被动语态知识点讲解更全面思路清晰

被动语态

一、 主动语态与被动语态的概念：

语态 ---- 说明主语和谓语之间的关系

英语动词的语态有两种：⑴主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者

⑵被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用)

例：They speak English. （主动语态）

主 谓 宾

English is spoken by them. （被动语态）

主语 谓语 介词短语

注：☆及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。

例：⑴We listen to the teacher carefully in class.

主 谓 宾

→The teacher is listened to by us carefully in class.

主语 谓语 介词短语 ⑵Ｗe laughed at him .

→He was laughed at by us.

二、 被动语态的结构与应用情况：

㈠ 基本结构：

肯定句式：be +done (及物动词的过去分词)

如果是不及物动词 + 相应的介词或副词

否定句式：be +not +done

疑问句式：be动词（情态动词）放句首

被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be。

注：☆被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。

Eg:

１、 Ｔhe song is liked by young people. (肯定句)

２、 Ｔhe song isn’t liked by young people （否定句）

３、 Is the song liked by young people ? （一般疑问句）

４、 Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked? （特殊疑问句） ㈡ 各种时态的构成（动词以do为例）：

时 态 动词的被动形式 例句

一般现在时am/is

/are done He is asked to do this.

一般过去时was/were done The story was told by her

mother.

一般将来时will /shall be done The problem will be

discussed tomorrow.

Is/are going to

过去将来时should/would be done He said the trees

would be planted soon.

Was/were are going to

现在进行时am/is/are being done The novel is being

written.

过去进行时was/were being done At that time the desk was

being made.

现在完成时has/have been done The house has been built.

过去完成时had been done They said that their work

had been finished.

含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+ done Your homework must be handed in today.

其它几种特殊句型：It is said that ……..? ?? ?? ?It is well known

that …….? ?? ? It is reported that……?

例：①History is made by the people. (一般现在时)

②The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. (一般过去时)

③The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时)

④The room must be kept clean. （含有情态动词的被动语态）

⑤The door is being opened. （现在进行时）

⑥The film has been seen by me. （现在完成时）

注：☆不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。

（三）应用情况

行为的执行者不明确或不必说出来。

Eg: A stranger was killed last night.

用于强调动作的承受者而不是执行者。

Eg: The story is told everywhere in the city.

三、 主动语态改被动语态的方法： 方法分为三步：⑴把原主动句中的宾语改成主语 （如果是人称代词同时应把宾格改为主格）

⑵谓语动词改为被动形式be done(时态不变，人称和数必须和新主语一致)

⑶把原主动句的主语，如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则省去 （by短语 是代词，要用宾格形式）

例：1）The man killed a tiger.

→ A tiger was killed by the man .(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面)

2）They are repairing the machine.

→ The machine is being repaired by them.

3) The workers have done the job.

→ The job has been done by the workers.

四、 特殊句型的被动语态：

⑴含有使役动词（make /let /have）或感官动词（hear ,see, listen to ,look

at ,find ,watch, feel, notice, observe等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to, 但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。 例：①Mother often makes me do some housework.

→I am often made to do some housework by mother.

②We saw him run into the classroom.

→He was seen to run into the classroom by us.

⑵teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语），改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词to/for。

例：①Ｓhe gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me.

→I was given a pen by her.

→A pen was given to me by her.

②My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for

me.

→I was bought a new bike by my father.

→A new bike was bought for me by my father.

⑶由不及物动词（vi）+介词/副词＋宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。(前面已举过两例) 常见的这类短语动词有:take care of, look

after, take off, look at, send for, look up等。

例：①Ｗe should speak to old people politely. →Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us).

②He took away the box..

→The box was taken away by him.

⑷含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。（宾补放在原来位置不变）

例：①We call him Xiao Ma.

主 谓 宾 宾补

→Ｈe is called Xiao Ma by us.

②He found the book very interesting.

→The book was found very interesting by him.

(5)主动表示被动

Want, need, require 表“需要”时有两种被动语态形式。

The room requires cleaning.

requires to be cleaned.

Worth doing 表示被动。

The book is well worth reading.

五、 没有被动语态的动词 1. 表示状态或特征的及物动词 如: sell, study, grow, begin, read, cost,

fit, have, suit等没有被动形式，

2. 不及物动词或动词短语 如: appear, die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束),

fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, come true, fall asleep,

rise,...

result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of

happen = take place, break out(爆发)，break down(坏了)

3.大多数系动词：be ,feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来) taste（尝起来）,prove(证明)， turn, become, remain, stay等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。

例：The skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。

Many changes have happened in our hometown.

The film lasted for 3 hours.