当前位置:文档之家› 高级中学考试备考区域地理3核心考点讲解专题训练.doc

高级中学考试备考区域地理3核心考点讲解专题训练.doc

高级中学考试备考区域地理3核心考点讲解专题训练.doc
高级中学考试备考区域地理3核心考点讲解专题训练.doc

高考备考区域地理3核心考点讲解专题训

高考备考区域地理3核心考点讲解专题训练:

一、三年高考概况

1.题目难易适中,考生选择该专题得分率中等。

2.从考查内容看,区域地理特征和差异及地理信息技术考查较多。

3.题型比较灵活,选择、计算、分析等都有。

二、高考策略

1.加强对基本概念和基本规律的理解,重视区域地图的阅读,掌握比较区域差异的基本方法和明确地理信息技术的应用。

2.加强贴近高考的典型题训练,提高分析问题解决问题的能力。

三、三年高考回放

1.区域地理特征分析

(1)区域自然地理要素

地形种类、主要地形区的分布、地势起伏、地形成因、地形对所在区域其他自然环境要素(气候、河流、植被、土壤)及人类活动的影响等方面

主要的气候类型、气候要素(主要指降水和气温)分布、影响气候的因素、气候对动植物和河流的影响、气候与农业生产的关系等方面

河流中上游地势起伏大、河流流量大、落差大、水流急的地

区,主要是开发水能资源;在河流中下游地形平坦、水流平缓、河道宽阔、流量稳定的地区,主要是开发内河航运

从区位条件,耕作制度或熟制(热量影响)、作物种类(热量和水分影响)、耕地类型、农业结构、农业地域类型等方面分析

主要从工业部门、工业分布、区位条件(如原料产地、工厂和市场三者之间的关系,技术和交通条件及布局要求)等方面分析

从居民的语言、民族、宗教、人口数量与素质、性别比、人口年龄构成、人口迁移、城市人口比重等方面分析

(1)自然环境差异的影响因素

自然环境的差异主要表现在气候、地貌、水文、土壤等方面,其差异形成的原因具体分析如下:

纬度位置和地势高低的差异,造成了温度的不同;大气环流和海陆位置的差异,造成了降水的不同;寒暖流的流经也会对气侯产生影响

(2)人类活动差异的影响因素

人类活动差异主要表现在农业、工业、人口、城市、交通等几个方面,其差异形成的原因具体分析如下:

(1)RS、GIS、GPS三者之间的区别

RS是一种侧重于收集信息的感知手段,其本质是看的过程。而GIS侧重于分析、计算,相当于想、算的人的活动。GPS的最大特点是工作对象是一个点或多个点,明显区别于RS与GIS的工作对象面。三者之间的区别具体见下表:包括遥感平台、传感器、信息传输装置、数字图像处理设以及相关技术

包括空间星座(GPS卫星24颗)、地面控制系统、用户系统

包括硬件设备、GIS软件、地理数据、GIS人员和应用模型

(2)遥感技术的应用

遥感现已广泛应用于陆地资源调查、地质调查、测绘、环境监测、规划管理等活动,并为GIS提供大量的数据和图像。遥感主要应用于以下一些领域:

目前,大比例尺地图大多利用航空摄影测量方法编制的,中小比例尺地图可用卫星遥感影像编制

提高绘图的精确度与速度

通过遥感图像解译,用图像处理技术提取植被的分布、类型、结构、健康状况等数据,进行农作物长势监测与估产

为农业、林业、城市绿化、环境保护等部门服务

对海上冰山漂流、海洋生态、全球气候变化及其影响、植被变化、水体污染、大气污染等进行监测和灾情评价

有利于人们了解环境变化,使环境得到保护和改善

实时跟踪灾害发生、发展过程、对灾害进行快速分析、评价和模拟,辅助开展灾后的应急和恢复工作

③在灾害监测中的应用:

