Chen et al 2007 J HazardousMats.2

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JournalofHazardousMaterials141(2007)148–155CharacterizationanddistributionofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarboninsurfacewaterandsedimentfromQiantangRiver,China

YuyunChen,LizhongZhu∗,RongbingZhouDepartmentofEnvironmentalScience,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou,Zhejiang310028,PRChinaReceived19April2006;receivedinrevisedform27June2006;accepted27June2006Availableonline30June2006

AbstractThespatialandtemporaldistributionofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons(PAHs)hasbeeninvestigatedinQiantangRiver,animportantdrinkingwaterresourceinYangziRiverDelta,China.Atotalof218samples,including180waterand38sedimentsampleswerecollectedinJanuary,April,JulyandOctober,2005.TheconcentrationsoftotalPAHsinwaterrangedfrom70.3to1844.4ng/Lwiththemeanvalueof283.3ng/L,whichwerepredominatedbytwo-andthree-ringPAHs.Theconcentrationoftotal15PAHsinsedimentrangesfrom91.3to614.4ng/gdryweightwiththemeanvalueof313.1ng/gdryweight,andthree-andfour-ringPAHsweredominantspecies.TheratiosofAN/(AN+Phen)andFlur/(Flur+Pye)werecalculatedtoevaluatethepossiblesourcesofPAHs.TheseratiosreflectedapatternofpetrogenicinputofPAHsinQiantangRiver.ThecontentsofPAHsincityzonesweremuchhigherthanthoseinruralareas.Itmaybeconcludedthattheurbanizationandindustrializationarecausingsomenegativeeffectonthedrinkingwaterresource.Asadrinkingwaterresource,thereexistedcertainpotentialhealthriskstodrinkingwaterconsumersandorganisminQiantangRiverBasin.©2006ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.

Keywords:PAHs;Surfacewater;Sediment;QiantangRiver

1.IntroductionPolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons(PAHs)areaclassofdiverseorganiccompoundscontainingtwoormorefusedaro-maticringsofcarbonandhydrogenatoms.Thesecompoundsaregenerallygeneratedbynaturalandanthropogenicprocessesandcanbeintroducedintotheenvironmentsthroughvariousroutes.PAHsareofenvironmentalconcernduetotheirtoxic,mutagenicandcarcinogenicpotentials[1].Four-toseven-ringPAHsarehighlymutagenicandcarcinogenic,two-orthree-ringPAHsarelessmutagenicbutcanbehighlytoxic[2].Duetotheirenvironmentalconcern,PAHsareincludedinthepri-oritylistofpollutantsofUSEPAandEuropeanUnion.Forthereasonsabove,PAHs’behavior,transport,fateandenviron-mentalrisktoecologicalsystemshavebeenextensivelystudied[3–9].PAHsaredistributedgloballyfrominlandlakesandurbanriverstotheopenoceanwithawiderangeofconcentrationin

∗Correspondingauthor.Tel.:+8657188273733;fax:+8657188273450.

E-mailaddresses:chyy18@163.com(Y.Chen),zlz@zju.edu.cn(L.Zhu).

waterandsediments.Amajorityofthosepollutedareashaveconcentrationsrangedfrom10to1000ng/Linwater.FewareashaveahighconcentrationofPAHsofmorethan10,000ng/L[10].Someofthemosthighlyindustrializedandurbanizedloca-tionshaveextremelyhighconcentrationofPAHsofmorethan10,000␮g/ginsediment[11–14].QiantangRiverlocatesinYangziRiverDelta(YRD),China.TheYRDregionisunderrapidindustrializationandurbaniza-tionandisthemostdevelopedareainChina.Withonly10%ofChina’spopulation,theYRDregionaccountsforaquarterofChina’sGDP,nearlyhalfofitsforeigndirectinvestment,andmorethanathirdofitsforeigntrade.TheYRDisrapidlybecominganintegralpartofglobalvaluechainofmostmajormultinationalcorporations.QiantangRiverisoneofthemostimportantdrinkingwaterresourcesinYRD.DistributionoforganochlorinepesticidesinsurfacewaterandsedimentsofQiantangRiverwasstudiedbyZhouetal.[16].QiantangRiverhasatotallengthof688kmandacatchmentbasinof55,558km2,

whichhasapopulationofmorethan20million.Thereare42waterworksdistributedalongtheriver.SoitisimportanttostudytheconcentrationandpossiblesourcesofPAHsinQiantangRiver.

0304-3894/$–seefrontmatter©2006ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.106Y.Chenetal./JournalofHazardousMaterials141(2007)148–155149TheobjectivesofthepresentworkweretodeterminetheconcentrationandpossiblesourcesofPAHsintheaquaticenvi-ronmentsofQiantangRiverinordertoaccesstheenvironmentalqualityofaquaticsystemofdrinkingwaterresourceinYangziRiverDeltaofChina,toassesstheeffectonPAHscontaminationcausedbyrapidindustrializationandurbanization,toprovidedataforcomparisonwithotherriversandtoassesspotentialecotoxicologicaleffect.

2.Materialsandmethods2.1.ChemicalsandinstrumentsThe15polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons(PAHs)employedinthisresearchwerenaphthalene(NA),acenaphthene(Ace),fluorene(Fluor),phenanthrene(Phen),anthracene(AN),fluo-ranthene(Flur),pyrene(Pye),benzo[a]anthracene(BaA),chry-sene(Chry),benzo[b]fluoranthene(BbF),benzo[k]fluoranthene(BkF),benzo[a]pyrene(BaP),dibenzo[a,h]anthracene(DA),benzo[g,h,i]perylene(BP)andindeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene(IN)whichwerepurchasedfromACROSORGANICS(NJ,USA).Acenaphthylenewasexcludedfromthisstudyduetoitslowflu-orescentproperties[15].AllsolventsusedwereHPLCgradeorequivalent.ThewaterusedforHPLC-PFDwasultrapurewater.