探析日语“请求”表达的教授法
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:184.87 KB
- 文档页数:2
科技信息 人文社科
搽析日语‘ 请求’’表达昀教授法
西安外事学院日语系余洋
[摘要】忽视日语的文化和语言习惯,在母语和日语之间直译的情况,在不少日语学习者中普遍存在。这很容易制约他们提升语言 水平。本文就学习者时“一 < 芑0、”句型的一些不当使用进行了分析,探析教师怎样设计教学过程,补充多元的表达方式,讲透 之间的联系,引导学生视双方身份地位的尊卑、关系的亲疏,得当地表达“请求”。 [关键词】授受动词 补助动词 敬语表达
本文就学习者对“~ < 冬 、”句型的~些不当使用进行了分析, 进而探讨了从旧知识——授受动词导人,自然过渡到新知识——“请 求”表达的教授法,方法简单易懂、易于掌握。 表1列举了学习者中常见的一些表达。这些讲法虽然符合语法规 范,却不恰当,让听者不禁蹙眉。 表1常见不恰当表达 实c土二j 0、’j矗 学生力 ,)允文 弓c=言0、允加,)
1.寸 圭世尢 、手佞,) < 芑0、。 1.劳驾,能帮我个忙吗? 2.寸 圭世尢 、00大学/、、行<道卺 2,劳驾,能告诉我去0o大学 教之r< 誊0 。 的路怎么走吗? 3.寸 圭世尢 、席电替扣 < 芑 3.对不起,可以跟我换个座位 0 o 吗?
笔者制 《新版中日交流标准日本语初级(上)}P172相关讲解为:“请求某 人做某事时使用‘动词 形+< 芑0、,‘~ < 墨0、圭世尢加’更为 礼貌。” ‘ 初学者程度尚浅,不少教材在初级阶段一般只谈及“~ < 墨0、” 的基础概念,到了中级阶段才讲授更多的表达方式。然而,学生一旦对 使用“~ < 芑 、”习以为常,反而对之后接触的“~ <札圭亨加、 一 屯岛之圭寸加、~ c亍圭寸力、”等等感到眼花缭乱,往往学 了也难以用好。 这就需要教师适时跟进,补充多元的表达方式,讲透之间的联系, 以满足学习者日常使用的需求。 一、配合一些常见情景会话,启发学生体会“动词 形"t-( 亭L、” 句型 例文1先生一学生先生: 冬 、明後日圭 I二宿题老 墨 。 例文2保具一客保具:l二-二c二住所匕8名前老壹 苎 。 例文3医者一患者医者:‘二 藁 1日汇3回、每食後}二鲛 墨 。 显而易见,以上情景中,老师、工作人员、医生并未请求听话人帮他 们做什么。例句l是一种指示,例句2、3是劝说听话人做有利于听话人 自身的行为。通常对身份地位相等或比自己低的人使用,往往对方也有 义务或应该这么做。 “~ < 墨 ”是“一r< 冬弓”的命令形,虽为礼貌体,若用来 请求对方帮忙(如表1),则显语气生硬。那么,恰当的表达方式还有哪 些呢? 二、引导学生从授受动词“~<扎否、~毛6寺”过渡到补助动词 “一 <机否、~ 毛6j”。并熟练掌握其敬语表达 首先,可以参见表2建立起如下观念:授受的既可以是物品也可以 是某种动作或行为,即授受内容由“物品一行为”的变化。 表2授受动词转换到补助动词的模式
(一)以一般礼貌体举例说明。
一160一 表3授受动词转换到补助动词的例句
~<扎为 一 ~ <扎6 ~毛)岛_j 一 ~ 毛)岛j
李芑尢 丝 童<扎圭寸。 一李芑 力 丝囟垄煎 <扎圭中。 小李给我地图。 一 小李给我画地图。 (给我物品~地图) (给我行为一画地图)
李墨尢l二地圆劳 、主寸。 李墨尢忙她阅劳描 、-.6屯亡) 圭寸。 我从小李那儿得到地图。 (我请)小李给我画地图。 (得到物品—地图) (得到行为一画地图)
笔者制 由于“~ <扎为”表达的是对方主动为我做某事,故而主体是对 方。“~ 毛)岛j”用于我请对方做某事,或从对方那里得到某种有益于 自己的行为,故而主体是我。 (二)参照上述方法,逐步引导学生熟练过渡到敬语表达。 勤嗣r叫: 亏二 嗣 叫:
三、在“一 <机否、~ 66j”句型基础上,用疑问句形式,礼貌 地询问对方能否给予帮助 通常,我们用询问商量的语气礼貌地请求他人帮助。试比较: 小李,请你画幅地图。(李冬凡、地圆誓描0 < 、。)—刊、李, 你能给我画幅地图吗? (一)以一般礼貌体举例说明。 表4陈述句变为疑问句 ~ <扎圭寸 一 ~亡<扎圭寸加 ~ 毛)岛 、丧寸 一 ~ 屯岛之圭中加 李芑/乞r力地因老描0、 <扎圭寸。— 李芒尢地因老描0 <扎圭 lo
李芑 二地囡老描 、 屯 0、圭寸。— 李芑尢 阅老描L、 毛) 圭 。 。 笔者制 “一 屯岛0、圭寸力 ”要用其可能态,即“一 毛)岛之圭亨加”表达 “能否……?”由于“~ 屯 乏耋寸力、”主体是说话人自身,因此较之“ 一 <札圭寸加”更能突出“(我)能请你……?”的语感。 如再将“~圭寸加”改为“~圭世尢加”“一 0、 L上j加”,即“能 不能……?”则带有商量的语气,更显得委婉客气。 (二)掌握了一般规律后,学习者可根据身份地位的尊卑、关系的亲 疏,配合使用敬语。需注意尊他语、自谦语的规则变化及特殊变化,不复 赘述,仅举例如下: 表5尊他与自谦表达 以听话人为主体尊他 以说话人为主体自谦
一 <扎丧寸加 ~ < 芒 ~ 屯岛之壹寸力、 ~ 、 、圭寸力、 c于圭寸力、 笔者制 寸 圭世尢力i、oo大学,\行<道老教之 苎 圭主 。 寸 耋世尢 、00大学飞行<道营教之 f 圭主 。 与一般礼貌体同理,“~ 、允 c于丧寸加”较之“~ < 芑0、丧 寸加”更能突出“(我)能请您……?”的语感。
(下转第161页) 科技信息 人文社科
Self-access Centers
Effects on College English Learning
Tianjin University of Science and Technology Liu Jie
【Abstract]This paper aims to investigate self--access centers’effects on coUege Enghsh learning Data,collected in the form of questionnaires and interview,were analyzed.Results demonstrate that the self-access center(SAC)does help students to promote learner autonomy,lower their anxiety and encourage their interest in college English learning. 【Ke ̄/ords]self-access center(SAC)learner autonomy coHege English learning effect
1.1ntroduction 1.1Theoretical background For several decades,the self-access center(SAC),where learner autono— my theory is put into practice out of classroom has attracted more and more at— tention of many researchers and teachers.According to Michael Rodden and Michelle Parrington『2002):a seJf_access center is a physical entity.which e ̄lrl be defined as any purpose—designed facility in which learning resources are made direcfly available to learners.Many of t}Ie more recent seIf-access cen— tern are generously financed and possess of the latest computer and commnni— cation technologies,and even some centers have their own web sites and offer some of their services and resources online. 