑。

【答案】Psychologists said that confidence and optimism are the important elements of a healthy state of mind. Nervousness is a mental problem and is resourced from an inner emotional insecurity over uncertain factors in life. In the prosperous market economy, restless consumption demands are the reason for the nervous emotions. Brand-name car, houses and superior life are the marks of high-end life. However, most people tend to be disappointed because they cannot reach this living standard.Furthermore, such nervousness over money worship is not representative. For most people, the nervousness is resulted from expensive house, high education expenditure and high medical cost. People live under this tremendous pressure, and they cannot find any hopes of being lifted out of the hardship because of the low and slow-growing incomes. Sometimes there seems to be many opportunities, but people also feel anxious about this.2.单选题As a （）actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments. 问题1选项A.flexibleB.versatileC.sophisticatedD.productive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: Salt is bad for you —regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. “ There is a direct relationship，” US Congressman Neal Smith noted, between the amount of sodium a pe rson consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death. ”Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. “All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary,” Dr. Dustan insists. “For most of us it probably doesn’t make much difference how much salt we eat. ’’ Dustan’s most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure underwent no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced.“An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population，” notes Dr. John H. Laragh. “So a recommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense.”Medical experts agree that everyone s hould practice reasonable “moderation” in salt consumption. For an average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. The equivalent of one to two grams of this salt allowance would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table. Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt,if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal “low salt” exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hay es Jr. admits that “we do not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension. ’’ In fact, there is increasing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium, obesity (much more dangerous than sodium), generic predisposition, stress.“ It is not your enemy，” says Dr. Laragh. “Salt is the No. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you don’t need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-rela ted health problem, there is no reason to give it up. ”1.According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed（）2.From Dr. Dustan’s study we can infer that（）3.In the third paragraph, Dr. Laragh implies that（）4.What is the main message of this text?问题1选项A.exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health.B.cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders.C.correlates highly with some diseases.D.is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease.问题2选项A.a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some people.B.the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with one’s blood pressure.C.the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patient.D.an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone.问题3选项A.people should not be afraid of taking excessive salt.B.doctors should not advise people to avoid salt.C.an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in disease.D.excessive salt intake has claimed some victims in the general population.问题4选项A.That the salt scare is not justified.B.That the origin of hypertension is now found.C.That the moderate use of salt is recommended.D.That salt consumption is to be promoted.【答案】第1题:C 第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C【解析】1.细节理解题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题My eldest sister went on with the story and young children around her（）with wonderful!” from time to time.问题1选项A.broke outB.broke offC.broke inD.broke up【答案】C【解析】动词词组辨析。

break out “爆发，突发”；break off “折断，突然停止”；break in “打断，闯入”；break up “打碎，结束”，句意：我的姐姐继续讲故事，围在她身边的小孩子时不时地打断欢呼“太棒了！”。

选项C符合题意。

2.单选题He brought an entirely new level of style and sophistication to jazz music. Although a gifted piano player, Duke Ellington used the orchestra as his principal instrument. He considered himself a composer and arranger rather than just a musician, like Jelly Roll Morton before him.It was in 1917 when Duke began playing music professionally in Washington, D. C. Stride piano players like James P • Johnson and Willie “The Lion” Smith influenced his piano technique. Duke led a band called The Washingtonians, which played at The Hollywood Club in Manhattan (the club was later renamed as the Kentucky Club). This band acquired a style all its own when trumpet player Bubber Miley joined it, bringing with him his unique plunger-mute style of playing. Called the “ Jungle Sound，” this sound came to be largely responsible for Ellington’ s early success. A good example of this style of playing is the song East St. Louis Toodle-Oo. In 1924，the group recorded their first album, Choo Choo ( Gotta Hurry Home and Rainy Nights ( Rainy Days) ) . However, the band didn’t hit the big time until after Irving Mills became their manager and publisher in 1926. In 1927, the band re-recorded versions of East St. Louis Toodle-Oo, then debuted two songs that would be associated with Duke for the rest of his career, Black and Tan Fantasy and Creole Love Call.Ellington’s Orchestra, unlike many of its co ntemporaries, was able to make the transition from 1920s hot jazz to 1930s swing music. One song it played, It Don’t Mean a Thing (If It Ain’t Got That Swing), even came to define the era. What kept the Ellington Orchestra a major force in jazz was this very ability to adapt and grow with the times.The fame and influence of Ellington continued to grow throughout the 40s and 50s. His band continued to come up with jazz standards like Take the ‘ A ’ Train, Perdido, the 4 C ’ Jam Blues, and Satin Doll Duke wrote several religious pieces in the 1960s. He also composed The Far East Suite, then also collaborated with a highly diverse group of jazz musicians, among them Charles Mingus and Max Roach with whom he played a trio.1.What is the main topic of this passage?2.According to the passage, Duke Ellington worked as all of the following EXCEPT as a（）.3.Which of the following statements would the author of this passage most probably agree with?4.All of the following statements about Duke Ellington are true EXCEPT（）.问题1选项A.the life of Duke EllingtonB.the shift from jazz to swing musicC.the music of Duke EllingtonD.the development of jazz music问题2选项A.band leaderB.singerC.band managerposer问题3选项A.Duke Ellington’s resistance to ch ange caused the collapse of his musical career.B.Duke Ellington did most of his jazz compositions in collaboration with others.C.Duke Ellington’s classical compositions are his greatest contribution to music.D.Duke Ellington’s sophisticated musical s tyle greatly influenced the jazz genre.问题4选项A.He trained several bands to perform his jazz music.B.He had always performed with his own band.C.He was a major influence in jazz music.D.He composed many songs that defined a certain period.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.主旨题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Einstein was a man deeply （） to the ideal of the morally responsible scientist.问题1选项A.affectedmittedC.subjectedD.maintained【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。

