南京大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题据心理学家称，乐观和自信是健康的心理状态所应具备的要素。

焦虑是一种心理问题，他源自对生活中的不确定因素的内在恐惧，或者说是一种不安全感。

繁荣的市场经济中躁动的消费需求是某些人焦虑情绪产生的原因。

名车、豪宅和优越的生活被人们视为高档的标志。

但是，由于多数人难以达到这样的生活标准，有些人就会产生失落感。

然而，这种出于对金钱崇拜而产生的焦虑感并不具有代表性。

对于多数人来说，引起焦虑的重要原因是高昂的房价、教育支出和医疗费用。

人们生活在巨大的压力之下，但是低廉并且增长缓慢的工资使他们看不到脱离困境的希望。

有时似乎是机会多多，人们也会因此而产生焦虑。

【答案】Psychologists said that confidence and optimism are the important elements of a healthy state of mind. Nervousness is a mental problem and is resourced from an inner emotional insecurity over uncertain factors in life. In the prosperous market economy, restless consumption demands are the reason for the nervous emotions. Brand-name car, houses and superior life are the marks of high-end life. However, most people tend to be disappointed because they cannot reach this living standard.Furthermore, such nervousness over money worship is not representative. For most people, the nervousness is resulted from expensive house, high education expenditure and high medical cost. People live under this tremendous pressure, and they cannot find any hopes of being lifted out of the hardship because of the low and slow-growing incomes. Sometimes there seems to be many opportunities, but people also feel anxious about this.2.单选题As a （）actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments. 问题1选项A.flexibleB.versatileC.sophisticatedD.productive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题With the severe shortage of energy supply, we are facing the （） of a very hard winter. 问题1选项A.expectationB.prospectC.promiseD.damage【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。

expectation “预料” ; prospect “前景”；promise “承诺”;damage “毁坏”。

句意：因为能源供应的严重短缺，我们将面临一个艰难的冬天。

选项B符合题意。

2.翻译题在中国人的心目中，似乎没有一部书可以与《红楼梦》比肩，它既可以拥有亿万的读者,也带有众多的谜团。

它是中国古典小说的巅峰之作，有一般文化的人都可以读懂它，但是即便很有学问的人也不敢说尽解某奥妙……也正因为如此，近一百多年来，它被翻译成多种文字，在国外赢得越来越多的读者，为传播中国文化起到了积极的作用。

【答案】As for Chinese people, “A Dream of Red Mansions” is the greatest book that no book can compare with and hundreds of millions of people like to read. And there are also many mysteries in this book. It represents the pinnacle of Chinese classical novels and people who are half educated can read and understand it. But some learned people don’t dare to explain subtleties contained in it…Thus, it has been translated into various languages for about 100 years and accepted more and more foreign readers, which plays an active role in spreading Chinese culture.3.单选题I don’t mind a bit if you bring your friends in for a drink, but it is rather too much when ten people arrive （） for dinner.问题1选项A.unusuallyB.excessivelyC.consequentlyD.unexpectedly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: Salt is bad for you —regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. “ There is a direct relationship，” US Congressman Neal Smith noted, between the amount of sodium a pe rson consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death. ”Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. “All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary,” Dr. Dustan insists. “For most of us it probably doesn’t make much difference how much salt we eat. ’’ Dustan’s most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure underwent no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced.“An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population，” notes Dr. John H. Laragh. “So a recommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense.”Medical experts agree that everyone s hould practice reasonable “moderation” in salt consumption. For an average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. The equivalent of one to two grams of this salt allowance would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table. Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt,if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal “low salt” exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hay es Jr. admits that “we do not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension. ’’ In fact, there is increasing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium, obesity (much more dangerous than sodium), generic predisposition, stress.“ It is not your enemy，” says Dr. Laragh. “Salt is the No. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you don’t need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-rela ted health problem, there is no reason to give it up. ”1.According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed（）2.From Dr. Dustan’s study we can infer that（）3.In the third paragraph, Dr. Laragh implies that（）4.What is the main message of this text?问题1选项A.exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health.B.cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders.C.correlates highly with some diseases.D.is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease.问题2选项A.a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some people.B.the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with one’s blood pressure.C.the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patient.D.an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone.问题3选项A.people should not be afraid of taking excessive salt.B.doctors should not advise people to avoid salt.C.an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in disease.D.excessive salt intake has claimed some victims in the general population.问题4选项A.That the salt scare is not justified.B.That the origin of hypertension is now found.C.That the moderate use of salt is recommended.D.That salt consumption is to be promoted.【答案】第1题:C 第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C【解析】1.细节理解题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题They are no longer on speaking terms because she（）his confidence.问题1选项A.exposedB.destroyedC.provedD.betrayed【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。