1.2 Research questions 1'he study aims to investigate whether the SAC plays a positive effect on cofiege English learning.The research questions are:f1)How does the SAC help learners to promote learner autonomy?(2)Whether does the SAC lower learners’anxiety and encourage their interest in college English learning? 2.Methodology 2.1 The experiment There was one class including 62 freshmen involved in the experiment. There were computers.the computer software.CD—R0Ms.the web site in the SAC.The experiment lasted for one year. 2.2 Date collection There are two instruments for data collection in the experiment,including questionnaires and the interview.The questionnaires were respectively done when students began to study English in the SAC and when they finished one year’s self-acce8s language learning.The interview was done when students finished one year’s learning. 3.Data analysis 3.1 The results ofquestionnaires According to the questionnaire done at the beginning of the students’ learning in the SAC.most students couldn’t choose the suitable learning n1a.. terials for themselves,and they couldn’t make full use of their spare time for English learning,and they didn’t really understand their advantages and dis- advantages in learning English,etc—While in the second investigation,78%of the students thought learner autonomy had been enhanced,and most students could set up learning goals and make learning plans.Also they could choose learning materials that suit them and make the se assessment of their learn— ing.In general,they could do the serf-access much better than before.Mean- while 88%of the studeitts thought that,while listening and speaking,the new way could lower their anxietv.which was one of the main obstacles for imprev- ing listening and speaking skills in the traditional classroom. 3.2The resultsoftheinterview In the interview.about 70%of tIle interviewees thought that their aware- ness of learner autonomy had been enhanced.It was clear to be seen that they had the positive attitudes towards their learning in the SAC.They loved to spend time practicing listening and speaking with so many interesting materi— als in the SAC.They got a l0t 0f fun from various activities there.Thcy could study with less pressure than that in the classroom,with more freedom to plan the schedule.to decide which materials to study with and which language skig to practice.It proved that when百ven enough respect and right,students could do better than ever before. 4.Conclusion This study proves the self-access center really helps students to promote learner autonomy,lower their anxiety and encourage their interest in college English learning.That is,the self-access center plays a positive effect on col- lege English learning. References [1 ̄ohnson,K E.1995.Understanding Communicarlon in Second Language Classrooms.London:CUP. 1 2 JLittlewood,W.1999 Deftnition and developing Autonomy in East Asian Context.Apphed Linguistics,20(1),pp 71—94. 1 3 JRodden,M.&Parrington,M.2002.Self-access:A Framwork for Diversity.TheJournal,(13),PP.156—160. 1 4 JScrivener,J.2002.Learning Teaching:A Guide Book for En曲sh Language Teachers.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.