应用地理信息系统,并借助于遥感技术,可有效地监测和预报洪涝灾害、森林火灾等。

(4)3S 技术的选取方法

由于3S 技术既相互区别又相互联系,因此在选取某一技术时应认清三者的概念及相互关系。

具体选择时应把握其本质区别:遥感(RS)是人的视力的延伸,它是侧重于收集信息的感知手段,通过飞机或卫星上携带的

传感器接收地物辐射或反射的电磁波来获得信息,并经过简单处理后获得资料,如航片、卫星云图等,因此遥感本质上是看的过程。而地理信息系统(GIS)是在一定的数据源的基础上进行分析、对比、计算,得出有益于人类生产生活的结论,它侧重于分析、计算,相当于想、算的人的活动。例如,气象卫星在高空收集到云系等信息情况并传输到地面,这是RS的应用,而将卫星云图与地面上实测到的气温、湿度、风向等信息(统称为数据源)经过计算、分析、处理,得出天气情况的预测则是GIS的应用。全球定位系统(GPS)相对应用途径单一,即定位并通过多次定位计算速度等,它的最大特点是工作对象是一个点或多个点,明显区别于RS与GIS的工作对象面。

在做3S 技术中选取适当手段之类的题目时,首先看其工作对象是点还是面,是点则选用GPS,如导航、珠峰高度测量等,是面则需看突出监测方面还是需处理计算才能得出结果,如要监测森林火灾则应选用RS,要在某城市选取大型商业中心区位应选用GIS。同时,一项工作往往可能在某次使用的是一种技术,而另一次则使用了另一种技术,甚至是同时使用了多种技术,因此,要认真审清题目,提炼题目中提供的信息,如某山区森林火灾发生后,扑救工作动用了卫星监测定位,并运用计算机软件对火势情况进行了分析和预报这一事件中,使用卫星监测是RS的应用,卫星定位则是GPS的应用,计算机处理预报信息则是GIS的应用。

考点一:区域地理特征的分析

【例1】(上海高考)图示的西伯利亚地区是俄罗斯的一个重要开发区,这里针叶林广布读图,回答(1)~(3)题。

(1)该地区的区域地理特征包括( )

①地广人稀②气候宜人③交通便捷④矿产丰富

A.①②

B.②③

C.③④

D.①④

(2)该地区南部人口密度相对较高,这主要是由于南部( )

①气温较适宜②位于平原地带③开发历史较长④经济

相对发达

A.①②③B.①②④C.①③④D.②③④

(3)20世纪后期以来,该地区内部呈现人口由南向北的迁移趋势,这主要是由于北部( )

A.人口密度低

B.开发了新资源C.交通条件改善D.市场广阔

【答案】(1)D (2)C (3)B

【解析】第(1)题,该地位于西伯利亚地区,纬度高,冬季寒冷,交通不便,地广人稀,但矿产资源丰富。第(2)题,该地南部多为河流发源地,因此不可能为平原地带,故C正确。第(3)题,20世纪后期以来,由于开发北部的资源使该地区内部呈现人口由南向北的迁移。

【考点定位】本题考查区域自然地理和人文地理特征的分析。

考点二:区域差异的比较

【例2】(重庆高考)下图为美国与巴西两国城市的土地、淡水、能源产出效益图。读下图回答(1)~(2)题。

(1)两国相比( )

A.淡水产出效益美国低于巴西B.淡水产出效益相等

C.能源产出效益美国低于巴西D.能源产出效益相等

(2)与巴西相比,形成美国城市土地产出效益特点的原因可能是( )

A.国土面积大B.城市绿地面积大C.城市人口比重高D.科技发展水平高

[获取和解读信息] 看清图例,

图中土地产出效益的单位是105美元/公顷,故这里的产出是单位面积上土地的经济效益。

【答案】(1)A(2)D

【解析】第(1)题,读图可知,土地产出效益:美国远高于巴西;淡水产出效益:美国低于巴西;能源产出效益:美国高于巴西。第(2)题,两国社会经济发展水平有明显差异,美国科技发展水平高,劳动生产率高,导致城市土地产出效益高。