expose“揭露，曝光”;destroy“毁灭，破坏”;prove“证明，检验，显示”;betray“背叛，出卖”。

句意：他们不再和睦相处了，因为她背叛了他的信任。

选项D符合题意。

2.单选题We will see（） the children are properly educated.问题1选项A.to themB.to thatC.to it whetherD.to it that 【答案】D【解析】考查语法。

see to it th at “确保，务必”，句意：我们必须确保孩子们是被正确地教育的。

选项D符合题意。

3.单选题The（）of computer technology has led to major changes in our social and family life.问题1选项A.fraudulenceB.arrivalC.dawnD.advent【答案】D【解析】名词词义解析。

fraudulence “欺诈性”；arrival “到达”；dawn “黎明，开端”；advent “到来，出现”。

句意：计算机技术的到来对我们的社会和家庭生活带来了主要的影响。

选项D符合题意。

4.单选题Starting a new business can be a risky （）.问题1选项A.processingB.attemptingC.undertakingD.overhauling【答案】C【解析】名词词义解析。

processing “加工”，attempting “试图”；undertaking “事业”，overhauling “翻修”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Manufacturing is China’s most important economic activity, （）over 30 percent of the workforce.问题1选项A.includingB.engagingC.approximatingD.accounting【答案】B【解析】考查动词辦析。

四个选项的意思分别是: including包含，包括；engaging聘用，雇用；approximating近似，接近； accounting记述，报告。

句意:制造业是中国最重要的经济活动，雇佣了超过30%的劳动力。

本题考查的是分词短语作状语，根据句意可推出正确答案是B。

2.单选题New technology is making the traditional farming machinery and methods （）.问题1选项A.efficientB.emergentC.obsoleteD.nostalgic【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。

efficient “有效率的”；emergent “紧急的”；obsolete “过时的”；nostalgic “怀旧的”。

句意：新的科技使传统的农业机械和方法渐渐过时了。

选项C符合题意。

3.单选题Some sociologists are worried about the （） throughout the whole society.问题1选项A.fraudulentB.generousC.dynamicpulsive【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。