affect “影响”；commit “承诺”；subject “使服从”,maintain “维修”。

爱因斯坦是一个决心成为有责任感的科学家的人。

选项B符合题意。

2.单选题The word hospice is hundreds of years old. It comes to us from the time called the Middle Ages in Europe. Religious groups then provided hospice as a place where travelers could stay. Sometimes the groups also offered a place for the sick and the dying. Today the word hospice means more than a place. It means a way of caring for the dying. In the modem sense of the word, it means that, if possible, dying people can receive care at home during their last days； and the health-care workers do not try to lengthen the lives of the dying with modem medical equipment. Instead, care-givers make every effort to control or stop the patient’s pain. It also means that patients get help for their emotional needs in addition to their physical needs.A British woman Cicely Saunders was the first major activist for hospice care in modem times. Cicely Saunders worked as a nurse in a hospital right after World War II, where she met a man who was dying of cancer. Together they found ideas about the best possible treatment for people who would never get well again. They talked about treatments that would permit patients to discuss their feelings and to take part in activities meaningful to them. They planned a system that would allow dying people to be surrounded by the people and things they loved most. The dying man gave Cicely Saunders enough money to study to become a doctor. By 1967 Dr. Saunders had organized and opened S t. Christopher’s Hospice in London.In 1974, after the America’s first hospice started in New Haven, others followed suit in cities throughout the country. Organizers had a difficult job. They had to teach the public about the idea of hospice. They had to get money from companies, religious groups and citizens. And they had to negotiate with local governments to use public money to care for the dying. Thanks to their unyielding determination and painstaking efforts, hospice has grown in America. Dr. Jo Magno, the President of the National Hospice Organization, said that working with the dying occasionally made her sad. Yet she remembers the words of Dr. Cicely Saunders一“We cannot add days to life, but we can add life to days. ”1.What is the original meaning the word “hospice”？2.In the modern sense of the word, hospice includes all of the following EXCEPT3.What did Cicely and the man talk about?4.How did Cicely Saunders complete her study?5.Which is a correct statement about the early American hospice?问题1选项A.It was a place where the homeless old people were taken care of.B.It was a place where religious people lived.C.It was a place offered by churches for the travelers.D.It was a place where doctors treated patients.问题2选项A.a priest is invited to pray for the dying.B.a dying patient is taken care of at his home.C.efforts are made to reduce the pain of the dying people.D.the psychological needs of the dying are considered and cared for.问题3选项A.How to advise the hospital to treat the dying patients.B.How to make arrangement for the patients who had no hope of recovery.C.The meaningful activities for all patients to take part in.D.The kind of people that are allowed to visit the patients.问题4选项A.By working part-time.B.Be obtaining a fellowship.C.With the help of a man’s money.D.Through her management of St. Christopher’s Hospice.问题5选项A.It was an immediate success as a result of the effort by Dr. Cicely.B.It was probably not easy to persuade companies to provide financial support.C.Many people readily accepted the new idea.D.Local governments forbade what they did.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.词义理解题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题（）a continuous mass of water on the Earth’s surface, all continents are islands in the strict sense of the word.问题1选项A.The form of the oceansB.Since the oceans formC.To form the oceansD.That the oceans form【答案】B【解析】语法知识。

考查状语从句，前半句是一个since 引导的时间状语从句。

句意“自从海洋在地球表面形成了一块整体的水域，所有的大洲从严格意义上来说都是岛屿。

选项B符合题意。

2.单选题Competition, they believe, （）the national character than corrupt it.问题1选项A.enforcesB.confirmsC.intensifiesD.strengthens 【答案】D【解析】考查近义动词词义辨析。

enforce “强迫，强制”，confirm “确定”，intensify“使变得更强烈”，strengthen“增强力量”。

句意：他们相信竞争能增强民族性，而不是使民族堕落。

选项D符合题意。

3.单选题What we today call American folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks” who, with increa sing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics—whether ancient Romans, seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans—have always shown a marked taste for portraiture. Starting in the late eighteenth century, the United States contained increasing numbers of such people, and of the artists who could meet their demands.The earliest American folk art portraits come, not surprisingly, from New England—especially Connecticut and Massachusetts-for this was a wealthy and populous region and the center of a strong craft tradition. Within a few decades after the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the population was pushing westward, and portrait painters could be found at work in western New York, Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, and Missouri. Midway through its first century as a nation, the United States’ population had increased roughly five times, and eleven new states had been added to the original thirteen. During these years the demand for portraits grew and grew, eventually to be satisfied by the camera. In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced to America, ushering in the age of photography, and within a generation the new invention put an end to the popularity of painted portraits. Once again an original portrait became a luxury, commissioned by the wealthy and executed by the professional.But in the heyday of portrait painting — from the late eighteenth century until t he 1850’s—anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a limner, as such a portraitist was called. Local craftspeople一sign, coach, and house painters一began to paint portraits as a profitable sideline; sometimes a talented man or woman who began by sketching family members gained a local reputation and was besieged with requests for portraits; artists found it worth their while to pack their paints, canvases, and brushes and to travel the countryside, often combining house decorating with portrait painting.1.In Lines 3-5 the author mentions seventeenth-century Dutch burghers as an example of a group that（）2.According to the passage，where were many of the first American folk art portraits painted?（）3.The word “this” in Line 8 refers to（）4.T he phrase “ushering in” in Line 14 is closest in meaning to（）5.According to the passage, which of the following contributed to a decline in the demand for paint portraits?（）问题1选项A.consisted mainly of self-taught artists.B.appreciated portraits.C.influenced American folk art.D.had little time for the arts.问题2选项A.In western New York.B.In Illinois and Missouri.C.In Connecticut and Massachusetts.D.In Ohio.问题3选项A.a strong craft tradition.B.American folk art.C.New England.D.western New York.问题4选项A.beginning.B.demanding.C.publishing.D.increasing.问题5选项A.The lack of a strong craft tradition.B.The westward migration of many painters.C.The growing preference for landscape paintings.D.The invention of the camera.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题（）fire tests gold, so does adversity tests courage.问题1选项A.LikeB.AlikeC.Asparing【答案】C【解析】考查连词。

Like “像”，可作介词；alike “相同的，相似的”，可作形容词；as “像……”，可作介词；comparing “比较”，可作动词。

此处“fire tests gold” 为一个完整的句子，所以要用连词，句意：就好像真金不怕火炼一样，意志不畏艰难。

选项C符合题意。

2.单选题Hardy’s weakness（）his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.问题1选项y inB.gave rise toC.shed light onD.derived from【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。

lie in “躺在”；give rise to “引起”；shed light on “使......清楚地显出；derive from“源自”。

句意：哈代的缺点一方面源于没有能力控制好各种不同的创作冲动，另一方面源于他不愿意去培养和保持那些充满活力和冒险的想法。

选项D符合题意。

3.单选题The international Olympic Games, regarded as the world’ s most prestigious athletic competition, take place once every the four years.问题1选项A.regardedB.prestigiousC.take placeD.the four years【答案】D【解析】固定短语错误，选项D应该是every four years “每四年”，句意：国际奥林匹克运动会，被认为是最著名的运动竞赛，每四年举办一次。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题在中国人的心目中，似乎没有一部书可以与《红楼梦》比肩，它既可以拥有亿万的读者,也带有众多的谜团。

它是中国古典小说的巅峰之作，有一般文化的人都可以读懂它，但是即便很有学问的人也不敢说尽解某奥妙……也正因为如此，近一百多年来，它被翻译成多种文字，在国外赢得越来越多的读者，为传播中国文化起到了积极的作用。