【考点定位】本题考查区域差异的比较知识。

考点三:地理信息技术

【例3】(福建高考)

下图示意我国某家电企业组织的空间分布,读图回答下题。

地理信息系统能够辅助()

A.企业空间布局决策B.总部调控生产C.总部监控产品质量D.研发中心创意

【答案】A

【解析】地理信息系统能够对获取的地理空间数据进行输入、管理、分析与表达,是一种空间信息系统。图中显示的是某家电企业组织的空间分布,是与之相关的地理空间数据信息的组成部分。

【考点定位】本题考查地理信息技术的应用。

四、高考演练

1.(安徽联考)下图为尼罗河流域局部地区水系示意图。读图完成(1)~(3)题。

(1)图示区域多沼泽的主要原因是()

A.全年多雨,降水总量大B.纬度较高,气温较低,蒸发微

C.地处高原内部,地势平坦,排水不畅D.海拔高,冻土广布,地表水不易下渗

(2)图示区域与尼罗河三角洲气候差异显著,其主要影响因素是()

A.人类活动B.地形地势 C.海陆位置D.大气环流

(3)若在该国推广高产水稻种植,则其有利的社会经济条件是( )

A.生产技术先进 B.机械化程度高

C.劳动力丰富且廉价D.水利等基础设施完善

【答案】(1)C (2)D(3)C

【解析】本题主要考查区域特征知识。第(1)题,该区域为热带草原气候区,降水季节变化大,且地处高原内部,地势平坦,排水不畅,因此多沼泽。第(2)题,两区域气候的差异主要是受不同的大气环流的影响形成的。第(3)题,水稻种植需要劳动力较多,该地劳动力资源丰富。

2.(唐山一模)读某区域年等降水量线图(单位:mm),完成(1)~(2)题。

(1)据图示信息可知,该区域在冬季主要盛行( )

A.东北风B.西南风C.东南风D.西北风

(2)图示区域( )

A.地势大致东高西低

B.东、西部自然环境差异显著

C.湖泊一定为内陆湖D.降水集中在夏季

【答案】(1)B(2) B

【解析】本题主要考查区域差异比较。第(1)题,由区域定位可知,该地位于西亚地区,其气候为地中海气候,冬季受西风控制,主要盛行西南风。第(2)题,由图可以看出,该区域东、西部降水差异显著,说明其东、西部自然环境差异显著。由于该区域降水西多东少,说明地势大致西高东低,迎风坡降水多,背风坡降水少;图示湖泊有河流流入和流出,且靠近海洋,很可能是外流湖;该区域降水集中在冬季。

3.(衡阳三模)叠图分析是科学选址最常用的方法。结合下图,完成(1)~(2)题。

高考备考题库之英语带答案

高考备考题库之英语

1.I put himdown for a well-educatedman.

___________?

I mean that he s a well-educated man.

A. Ibeg yourpardon B.Speak louder,wi ll you

C. What s that

D. Willyou repeat word for wor d

2.He__________ he would beable to leave t omorrow,butit s beginningto took difficult.A.hopes B. was hoping C. had hoped D.hoped

3. ou___________ stop me.

Even ifyou __________it,I won tallow you to swim acrosstheriver.

A. mustn dare not do

B. may;darenot do

C. can;daretodo

D. needn daredo

4. ___________shewas invitedto the ball made her very happy.

A. If B.That C. WhenD.Because

5. She had golden hair when she was a child, but_________ she got older andolder, her hairwen tdarker and darker.

A. while

B. whenC.after D.as

6. I lostmy way in completedarknessand, matters worse, it began torain.

A. made B.having made C.making D.tomak e

7. I often have conversations with John over telep hone,whilekeep in touchwith Tom by__________le tter.

A. 不填;;the B.不填;a C. the;不填D. the; a

8.Themost favorite room is the tidystudy wi th a fireplace, we can watch TV andenjoythe nice scenery outside.

A. whereB.whenC.that D. which

9.You dont seemto be quite yourself tod

ay. What s wrong?