fraudulent “欺诈的”；generous “慷慨的”；dynamic “动态的”; compulsive “极有趣的”。

句意：一些社会学家担心整个社会的欺诈问题。

南京大学考博英语模拟试题解析SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1（10points）The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1this is largely because,2animals,we stand upright.This means that our noses are 3to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4the Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi huo kao bo fu dao ti yan qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi majority of smells which stick to surfaces.In fact 5,we are extremely sensitive to smells,6we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of7human smells even when these are8to far below one part in one million.Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,9others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate10smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send11to the brain.However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell12can suddenly become sensitive to it when13to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it14to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can15new receptors if necessary.This may16explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be.We are not17of the usual smell of our own house but we18new smells when we visit someone else's.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors19for unfamiliar and emergency signals20the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire.1.[A]although[B]as[C]but[D]while2.[A]above[B]unlike[C]excluding[D]besides3.[A]limited[B]committed[C]dedicated[D]confined4.[A]catching[B]ignoring[C]missing[D]tracking5.[A]anyway[B]though[C]instead[D]therefore6.[A]even if[B]if only[C]only if[D]as if7.[A]distinguishing[B]discovering[C]determining[D]detecting8.[A]diluted[B]dissolved[C]determining[D]diffused9.[A]when[B]since[C]for[D]whereas10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical11.[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[D]impulses12.[A]at first[B]at all[C]at larg[D]at times13.[A]subjected[B]left[C]drawn[D]exposed14.[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient[D]insufficient15.[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[D]create16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless17.[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware[D]tired18.[A]tolerate[B]repel[C]neglect[D]notice19.[A]availabe[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable20.[A]similar to[B]such as[C]along with[D]aside fromSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1（40points）Text1Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking,you might even be outraged.Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it all too monkey,as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.They look cute.They are good-natured,co-operative creatures,and they share their food tardily.Above all,like their female human counterparts,they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of“goods and services”than males.Such characteristicsmake them perfect candidates for Dr.Brosnan's and Dr.de waal's；study.The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.Normally,the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber.However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers,so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,their became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods（and much preferable to cucumbers）So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token,the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,or refused to；accept the slice of cucumber Indeed,the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber（without an actual monkey to eat it）was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin.The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans,are guided by social emotions,in the wild,they are a co-operative, groupliving species,Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.Feelings of righteous indignation,it seems,are not the preserve of people alone,Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.However,whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stemsform the common ancestor that the species had35million years ago, is,as yet,an unanswered question.21.In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic byA.posing a contrast.B.justifying an assumption.C.making a comparison.D.explaining a phenomenon.22.The statement“it is all too monkey”（Last line,paragraph l）implies thatA.monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.B.resenting unfairness is also monkeys'nature.C.monkeys,like humans,tend to be jealous of each other.D.no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they areA.more inclined to weigh what they get.B.attentive to researchers'instructions.C.nice in both appearance and temperament.D.more generous than their male companions24.Dr.Brosnan and Dr.de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeysA.prefer grapes to cucumbers.B.can be taught to exchange things.C.will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.D.are unhappy when separated from others.25.What can we infer from the last paragraph？A.Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B.Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C.Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D.Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure？That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain？That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way？Lots of Americans bought that nonsense,and over three decades,some10million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.The president of the National Academy,Bruce Alberts,added this keypoint in te preface to the panel's repor“Science never h all the answers But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base importantpolicies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete,that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.this is a dangerous game：by the100percent of the evidence is in,it may be too late.With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately,the White House is starting to pay attention.But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously.Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for more research-a classic case of“paralysis by analysis”.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate.If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative,Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs.If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere,it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26.An argument made by supporters of smoking was thatA.there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.B.the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.C.people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.D.antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.27.According to Bruce Alberts,science can serve asA.a protector.B.a judge.C.a critic.D.a guide.28.What does the author mean by“paralysis by analysis”（Last line,paragraph4）A.Endless studies kill action.B.Careful investigation reveals truth.C.prudent planning hinders.D.Extensive research helps decision-making.29.According to the author,what should the Administration do aboutA.Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.B.Raise public awareness of conservation.C.Press for further scientific research.D.Take some legislative measures.30.The author associates the issue of global warming with thatof smoking becauseA.they both suffered from the government's negligence.B.a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.C.the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.D.both of them have turned from bad to worse.Text3Of all the components of a good night's sleep,dreams seem to be least within our control.In dreams,a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.A century ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears,by the late1970s. neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brainis“off-line”And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better,“It's your dream”says Rosalind Cartwright,chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center.“If you don't like it,change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.The brain is as active during REM（rapid eye movement）sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake,says Dr,Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.But not all parts of the brain are equallyinvolved,the limbic system（the“emotional brain”）is especially active,while the prefrontal cortex（the center of intellect and reasoning）is relatively quiet.“We wake up from dreams happy of depressed,and those feelings can stay with us all day”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr,William Dement.And this process need not be left to the unconscious.Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams As soon as you awaken,identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead,the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course.With much practice people can learn to,literally,do it in their sleep.At the end of the day,there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of“we wake u in a panic,”Cartwright says Terrorism,economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety.Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist For the rest of us,the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.31.Researchers have come to believe that dreamsA.can be modified in their courses.B.are susceptible to emotional changes.C.reflect our innermost desires and fears.D.are a random outcome of neural repairs.中国考博辅导首选学校32.By referring to the limbic system,the author intends to showA.its function in our dreams.B.the mechanism of REM sleep.C.the relation of dreams to emotions.D.its difference from the prefrontal cortex.33.The negative feelings generated during the day tend toA.aggravate in our unconscious mind.B.develop into happy dreams.C.persist till the time we fall asleep.D.show up in dreams early at night.34.Cartwright seems to suggest thatA.waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams.B.visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under con troll.C.dreams should be left to their natural progression.D.dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious.本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more（） emotion.问题1选项pellingB.abidingC.violentD.sophisticated【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。

compelling “引人注目的”；abiding “持久的”；violent “暴力的”；sophisticate “复杂的”。

句意：乐趣是在一种行为中体会到的。

快乐是在行为之后体会到的。

快乐的感受更深一些，并且更加持久一些。

选项B符合题意。

2.单选题The work in the office was（） by a constant stream of visitors.问题1选项A.confusedB.hamperedC.reversedD.perplexed【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

confuse “使混乱，使困惑”；hamper “妨碍，束缚”；reverse “颠倒，倒转”；perplex “使……困惑，使……为难”。

句意：办公室的工作被接连不断的来访人员妨碍了。

选项B符合题意。

3.单选题The gap between what we know and all that can be known seems not to（）, but rather to increase with every new discovery.问题1选项A.clarifyB.eliminateC.diminishD.extinguish【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。

clarify “澄清，阐明”；eliminate “消除，淘汰”；diminish “减少，贬低”；extinguish “熄灭，使破灭”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A team of researchers（） the problem of diseases connected with contaminated milk.问题1选项A.addressB.interactC.wonderD.react【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。

address “处理” ;interact “相互作用” ;wonder “想知道”; react “反应”。

句意：一组研究人员把这种疾病和被污染的牛奶联系起来。

选项A符合题意。

2.单选题I’ll go to the airport tomorrow morning to （） a good friend who leaves for Australia. 问题1选项A.see offB.send offC.turn offD.say departure 【答案】A【解析】词组辨析。