【答案】As for Chinese people, “A Dream of Red Mansions” is the greatest book that no book can compare with and hundreds of millions of people like to read. And there are also many mysteries in this book. It represents the pinnacle of Chinese classical novels and people who are half educated can read and understand it. But some learned people don’t dare to explain subtleties contained in it…Thus, it has been translated into various languages for about 100 years and accepted more and more foreign readers, which plays an active role in spreading Chinese culture.2.单选题（）a continuous mass of water on the Earth’s surface, all continents are islands in the strict sense of the word.问题1选项A.The form of the oceansB.Since the oceans formC.To form the oceansD.That the oceans form【答案】B 【解析】语法知识。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860’s to the mid-1880’s, three primary causes interacted. The emergence of a half-dozen leaders in education provided the personal force that was needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction arose among the alumni and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode all conservative opposition. The aggressive “Young Yale” movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more liberal spirit, and a broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard University simultaneously rallied to relieve the University’s poverty and demand new enterprise. Education was pushing toward higher standard in the East by throwing off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new sense of public duty.The old-style classical education received its most crushing blow in the citadel of Harvard University, where Dr. Charles Elliot, a young captain of thirty-five, son of a former treasurer of Harvard led the progressive forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the five years of Dr. Elliot administration. They were the elevation and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the curriculum and the development of the elective system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and engineering to a postgraduate level, and the fostering of greater maturity in student life. Standards of admission were sharply advanced in 1872-1873 and 1876-1877. By the appointment of a dean to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and less as young animals. One new course of study or another was opened up —science, music，the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics, classical philosophy, and international law.1.The passage mainly deals with（）2.According to the passage, what can be inferred about Harvard University before the innovations?3.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about old-style classical education?4.Which of the following is not true?问题1选项A.innovations in the United States’ higher education in the late 1800s.B.Harvard University graduates’ success.C.the development of Harvard University.D.the aggressive “Young Yale” movement.问题2选项A.Courses were more practical.cators laid great stress on the maturity in student life.C.Admission standards were higher.D.Students were younger.问题3选项A.Most students majored in law.B.The courses were too difficult.C.The curriculum was not reasonable.D.Students could get Master’s degree in the liberal arts.问题4选项A.Several leaders in education made great efforts to promote the educational innovations.B.Church leaders influenced education a lot before the progressive change.C.College entrance requirements were elevated in the late 1800s.D.The sense of public duty was neglected in the late 1800s.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.信息推断题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Mr. Smith became very（）when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

形容词词义辨折。

ingenious “有独创性的，机灵的”；empirical “经验主义的”；objective “客观的”；indignant “愤愤不平的”。

句意：当被指出犯了错误时，史密斯先生感到很气愤。

选项D符合题意。

2.单选题I am （） to Mr. Morrison because of the kindness and concern that he showed me when I first got here.问题1选项A.gratifiedB.indebtedC.dueD.desirous【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。

gratified “称心的，宽慰的”；indebted “感激的，受惠的”；due “到期的，应付的”；desirous “渴望的，想要的”。

句意：因为当我第一次到这儿时莫里森先生的友善和关心，我对此是感激的。

选项B符合题意。

3.单选题In spite of the（）economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.问题1选项A.gloomyB.miserableC.shadowyD.obscure【答案】A【解析】考查近义词辨析。

gloomy “惨淡”miserable “悲惨的，痛苦的”；shadowy “模糊的”；obscure “晦涩的，不清楚的”。

in spite of表示转折，句子意思为：尽管经济前景不景气，但是制造业的产量略有上涨。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A team of researchers（） the problem of diseases connected with contaminated milk.问题1选项A.addressB.interactC.wonderD.react【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。

address “处理” ;interact “相互作用” ;wonder “想知道”; react “反应”。

句意：一组研究人员把这种疾病和被污染的牛奶联系起来。

选项A符合题意。

2.单选题I’ll go to the airport tomorrow morning to （） a good friend who leaves for Australia. 问题1选项A.see offB.send offC.turn offD.say departure 【答案】A【解析】词组辨析。

see off“送别，送行”；send off“发送，派遣”；turn off“关掉，拐弯”；say departure“说离开”。

句意：明天早上我将去机场，跟我即将去往澳大利亚的朋友送别。

选项A符合题意。

3.单选题Grain production in the world is （）, but still millions go hungry.问题1选项A.staggeringB.shrinkingC.soaringD.suspending【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

stagger “蹒跚，使交错”；shrink “收缩”；suspend“延缓，推迟”，soar “高涨”。

句意：世界的粮食产量正在上涨，但是成百万人仍在挨饿。

选项C符合题意。

4.翻译题Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and what it can do for us now than formerly. Summer homes，European vacations, travel, BMW' s—such items do not seem less in demand than they did a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot admit their dreams as easily and openly as they once could, lest they be thought of as pushing, acquisitive, and vulgar. For such people and many more perhaps not so outstanding, the proper action seems to be, “Succeed at all costs but refrain from appearing ambitious.”The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles, while its public defenders are few and ineffective. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and cultivated in the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the UnitedStates. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its urges, but only that since it is no longer openly honored, it is therefore less often openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground or made devious.【答案】当然，相比于从前，人们对于成功以及成功给我们带来的东西兴趣似乎不会减少。