Oh, I msufferingfrom a cold. Nothing serious,

A. yet

B. indeed

C. though

D. anyway

10.___________lessonswere notdifficult.

A. Our fewfirst shortEnglish

B. Our firstfewshort English

C.Our few first Englishshort

D. Few our firstEnglish short

11. Mr. Smith sold thatmagnificent cottage of his on thesea2,000,000dollars.

A. at

B.for

C.to D.by

12.Whichone canItake?

-You cantake__________ of them;I ll keepnone.

A.both B. any C. either D. all

13. What a pity! He____________ the only chanc eofsuccess.

A.threw away B. putdown C.gavein D. br okeoff

14. Come in,please.Make yourselfat home.

I m gladyoulike it.

A. Thanks. Youhave a niceplace here.

B. Oh,this pictureis so beautiful!

C. Thanks. What nice food you ve prepared!

D OK.Let melook aroundyournew house.

15._________ time andlabor,cartoonistsge nerally draw the hands of their characters with only 3f ingers and athumb.

A. Tosave

B. Saved

C. Saving

D. Having saved

16.How muchis theT-shirt ___________?

65 dollars.

A.worth B. costCworthy D. Paid

17.Glad to meet you.

____________

A.So do I.

B. How areyou?

C.How do you do? D.The same to you.

18.CanI drive on the free way, Mr.Green?

You can when you____________ a bitmore skilled.

A. will get B. are getting C. will havegot D.get

19. It is generallyconsideredunwise to give achild___________ he orshe wants.

A.however B.whatever C.whichever D. whenev er

20.FormanyBeijingers,dreams of living in ___________ greenareaare becoming___________reality.

A.a; aB. the; the C. 不填;不填D.不填;a

21. Mymoney ___________.I must go to thebank to draw some ofmysavings out beforeIv enonein hand.

A.has runoutB.is runningout

C.has been run out

D.isbeingrun out

22. For quite____________ students, their teacher s advice ismore important than___________ of their parents.

A. few; one

B. a few;that

C. alittle ;some D. a lot; many

23. __________ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.

A. He hardlyhadB. Hadhehardly

C. Hardly hadhe

D. Hardly hehad

24.On the long journey,Peter ________ amo st interesting guide.We all hada wonderful time.

A. practiced

B.behaved

C. proved

D. conducte d

25. --Do you live____________near Jim?

--No, helives in another partofthe town.

A. somewhere

B. nowhere

C.anywhere D.everyw here

26. Thisphoto of mine wastaken__________ stood thefamoushigh tower.

A. which

B.inwhich C.where D. there

27.Some of thesuspects(嫌疑犯) refused toanswer and kept theirmouthsshut.

A. questioning B.being questioned

C.questioned D.to bequestioned

He hadlittleideathatit was getting so late, ___________?

A.didn t he B. wasn titC.didhe D.was it

29.Peterwon t drive us tothestation.He ha s___________ to takeusall.

A. a very smallcar B.too small acar

C. a toosmall car

D. sucha smallcar

30. You____________ television. Why not dosomethingmore active?

A. always watch B.too smalla car

C. have alwayswatched

D.have always been watchi

31. Youmustbe excited about goingto Japanfor schooling.

__________ ,but I m afraidIcan t d owellbecause Japanese is poor.

A. Nevermind B. Well,Iought to

C.I dontknow yet D. Certainlynot

32. What do you thinkof your nephew?

He__________be very naughty butat thesame time you poor.

A. will; will B. woncan t

C.may ; may D. can; cant

33. Exerciseis__________ as any other to lose unwantedweight.

A. souseful away B.as auseful way

C. as useful a wayD.sucha usefulway

34.____________ you_________ the editor at the airport?

No,he__________ away beforemy arrival.

A.Have...met;has driven B. Had... met;was driven

C.Did...meet;had been drivenD. Have... met; had driven

35.Whydidn t youanswer myphone when I phoned you at about 11 p.m. yesterday?

I___________andfailed to hear the phone.