see off“送别，送行”；send off“发送，派遣”；turn off“关掉，拐弯”；say departure“说离开”。

句意：明天早上我将去机场，跟我即将去往澳大利亚的朋友送别。

选项A符合题意。

3.单选题Grain production in the world is （）, but still millions go hungry.问题1选项A.staggeringB.shrinkingC.soaringD.suspending【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

stagger “蹒跚，使交错”；shrink “收缩”；suspend“延缓，推迟”，soar “高涨”。

句意：世界的粮食产量正在上涨，但是成百万人仍在挨饿。

选项C符合题意。

4.翻译题Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and what it can do for us now than formerly. Summer homes，European vacations, travel, BMW' s—such items do not seem less in demand than they did a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot admit their dreams as easily and openly as they once could, lest they be thought of as pushing, acquisitive, and vulgar. For such people and many more perhaps not so outstanding, the proper action seems to be, “Succeed at all costs but refrain from appearing ambitious.”The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles, while its public defenders are few and ineffective. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and cultivated in the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the UnitedStates. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its urges, but only that since it is no longer openly honored, it is therefore less often openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground or made devious.【答案】当然，相比于从前，人们对于成功以及成功给我们带来的东西兴趣似乎不会减少。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题She is trying to（）him by phone as she has some very important news for him.问题1选项A.touchB.reachC.connectD.attain【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。

Touch“接触，触摸”；reach“与…..取得联系”；connect“连接，联合”；attain“取得，获得”。

句意：她试图通过电话与他得联系，因为她有很重要的消息告诉他。

选项B符合题意。

2.单选题If securities of a foreign corporation are sold in the US, the corporation is （） to the US law.问题1选项A.dedicatedB.subjectC.projectedD.loyal【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。

dedicated “专注于”;subject服从的；projected “突出的”;loyal “忠诚的”。

句意：外国公司的证券在美国出售的前提就是必需服从美国的法律。

选项B符合题意。

3.单选题The international Olympic Games, regarded as the world’ s most prestigious athletic competition, take place once every the four years.问题1选项A.regardedB.prestigiousC.take placeD.the four years【答案】D【解析】固定短语错误，选项D应该是every four years “每四年”，句意：国际奥林匹克运动会，被认为是最著名的运动竞赛，每四年举办一次。

选项D符合题意。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860’s to the mid-1880’s, three primary causes interacted. The emergence of a half-dozen leaders in education provided the personal force that was needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction arose among the alumni and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode all conservative opposition. The aggressive “Young Yale” movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more liberal spirit, and a broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard University simultaneously rallied to relieve the University’s poverty and demand new enterprise. Education was pushing toward higher standard in the East by throwing off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new sense of public duty.The old-style classical education received its most crushing blow in the citadel of Harvard University, where Dr. Charles Elliot, a young captain of thirty-five, son of a former treasurer of Harvard led the progressive forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the five years of Dr. Elliot administration. They were the elevation and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the curriculum and the development of the elective system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and engineering to a postgraduate level, and the fostering of greater maturity in student life. Standards of admission were sharply advanced in 1872-1873 and 1876-1877. By the appointment of a dean to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and less as young animals. One new course of study or another was opened up —science, music，the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics, classical philosophy, and international law.1.The passage mainly deals with（）2.According to the passage, what can be inferred about Harvard University before the innovations?3.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about old-style classical education?4.Which of the following is not true?问题1选项A.innovations in the United States’ higher education in the late 1800s.B.Harvard University graduates’ success.C.the development of Harvard University.D.the aggressive “Young Yale” movement.问题2选项A.Courses were more practical.cators laid great stress on the maturity in student life.C.Admission standards were higher.D.Students were younger.问题3选项A.Most students majored in law.B.The courses were too difficult.C.The curriculum was not reasonable.D.Students could get Master’s degree in the liberal arts.问题4选项A.Several leaders in education made great efforts to promote the educational innovations.B.Church leaders influenced education a lot before the progressive change.C.College entrance requirements were elevated in the late 1800s.D.The sense of public duty was neglected in the late 1800s.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.信息推断题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题His family watched until the plane （） behind the clouds.问题1选项A.lostB.escapedC.fledD.vanished【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。

lose“使迷路，遗失”；escape “逃跑,逃避”；flee “逃走”；vanish “消失”。

句意：他的家人们看着飞机直到它消失在云后。

选项D符合题意。

2.单选题Some sociologists are worried about the （） throughout the whole society.问题1选项A.fraudulentB.generousC.dynamicpulsive 【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。

