语言学术语翻译及术语解释

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术语翻译及术语解释汇总 术语翻译 1. Design features of language (语言的甄别特征)

Arbitrariness (任意性),Duality (二层性 /二重性),Creativity (创造性 /原

创性),

Displacement (移位性), Cultural transmission (文化传播),

Interchangeability

(可互换性) 2. Functions of language

referential 指称功能 poetic 诗学功能

conative 劝慰功能 phatic 寒暄功能

ideational function 概念功能

textual function 语篇 /文本功能

Performative Function (施为功能),

Phatic communion (寒暄交谈),

3. Phonetics( 语音学 ),

Morphology (形态学),

Semantics (语义学),

Articulatory phonetics 发音语音学 Auditory phonetics 听觉语音学

Sociolinguistics 社会语言学

emotive 情感功能

metalingual function 元语言功能

interpersonal function 人际功能

Informative (信息 /告知功能),

Emotive Function (情感功能),

Recreational Function (娱乐功能),

Phonology (音系 /音位学) ; Syntax (句法学) ; Pragmatics (语用学)

Acoustic phonetics 声学语音学

Psycholinguistics 心理语言学

Anthropological linguistics 人类语言 Neurolinguistics 神经语言学4.

Descriptive vs. prescriptive 描写式和规定式

Synchronic vs. diachronic 共时和历时 Langue vs. parole 语言和言语 Competence vs. performance 语言能力和语言行为

5. Vocal tract 声道(resonating cavities 共鸣腔), pharynx 咽腔,oral cavity 口 腔 and nasal cavity 鼻腔. 其它的一些发音器官: lungs 肺, windpipe (trachea )气管 , vocal folds 声带, larynx 喉, epiglottis 会厌,次声门 , pharynx 咽 , uvula 小舌, hard palate 硬

腭 , soft palate 软腭, alveolar ridge 齿龈 6. Consonants and vowels (辅音和元音)

A. Manners of articulation 发音方式 B. Places of articulation 发音位置

7. Stop (or plosive) 爆破音 Fricative 摩擦音 Approximant 近似音

Lateral (approximant) 边音 Affricates 塞擦音, trill 颤音 and tap 闪音

Bilabial 双唇音 Labiodental 唇齿音 Dental 齿音 Alveolar 齿龈音 Postal veolar 后齿龈音 Retroflex 卷舌音 Palatal 硬腭音 Velar 软腭音 Uvular 小舌音 , pharyngeal 咽音 glottal 声门音

monophthong vowel: 单元音 diphthongs 双元音 triphthongs 三元

Lax vowels 短元音 Tensed vowels 长元音

8. Coarticulation and phonetic transcription

发音. broad transcription 宽式标音 narrow transcription 严式标音

9. minimal pairs 最小对立体 Phoneme 音位

协同发音和标音 anticipatory coarticulation 先期协同发音 perseverative coarticulation 后滞协同 phones 音子 allophones 音位变体 complementary distribution 互补分布 phonetic similarity 发音近似性 Free variation 自由变体 assimilation 同化 regressive assimilation 逆同化

progressive assimilation 顺同化 phonological rule 音系规则 Epenthesis 增音

binary 二分的

Distinctive features 区别特征

Endocentric and Exocentric Constructions 向心结构和离心结构

subordinate and coordinate 从属和并列

The referential theory: 指称理论 Semantic triangle 语义三角

Sense and reference :涵义和指称

Synonymy 同义关系 Antonymy 反义关系 Hyponymy 上下义关系

Polysemy 一词多义关系 Homonymy 同音 /形异意关系

Dialectal synonyms 地域同义词 Stylistic synonyms 风格同义词

Collocational synonyms 搭配同义词

gradable antonymy 等级反义关系 cover term 覆盖项

Marked vs. unm arked terms 标记项和非标记项

phonemic transcriptions 音位转写 phonetic transcriptions 语音转写

Conceptual meaning 概念意义

Associative meaning: 联想意义

Connotative meaning 内涵意义

Affective meaning 情感意义

Collocative meaning 搭配意义

Social meaning 社会意义

Reflected meaning 反射意义

Thematic meaning 主位意义

denotation: 外延意义 connotation: 内涵 compleme ntary antonymy 互补反义关系 con verse antonymy 逆向反义关

系 homoph on es: 同音异义词 homographs : 同形异义词

complete homonyms semantic components 语义部分

术语解释 1. Design feature 的定义:the defining (最典型的,起决定作用的) properties of human Ianguage that distinguish it from any animal system of com muni catio n. 2. Synchronic 共时:It refers to the description of a Ianguage at some point of time in history. 3. Diachronic 历时:It studies the development or history of Ianguage. In other words, it refers to the description of a Ianguage as it changes through time . 4. prescriptive 规定式: A kind of linguistic study aims to lay down rules for correct and standard ” behavior in using Ianguage. 5. descriptive 描写式:A kind of linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the Ian guage people actually use . 6. Arbitrariness (任意性):By saying that fanguage is arbitrary ”,we