A.might haveslept B.must besleeping

C. might be sleepingD.musthave beensleeping

36. His parents meant him_____________ scientifi cresearch, buthe showed no interest and turnedpoet.

A.going in for B.to have gone in for

C. togo infor

D. havinggone in for

37. What would you wish to doif you wereacollege student again?

That sveryhard to say, butI wishIwhe nI was a college student.

A. hasnot studiedbiology

B. did study biology

C. had studied biology

D. studiedbiology

38. He___________ when the bus came to a sudden stop.

A. wasalmosthurt B.was to hurt himself

C. was hurt himself D. washurting himself

39.with the sizeof thewhole earth, the highest mountain doesn t seemhigh at all.

A.When comparedB.To compare

C. WhilecomparingD.It compared

40.If you want to see a doctor,fixthedatewithhimahead of time.Thisis acommon ___________ inthe USA.

A.habit B.law C.ruleD. custom

41. Nothing__________afterthe terrible f irewhichhad beencaused by someone smokin gin bed.

A. left

B. was remained

C. remained D.continued

42.Although motorcar has been with usfor almost a century,I have never been able to drive __________American one.

A.the;an B. wasremained C. a;the D. th e; the

43. It was nota good idea to goskating.You __________yourleg.

A.canbreakB. could break

C. could havebrokenD. couldhave been broken

44.What were you doing when she dropped in?

Ifor a while and_________ somereading.

A. was playing; was going to do B.played; did

C.had played;was goingto do D.hadplayed;did

45.Thequeen willvisitthe towninMay, she willopen the newhospital.

A.when B. then C.whileD. but

46._________good,the foodwas soon soldout.

A. TastedB. Being tasted C. Tasting D.Having tasted

47. I feelsillyinthese clothes.Everyo ne will___________me.

A. worryabout B. make fun of

C. get ridof

D. takeinterestin

48.How did you find your visit tothemuseum, Jane?

A.Oh,wonderful, indeed

B.By taking a num ber3bus

C. I wenttherealoneD. Aclassmateof mine showed me the way

49.Up to Tuesday sattack, the worst schoo lshooting in theU.S. was inMarch1998 in Jones boro,two boys,aged 11and 13, shot and kil led a teacherand four girls.

A.while B.where C.when D. Then

50.When Itried to find _________thatprevented so manypeople from taking part in the progr am,it seemed to me thatthere were twomain reasons.

A.why it did B.that itdidC. whatitwas D.why it was

51.I triedhard togetsome information aboutthe new technologyoutof hismouth, buthe remained____________.

A.quiet

B. secret

C. silent

D. calm

52. Why! Where s my passport?MaybeIleftitonthe plane.

--My Goodness!You ____________ thing sbehind.

A. had never left

B. didn t leave C. never left

53.Show meyour permit, please.

Oh, it s not inmy pocket. It

A. might falloutB.could fall out

C. should have fallenout

D. must havefallen out

54.Idliketohave some lunchbutIhave to stayhere doing my work.

___________what you wantandIcan get it foryou.

A.Totell meB.Telling me C.If you tell me D.Tellme

55. Who Moved MyCheese?, ____________is a best-selling book, is written by Spencer J ohnson.

A. which B.thatC.it D.what

56. Ourholiday cost a lotof money.

Did it? Well ,that doesn tmatter____________ you enjoyed yourselves.

A.unless B.incase C.as far as D. as

long as

57.O Neal works hard. Heisoften seen _______ heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice.

A. sweated

B.to besweated

C. sweating

D. bein gsweated

58. Travelers_______________that they shouldbring theirID cardswiththem.

A.have reminded B.are reminded

C.were reminding D. had been reminded

59.Lookatthesetracks. It __________beawolf.

It needn t be.It be afox.

A. must; could B. may ; might

C. need ; must D.could;need

60.Ivevisited a lot ofdifferent places and stayedin lots ofdifferent hotels, but none of them___________ this one.

A.makes B.beatsC. comparesD. matches

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档