fraudulent “欺诈的”；generous “慷慨的”；dynamic “动态的”; compulsive “极有趣的”。

句意：一些社会学家担心整个社会的欺诈问题。

选项A符合题意。

3.单选题Even today, when air and road travel has made Africa so readily accessible to Europeans and Americans, there are innumerable aspects of African life which tend to take one by surprise. The unfamiliar lies hidden everywhere, and the presence of Western culture seems merely to emphasize this unfamiliarity. Basically, the essence of our reac¬tion to the strange, the unfamiliar, is a sense of fear. Every country contains landscapes that arouse unease—whether it be some remote Alpine valley, the wild lavender fields of Upper Province, or a lonely Norwegian fjord at twilight. But in my own experience West Africa contains more weird and eerie regions—rain-forest, mangroveswamp, parched plains of red earth—than any other place that I have seen. It is not only in the foreigner that these landscapes evoke fear. A large part of all old African religions is devoted to soothing the unknown and the unseen—evil spirits which live in a particular tree or a particular rock, a thousand varieties of ghosts and witches, the ever-present spirits of dead ancestors or relatives. I have myself been kept awake at night in Calabar by a friend from Lagos who was con¬vinced that the witches of the east were out to get him, or that he was about to be kidnapped and eaten. During four and a half hours in a canoe along the creeks of the Niger della, gliding over the still and colorless water beneath an equally still and colorless but burning sky, I, too, have experienced a sense of fear, or at least a sense of awe. Ex¬cept for the ticking of the little outboard engine the silence was complete. On either hand stretched the silver-white swamps of mangrove, seeming, with their awkward exposed roots, to be standing knee-deep in the water. Where the creek narrowed you could peer deep into these thickets of mangroves—vistas secret, interminable and somehow meaningless. There was no sign of life except for the shrill screech of some unseen bird.I was on my way to the ancient slaving port of Bonny, which we reached in late afternoon. Scrambling up some derelict stone steps (slithery with slime and which had managed to detach themselves from the landing-stage so that you had to jump a two-foot gap to reach wet land), 1 found myself in an area of black mud and tumbled blocks of stone.1.There are features of Western culture which are present in West Africa（）.2.A lot of the old African religion has to do with （）3.The author was kept awake by（）.4.“ Mangrove” means（）问题1选项A.This fact makes it easier to accept the unfamiliarity of West Africa,B.This fact makes West Africa seem even stranger.C.This fact makes no difference to our reaction to West Africa.D.This fact has been greatly overemphasized.问题2选项A.kidnapping peopleB.keeping the spirits awakeC.human sacrificeD.keeping the spirits happy问题3选项A.a ghostB.his friendC.the witchesD.eerie feelings问题4选项A.a sort of birdB.a sort of manC.a sort of treeD.a sort of animal 【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.根据文章第一段第二句，“the presence of Western culture seems merely to emphasize this unfamiliarity”，推断出西非文化似乎表现出得更加陌生，选项B符合题意。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The （）feature in Ted’s character was pride; he couldn’t ever think of depending on anyone but himself.问题1选项A.controllingB.prevailingC.predominantD.primary【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。

controlling“控制的”；prevailing“流行的，占优势的”；predominant“主要的，显著的”；primary“基本的，主要的”。

句意：泰德最主要的性格是骄傲，除了自己，他从没想要依靠其他人。

选项C符合题意。

2.单选题If Catlin was the painter of the American Indian, and Bierstadt the portrayer of the Rocky Mountains, the artist of the Western cowboys and settlers was Frederic Remington. Bom in Canton, New York, the son of a wealthy publisher, Remington was a boxer and a football player at Yale — the last name one would expect to become the artist of the Old West. But as a boy he loved horses, and fed on the journals of George Catlin and Lewis and Clark. At the age of nineteen, he left college to look for adventure. He traveled from Montana to Texas, as a cow puncher and prospector. Remington had always been interested in journalism. Now he began to write down, and to paint and sketch what he saw. The subject of “Winning of the West” so fascinated the East that magazines and newspapers were crammed with accounts of the prospector’s adventures, and of battles with rustlers and other out-laws —all the tales that were then news and have since become legends in American history. There are also stories contributed by Bret Harte, Richard Harding Davis, Joaquin Miller, and many more. Often these were illustrated by sketches and paintings from Remington’s hand, but it was as a sculptor that Remington was the greatest artist.1.The writer’s purpose in the passage is to（）.2.Bierstadt’s relationship to the Rocky Mountain can be compared to that Remington’s to （）3.During his youth, Remington read the writings of（）.4.Remington based his art on the（）问题1选项pare Remington with Catlin and BierstadtB.show how the news stories of one age become the legends of the nextC.describe the major works of RemingtonD.outline Remington’s career问题2选项A.New YorkB.Yale UniversityC.the stories of Bret HarteD.the cowboys of the West问题3选项A.HartB.CatlinC.Bierstadtler问题4选项A.stories he read in newspapersB.things he had seen and experiencedC.paintings he copied from Catlin and BierstadtD.principles he had learned at Yale【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B【解析】1.主旨题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Competition, they believe, （）the national character than corrupt it.问题1选项A.enforcesB.confirmsC.intensifiesD.strengthens【答案】D【解析】考查近义动词词义辨析。

