常用动词及动词短语辨析

专题九 动词和动词短语

重难点分析

对于动词和动词短语，主要考查词义辨析、动词的用法和搭配、一词多义以及在具体语境中正确使用动词短语。要特别注意一些最常用的词汇如get, make, have, take以及与它们构成的动词短语等。动词和动词短语是英语高考语法填空和完形填空的必考点。

一、动词分类一览表

动词的分类 例句

行为动词

(实义动词) 及物动词(vt.)+宾语 He sang a song for us.

不及物动词(vi.) 后不接宾语 He arrived late.

+介词 He arrived in Wuhan at 10 a.m.

系动词 表人和事物的特征和状态：be, feel, appear, seem, look, sound,

smell, taste等 He seems angry.

表状态变化：become, get, go, turn, grow, fall等 The fish went bad.

表状态的延续或持续：keep, stay, remain等

He remained silent.

助动词 be, have, do, shall, will等，不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形或分词一起构成谓语的各种形式 I have bought a car.

情态动词 can/could, may/might, shall/should, will/would, must, need, dare等 He may come tomorrow.

注意：有些动词是兼类词。如：We have lunch at 12. (行为动词) / We have been to Japan. (助动词)

二、动词短语构成一览表

动词短语构成 示例 例句

动词+副词 break out 爆发 The Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1931.

动词+介词 agree with 同意 I agree with you on that point.

初中英语动词及动词考点

1动词的基本框架

动词包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。

(一)实义动词

实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。

1.及物动词：及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。

(1)动词+宾语

I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。

(2)动词+宾语+宾补

We call the bird Polly.我们叫这只鸟Polly。

I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。

注意:用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:have,see,watch,notice,hear等。

(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。

常见的带双宾语的动词有:

give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell等。

2.不及物动词

不及物动词自身意思完整,不用接宾语。 Horses run fast.马跑得快。

(1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。

We study English.我们学习英语。(及物动词)

We study hard.我们努力学习。(不及物动词)

(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用相当于一个及物动词。

①动词+介词

Listen to the teacher carefully.仔细听老师讲。

此类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。

②动词+副词+介词

Let’s go on with our work!让我们继续我们的工作吧!

He gets along well with his classmates.他与他的同学们相处得很好。

初中常见动词短语及近义词词义辨析：

1. 常见的动词短语有以下几种形式：

动词+介词laugh at嘲笑point at指着worry about担忧

agree with赞成ask for请求talk about 谈论

pick up捡起grow up长大look out 当心stay up熬夜

动词+名词make progress取得进步make faces做鬼脸

动词+名词+介词make friends with... 和……交朋友

动词+副词+介词stay away from远离get along with进展；处理

动词+介词+名词go to school go to bed

常见的动词短语

Take

take up占据；开始做…．

take away带走；拿走

take off起飞；脱掉

take down写下；记下；拆除

take out拿出；切除

take place发生

take care of照顾

take part in 参加

make

make a decision作出决定

make a mistake犯错

make a living谋生

make up组成；构成

Keep

keep out留在外面

keep up with并驾齐驱；跟上

keep away from远离

keep in touch保持联系

keep healthy保持健康

Give

give up放弃

give in 屈服；让步

give away捐赠

give out散发；分发

give off发出（光、热等）Get

get to 到达

get up 起床；起来

get over 克服

get on 上车

get off 下车

get together相聚

get ready for为……作准备

Turn

turn on打开

turn off关闭

turn up开大；调高；出现

turn down调低；关小

turn in上交

turn out结果是……

Put

put up搭建；张贴

Come vi. ( comes; came, come; coming ) 来

come about(v.+adv.) 1.发生

It came about in this way.它就是这样发生的。2.改变方向

The wind has come about in the last hour.最后一小时风向变了。

come across(v.+adv.) 1.过来; 过访

When the traffic has all passed, it's safe to come across.车辆都过去后再过马路就安全了。

2.被理解或接受

Your speech came across very well.你的讲话很成功。

3.吐露,说出

For hours the police questioned the man, and finally he came across with the story.好几个小时

警察都在审问那个人,最后他说出了实情。4.偿还…; 被迫把…交出来

The robber told the woman to come across with her purse.拦路抢劫者勒令那个女人把钱包交出来。

5.穿过,越过Be careful when you come across the street.过马路要小心。

6.偶然发现,偶然遇见I came across him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上无意中碰到了他。

7.出现在头脑中,留下印象

A good idea came across my mind.我忽然想到一个好主意。

come across as(v.+adv.+prep.) 像是,似乎是…

He came across as being rather nervous.他好像有些紧张。

come after(v.+prep.) 跟踪; 紧跟The dog is coming after me.那条狗跟在我的后面。