英译汉-文体翻译(3)科技

第六单元文体翻译
第三节科技英语
科技英语尤指自然科学方面：
科技著述、论文、报告、方案等；
科技情报与文字资料；
科技实用手段的结构描述与操作说明；
有关科技问题的会谈、会议、交谈用语
科技影片、录像、视频等的解说词；
科技发明、发现的报道；
科学幻想小说，等等。

一、科技英语的特点
例
At first people believed that air was of only one gas. But by experiment they found out that it is made of two important gases and very small amounts of others.
Here is a description of one experiment which they did to find out what one of these two important gases is.
At first it was believed that air consisted of a single gas. But by experiment it was discovered that it consists of two important gases and traces of others.
One experiment which was carried out to discover what one of these two gases might be, is described as follows:
例
If you fill a glass with water and drop into it a few crystals of permanganate of potash—written like this in chemistry: KMnO4, you see that the water near the crystals turns pink. If you heat the water, you can see the way in which the pink water moves. First it rises, then it moves across the surface, and then it sinks down the side of the vessel.
If a glass vessel is filled with water and a few crystals of potassium permanganate—chemical formula: KMnO4 are dropped into it, the water near the crystals is seen to turn pink. If the water is heated, the way in which the pink water moves can be seen….
(一)词汇特点
1、词的性质：
纯技术词：专业词汇或术语
例：hydroxide，anode，isotope
通用技术词：不同专业都使用的通用词汇，但在不同专业中，意义可能不同。

例：power：
transmission：
半技术词：来源于普通词汇的专业词语。

例：head：
2、词的类型
派生词：
例：microbiology←micro-bio-ology
缩写词：
●结构上：一个或多个首写字母组成
例：IT, EDP, RADCM
●形式上：大写、小写或兼用
例：AB ，Ab ，aB, ab, a/b, a&b, A/B, A-B, A·B
●意义上：有同型异义现象
例：LVP ：Lower V oltage Protection
Left Ventricular Pressure
Launch Vehicle Programs
（二）句法特点
1、被动语态大量使用
2、非谓语动词形式大量使用
3、名词化倾向
●名词词组
例1 ：Testing of machines by this method entails some loss of power.
例2 ：The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction.
●名词连用
例：illumination intensity determination
breast cancer survey program evaluation
4、形容词短语后置定语
例：Non-mobile robot, capable of learning to perform an industrial task and then of being left to perform it tirelessly, are even now in use in industrial plants all over the world.
5、长复合句
6、条件句较多
例：If the cover should have a crack, the harmful gas would come out and cause pollution.
7、祈使语气较多
例：Grip handle as far as possible from blade.
二、翻译技巧与注意事项
1、严谨缜密，语言规范：严谨的书面语体
2、概念清楚，术语准确：
例1：That the vitamin is sensitive to light was recognized only later.
3、专业知识
例：The thermister is a ceramic semiconductor bead，rod or disk.
4、文字简练
例：Leakage of fuel from drain connection must not exceed 20 cc/hr. Check leakage rate over 2 minutes and record the result.
5、逻辑严密
例1：More thorough testing might have caught the failure initially.
例2：Glass, whose expansion coefficient is much less, also expands as steel does.
例3：Magnetic measurements give no information about the extent of the thermal area at depth. V olcanic rocks from the inside the field were found to be non-magnetic.
6、表达通顺
例：The complexity and control of parameters of integrated circuits made it preferable for the manufacturers to use minicomputer-based automatic processing equipment to minimize operator-induced failures.
译一：集成电路参数的复杂性和控制使得制造者愿意采用以小型计算机为基础的自动加工设备来把操作人员造成的故障减到最小。

译二：集成电路参数复杂，且需加以控制。

为了尽量减少人为故障，其制造厂家乐于采用小型计算机控制的自动加工设备。