enforce “强迫，强制”，confirm “确定”，intensify“使变得更强烈”，strengthen“增强力量”。

句意：他们相信竞争能增强民族性，而不是使民族堕落。

选项D符合题意。

2.单选题They are still in the （）stage between the old and new government.问题1选项A.transactionB.transplantingC.transitionalD.transforming 【答案】C【解析】形近异义词词义辨析。

transaction “交易”；transplanting“移植”；transitional “过渡期的”；transforming “转化，转变”。

句意：他们还处在新政府到旧政府的过渡期。

选项C符合题意。

3.单选题Until men invented ways of staying underwater for more than a few minutes, the wonders of the world below the surface of the sea were almost unknown. The main problem, of course, lies in air. How could air be supplied to swimmers below the surface of the sea? Pictures made about 2, 900 years ago in Asia show men swimming under the surface with air bags tied to th eir bodies. A pipe from the bag carried air into the swimmer’s mouth. But little progress was achieved in the invention of diving devices until about 1490, when the famous Italian painter, Leonardo da Vinci, designed a complete diving suit.In 1680, an Italian professor invented a large air bag with a glass window to be worn over the diver’s head. To “clean” the air a breathing pipe went from the air bag, through another bag to remove moisture, and then again to the large air bag. The plan did not work, but it gave later inventors the idea of moving air around in diving devices.In 1819, a German, Augustus Siebe, developed a way of forcing air into the head-covering by a machine operated above the water. Finally, in 1837, he invented the “hard-hat suit” that was to be used for nearly a century. It had a metal covering for the head and an air pipe attached to a machine above the water. It also had small openings to remove unwanted air. But there were two dangers to the diver inside the “hard-hat suit”. One was the sudden rise to the surface, caused by a too great supply of air. The other was the crushing of the body, caused by a sudden diving into deep water. The sudden rise to the surface could kill the diver; a sudden dive could force his body up into the helmet, which could also result in death.Gradually the “hard-hat suit” was improved so that the diver could be given a constant supply of air. The diver could then move around under the ocean without worrying about the air supply.During the 1940s diving underwater without a special suit became popular. Instead, divers used a breathing device and a small covering made of rubber and glass over parts of the face. To improve the swimmer’ s speed another new invention was used： a piece of rubber shaped like a gia nt foot, which was attached to each of the diver’s own feet. The manufacture of rubber breathing pipes made it possible for divers to float on the surface of the water, observing the marine life underneath them. A special rubber suit enabled them to stay in cold water for long periods, collecting specimens of animal and vegetable life that had never been obtained in the past.The most important advance, however, was the invention of a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus, which is called a “scuba”.Invented by two Frenchmen, Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan, the scuba consists of a mouth-piece joined to one or two tanks of compressed air which are attached to the diver’s back. The scuba makes it possible for a diver-scientist to work 200 feet underwater or even deeperfor several hours. As a result, scientists can now move around freely at great depths, learning about the wonders of the sea.1.The main progress mentioned in this passage was （）.2.An invention of an Italian professor（） .3.Siebes’ invention was not a perfect one, because（） .4.The word “scuba” is（） .问题1选项A.an Italian professor invented a large air bagB.men invented the best diving devicesC.an Italian painter designed a complete diving suitD.an air bag问题2选项A.worked out very wellB.can “clean” the airC.inspired later inventionsD.was used to remove moisture问题3选项A.too small a supply of air could result in a sudden rise to the surfaceB.a sudden dive into deep water could cause the crushing of the bodyC.the air pipe attached to a machine could be above the surfaceD.both A and B 问题4选项A.a certain diver’s nameB.an original English wordd by the inventorD.an acronym【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.信息推断题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题As the world’s largest grain exporter, the United States has （） power over the world food distribution system.问题1选项A.assortedB.unrivaledpoundedD.intrigued【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。

Assorted “各种各样的”；unrivaled “至高无上的,无敌的”；compounded “复合的,”intrigued “好奇的，被迷住的”。

句意：美国作为世界上最大的粮食出口国，对世界粮食分配系统有着最高的权利。

选项B符合题意。

2.单选题They did not realize that they had （）a crime by cutting down the tree.问题1选项A.performedB.undertakenC.mademitted【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。

