外研版高中英语必修3《odule 1 Europe Grammar》优课导学案_14
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主谓一致三原则 形式一致 意义一致 就近一致 一、 形式一致:指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的形式决定。 1.人称一致:I am---; You are---; He is ---等。 2.单/复数一致:主语(单数)+ 谓语(单数) 主语(复数)+ 谓语(复数) 1)一般情况: Tom is from the United States. Tom and John are from the United States. Has he been to Africa? Have they been to Africa? Water covers about 70% of the surface of the earth. 2) 特殊情况 例子 1:Many a teenager ______ online games. =Many teenagers _____ online games. More than one student _____ failed the exam. 要点 1:many a+单数名词/more than one+单数名词作主语, 谓语要用单数形式。 例子 2:The teacher as well as the students ______ (be) unable to work out the problem. Mike, like his brother, _______(enjoy) chess. 要点 2:当主语部分含有 with,together with,along with,besides,except,but,like 等介词或介词短 语时,谓语动词与它们前面的主语一致。 All of us except Tom _____ (be) fond of football. 例子 3:Each boy and each girl _____ the right to receive education. (have) Every man and every woman ___ at work now.(be) 要点 3:each/every+单数名词+and +each/every+单数名词+谓语动词单数 例子 4:This pair of shoes ___Tom’s. There _____two pairs of shoes on the table. 要点 4:当 a kind of, a pair of, a glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时,谓语与 kind, pair, glass 等一致。 例子 5:Each of them ____ an English dictionary. Neither/Either of the answers ____ correct. 要点 5:each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语,谓语动词用单数。 二、 意义一致: 1. 集合名词作主语 例子:Our class ___a big one. The whole class ____ getting along well with each other. 要点:family, class, group, team, population 等集体名词作主语, 若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式, 若指全部成员时,谓语动词复数形式。 His family ____ a happy one. All his family ____(like) watching TV. 但:people, the police, cattle 等集体名词作主语,谓语动词只能用复数形式。例如: 警察正在搜查那幢大楼。The police ____ searching the building. 2. 数量词短语作主语: 例子:Two months ____ a long holiday. Twenty pounds ___ not so heavy. 要点:表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长/宽/高度等的短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓 语用单数形式。 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离。 20 美元对这本书来说太贵了。 3. 分数, part, the rest 等表示部分意义的词作主语 例子:Two thirds of the area ___ covered with forest. Some of them are teachers. The rest _____students. Three quarters of the food ____ been sold out. 要点:分数, part, the rest 等作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据意义来确定,即由 of 后的名词或代词决定。 4. 动词不定式,动名词或从句作主语 例子:眼见为实_________________/______________________. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 要点:动词不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,表示抽象意义,谓语动词用单数形式 5.“单数名词作+ and+单数名词”作主语. 例子:The writer and teacher ___ coming. The writer and the teacher _______ coming. 要点:由 and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但 and 所连接的并列主语是同一个对 象时,谓语动词用单数。 The head teacher and English teacher of Class 1 _______ very humorous. 6. 以—s 结尾的名词作主语 1) No news _____ good news. news, maths, physic, economics 等 + 单数谓语 2) All means ______ been tried, but with no success. Every means ______ been tried, but with no success. The teacher, together with the students, ________ discussing Reading Skills that ________ newly published in America.(2009 四川高考 17 题) A. are ; were B. is ; were C. are ; was D. is ; was means(方法, 手段)/ works(工厂)+ 单/复数(由意义决定); clothes + 复数谓语; 国名/人名/书名等 + 单数谓语 7. number 例子: A number of famous people _____ invited to the party. The number of the students in our grade _____ 900. 要点:a number of+复数名词+谓语复数; the number of +复数名词+谓语单数。 8. the+形容词作主语 例子:As a matter of fact, the poor _____often very happy, but the rich ___ sad. (一类人) The beautiful ______(live) forever. 美是永存的。(抽象概念) 要点:the+形容词(一类人) + 谓语复数; the+形容词(抽象概念) + 谓语单数。 9. A as well as B 及 A rather than B 作主语 例子:The old man as well as his sons ________ studying in university. 要点:A as well as B 及 A rather than B 作主语时,意义上强调 A,谓语动词与 A 一致。 It is you, rather than I, that ______ always breaking the traffic rules. 三、 就近一致:谓语动词与后面的主语一致 1.部分并列连词 Not only the teacher but also his students ______ (like) playing football. You or Jack ____ wrong. Either you or I _____ crazy. Neither the students nor the teacher _______(think) it is an easy problem. Not the driver but the two injured young men ________ (be) responsible(负责) for the accident. 但:Both his father and his mother ______ teachers. 2.以 here,there 开关的句子 例子:There _______ a pen and some books on the desk. 要点:以 here,there 开关的句子若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。 Here are some books and paper for you.
主谓一致练习 一、用恰当的词填空 1. My family ______ a large one. Now the whole family _______ watching the match. 2. Not only the boys but also the teacher _____ not know how to work out this maths problem. 3. The teacher as well as the students _______not know how to work out this maths problem. 4. The head teacher and English teacher of Class 18 _______ very humorous. 5. Mike, like his brothers, _______(enjoy) chess. 6. The teacher, together with the students, ______ now discussing Reading Skills that ________ newly published in America. 7. A number of famous people _____ invited to the party. The number of the students in our grade _____ 850. 8. It is you, rather than I, that ______ always breaking the traffic rules. 9. Not the driver but the two injured young men ________ (be) responsible(负责) for the accident. 10. One third of the country _______ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens