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第11卷第7期 2015年7月 中国安全生产科学技术
Journal of Safety Science and Technology V01.1l No.7 Ju1.2015
文章编号:1673—193X(2015)一07—0097—07
泄漏油气燃爆灾害下FPSO结构响应分析
李修峰,陈国明,师吉浩 (中国石油大学海洋油气装备与安全技术研究中心,山东青岛266580)
摘 要:为评估FPSO泄漏油气燃爆事故中结构损伤风险,采用等效TNT法结合AUTODYN软件分 析结构在爆炸冲击波下动态响应,分析其塑性、变形及应力分布,评估不同工况下结构损伤程度。 结果表明,TNT起爆后冲击波高速传播,lOms时已覆盖工艺I区,经反射叠加耦合后破坏力增强; 原油热处理器和电脱盐器发生失效和变形,生产甲板边缘位置受约束较小,发生较大变形,部分区 域屈曲破坏;参与反应的油气越多,相同结构等效应力及变形越大,大应力、大变形区域分布越广; d=60mm时部分结构完全失效。 关键词:FPSO;油气燃爆;等效TNT法;AUTODYN;结构动态响应 中图分类号:X932 文献标志码:A doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673—193x.2015.07.016
Analysis on structural response of FPSO subjected to deflagration hazard of leaking oil and gas
U Xiu・feng,CHEN Guo—ming,SHI Ji—hao (Centre for Offshore En ̄neering and Safety Technology,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao Shandong 266580,China)
Abstract:Given the high risk about structural damage of FPSO subjected to deflagration hazard resulted by leaking oil and gas.the structural dynamic response under blast wave was studied by combining equivalent TNT method and AUTODYN.The characteristics of elastic—plastic state,displacement and stress distribution of structure were ana— lyzed in details,and the degree of structural damage under diferent deflagration conditions was evaluated.The re— suhs showed that the blast wave propagates around in high speed after TNT initiation,and it takes only 10 ms for blast wave to cover the whole area of processing module direct.The reflection of equipments and coupling superpo— sition effect enhances the destructive power of blast wave greatly.The crude oil thermal theater and electric clipper desalter are vulnerable to suffering the failure damage and whole displacement.The large displacement and plastic deformation occurs in edge region of process deck,and part of structure sufers buckling failure.The more oil and gas leaks,the greater equivalent stress and displacement of structure in same position are,and the wider regional distribution with large stress and displacement becomes.When the leakage ape ̄ure is 60 mm,some structure fail completely. Key words:FPSO;oil and gas deflagration;equivalent TNT method;AUTODYN;structural dynamic response
收稿日期:2015—03—23 作者简介:李修峰,硕士研究生。 指导老师:陈国明,教授。 基金项目:国家安全生产监督管理总局2012年安全生产重大事故防治关键技术科技项目(2012—507);中央高校基本科 研业务费专项(14CX06130A) 第7期 中国安全生产科学技术 ・103・ 移,最大为34.1mm。d=40mm时,相比d=20mm 时相同位置结构位移变大,发生大位移的区域扩大, 如原油热处理器端部和下方生产甲板结构的位移超 过40.0mm。d=60mm时,冲击波载荷作用位置向 右侧偏移,原油热处理器位移变小,电脱盐器端部位 移变大,最大为127.Omm,甲板大面积区域位移在 45.Omm以匕。
5 结论 1)结合等效TNT法和AUTODYN软件定量评 估可燃气云燃爆FPSO结构风险。分析TNT爆炸后 冲击波传播过程,TNT起爆后爆炸冲击波和爆轰产 物以辐射状高速传播,10ms后已覆盖工艺处理模块 I区,冲击波经设备反射叠加耦合破坏力大大增强。 2)原油热处理器和电脱盐器受冲击波超压和 支撑挤压作用最容易发生失效破坏和变形,易引起 事故规模扩大;生产甲板边缘位置受约束较小,发生 较大位移和塑性变形,部分结构屈曲破坏;电脱水增 压泵等设备迎爆面积小且离爆心远,受损较小。 3)油气泄漏量越大,发生燃爆后设备所受冲击 波载荷越大,相同位置结构等效应力、位移越大,大 应力、大位移区域分布越广;发生塑性屈服的设备越 多,d=60mm油气爆炸时部分结构甚至完全失效。
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