perform “履行”; undertake “从事” ; make “制造”;commit “犯罪，承诺”。

句意：他们没有意识到砍树这件事情使他们犯罪了。

选项D符合题意。

3.单选题If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to（1 ）that the changes they make are in the right directions. In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science（2 ） it can make informed decisions and not （3 ） them in the hands of experts. At the moment, the public has a rather ambivalent attitude（4 ）science. It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of（5 ） that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesn’t understand it. This distrust is evident in the cartoon （6 ） of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein. It is also an important （7 ） behind support for the Green parties.What can be done to（8 ）this interest and give the public the scientific background it needs to make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what is taught in schools. But in schools science is often（9 ） in a dry and uninteresting manner. Children learn it by rote to pass examinations, and they don’t see its（10 ）to the world around them. Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations. Although equations are a concise and accurate way of describing mathematics ideas, they frighten most people.问题1选项A.assessB.discernC.ensureD.anticipate问题2选项A.becauseB.so thatC.despite thatD.though问题3选项A.clutchB.leaveC.fabricateD.nurture问题4选项A.aboutB.withC.uponD.toward问题5选项A.livingB.lifeC.survivalD.lives 问题6选项A.literatureB.personC.artD.figure问题7选项A.roleB.conceptC.elementD.index问题8选项A.constrainB.harnessC.fosterD.extinguish问题9选项A.presentedB.conductedC.portrayedD.utilized问题10选项A.meaningB.contributionC.applicationD.relevance【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A visitor to a museum today would notice （）changes in the way museums are operated.问题1选项A.cognitiveB.rigorousC.conspicuousD.exclusive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

cognitive “认知的”；rigorous “严格的，严厉的”；conspicuous “显著的”；exclusive “唯一的，独有的”。

句意：如果今天去博物馆参观，就会注意到博物馆的经营方式发生了显著的变化。

选项C符合题意。

2.单选题“Tear’ em apart “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee!”These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let’s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.The dic tionary meaning of the term “opponent” is “adversary”，“enemy”，“one who opposes your interests. ’，Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate one’s intellect, and every ac tion, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated the game to the level where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” c ould be an ideal way to start.The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague”；“friend”；“companion.” Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term 1.“associate” rather than “opponent.”Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?2.Harsh words are spoken during games because the players （）3.What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?4.According to the passage, players in a game may （）.问题1选项A.Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.B.The words people use can influence their behavior.C.Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.D.Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.问题2选项A.are too eager to winB.are usually short-tempered and easily offendedC.cannot afford to be polite in fierce competitionD.treat their rivals as enemies问题3选项A.He refused to continue the game.B.He angrily hit the referee with a ball.C.He claimed that the referee was unfair.D.He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.问题4选项A.deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their wayB.keep on screaming and shouting throughout the gameC.lie down on the ground as an act of protestD.dash with the ball across the court with force【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I bought an alarm clock with a(n) （） dial which can be seen clearly in the dark.问题1选项A.supersonicB.luminousC.audibleD.amplified【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

supersonic “超音速的，超声波的”；luminous “发光的，明亮的”；audible “听得见的”；amplified “放大的，扩充的”。

句意：我买了一个带发光钟面的闹钟，在黑夜里也可以看得很清楚。

选项B符合题意。

2.单选题（）fire tests gold, so does adversity tests courage.问题1选项A.LikeB.AlikeC.Asparing 【答案】C【解析】考查连词。

Like “像”，可作介词；alike “相同的，相似的”，可作形容词；as “像……”，可作介词；comparing “比较”，可作动词。

此处“fire tests gold” 为一个完整的句子，所以要用连词，句意：就好像真金不怕火炼一样，意志不畏艰难。

选项C符合题意。

3.翻译题As an ecological approach to Translation Studies, Eco-translatology views translation as an entire translational eco-system, and focuses on the relationship between the translator and this translational eco-environment. A translational eco-environment is construed as a highly integrated entity that comprises the actual text, the cultural context and the human agents, as well as other tangible and intangible ingredients. In Eco-translatology, translation activities are described and interpreted in terms of such ecological principles as holism, relevance, dynamics, balance and harmony, together with ecological aesthetics. Some elements of classical Chinese or Oriental philosophies and cultural quintessence are projected in this nascent approach.【答案】作为翻译学研究的一种生态方法，生态翻译学把翻译看成是一个完整的翻译生态系统，非常注重译者与翻译生态环境之间的关系。

南京大学考博英语-1(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Section Ⅰ Structure and Vocabulary{{/B}}(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.You can ______your story by leaving out some unimportant details.（分数：1.00）A.abridge √B.rewriteC.revealD.change解析：[解析] abridge节略；rewrite重写；reveal展现；change改变。

根据句意，A最合适。

2.The young man was so bashful that he did not speak to the pretty girl.（分数：1.00）A.haughtyB.shy √C.indifferentD.upset解析：[解析] 题中bashful“害羞的”，B项的shy“怕羞的，畏缩的”与之相符。

其他三项都不正确：haughty傲慢的；upset心烦意乱的；indifferent不关心的，冷淡的。

3.John's ideas about how to solve the problem were so cogent that I had to agree with him. （分数：1.00）A.chronic √B.cavernousC.convincingD.choral解析：[解析] 题中cogent意为“令人胆寒的”，C项的convincing“令人恐惧的”与之相符。

其他三项不正确：chronic有希望的；cavernous严寒的；choral发人深省的。

4.He has got too much ______to worry about your problem.（分数：1.00）A.on his mind √B.out of mindC.off his mindD.to his mind解析：[解析] on sb's mind压在某人心头；out of one's mind精神不正常；off one's mind不再在某人心头；to one's mind据某人意见。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Mr. Smith became very（）when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

形容词词义辨折。

ingenious “有独创性的，机灵的”；empirical “经验主义的”；objective “客观的”；indignant “愤愤不平的”。

句意：当被指出犯了错误时，史密斯先生感到很气愤。

选项D符合题意。

2.单选题The ambassador was accused of having（）on domestic affairs.问题1选项A.trespassedB.encroachedC.entrenchedD.invaded 【答案】B【解析】近义词词义辨析。

trespass “非法入侵，法律上的入侵”，encroach “蚕食，侵占”，entrench “侵犯，挖掘壕沟”，invade“侵略，侵袭”。

句意：这个大使被指控干涉别国的内政。

有侵犯别国权利意思的单词是 encroach，选项B符合题意。

3.单选题They did not realize that they had （）a crime by cutting down the tree.问题1选项A.performedB.undertakenC.mademitted【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。

perform “履行”; undertake “从事” ; make “制造”;commit “犯罪，承诺”。

句意：他们没有意识到砍树这件事情使他们犯罪了。

选项D符合题意。

4.单选题Most readers underestimate the amount of rewriting it usually takes to produce a spontaneous reading. This is a great disadvantage to the student writer, who sees only a finished product and never watches the craftsman who takes the necessary step back, studies the work carefully, returns to the task, steps back, returns, steps back, again and again. Anthony Burgess, one of the most productive writers in the English speaking countries, admits, “I might revise a page twenty times.” Ronald Dahl, the popular children’s writer, states, By the time I’m nearing the end of a story, the first part will have been reread and changed and corrected at least 150 times... Good writing is essentially re-writing. I am positive of this. ’’Rewriting isn’t something that ought to be done. It is simply something that most writersfind they have to do to discover what they have to say and how to say it. It is a condition of the writer’s life.There are，however，a few writers who do little formal rewriting，primarily because they have the capacity and experience to create and review a large number of invisible drafts in their minds before they approach the page. And some writers slowly produce finished pages, performing all the tasks of revision，page by page. But it is still possible to see the sequence followed by most writers most of the time in rereading their own work.Most writers can scan their draft first，reading as quickly as possible to catch the larger problems of subject and form, then move in closer and closer as they read and write, reread and rewrite.1.What does the student writer fail to do?2.What do we know about Anthony Burgess?3.Why do some writers do little formal rewriting?4.What do most writers have in common?问题1选项A.To have enough time to devote to writing.B.To find his disadvantage in writing.C.To see his works complete.D.To observe other writers rewrite.问题2选项A.He is the first person to find the disadvantage of the student writer.B.He is a craftsman who always regrets what he has done and therefore redoes it.C.He has published many literary works.D.He enjoys writing on the same page many times.问题3选项A.Because they can do the mental rewriting.B.Because they are not positive of what they have to say or how to say it.C.Because they believe rewriting is not worthwhile.D.Because they have to find their pages first before they write.问题4选项A.Spending a great deal of time plotting and drafting.B.Performing all the tasks of revision at once.C.Spending most of their time reading other’s works.D.Rereading and rewriting their works.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题We were（） in the middle of our conversation.问题1选项A.cut offB.cut downC.cut inD.cut out【答案】A【解析】动词短语。

cut off“中断，切断”；cut down“砍倒”；cut in“插嘴，插入”；cut out“切掉”。

句意：我们在谈话中途中断了。

选项A符合题意。

2.单选题The gloves were really too small, and it was only by （） them that I managed to get them on.问题1选项A.spreadingB.squeezingC.extendingD.stretching 【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。

spread“传播，散步”；squeeze “压榨，榨取” ;extend “延长，扩展”；stretch “伸展，拉伸”。

句意：这副手套太小了，只有不停地拉伸它才能将它戴上。

选项D符合题意。

3.单选题Manufacturing is China’s most important economic activity, （）over 30 percent of the workforce.问题1选项A.includingB.engagingC.approximatingD.accounting【答案】B【解析】考查动词辦析。

四个选项的意思分别是: including包含，包括；engaging聘用，雇用；approximating近似，接近； accounting记述，报告。

句意:制造业是中国最重要的经济活动，雇佣了超过30%的劳动力。

本题考查的是分词短语作状语，根据句意可推出正确答案是B。

4.单选题She is trying to（）him by phone as she has some very important news for him.问题1选项A.touchB.reachC.connectD.attain【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。