合同结构常用术语
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合同结构常用术语
第 1 页 共 16 页 合同结构常用术语
必备条款 essential clauses / provisions
一般条款 general provisions
特殊条款special provisions
章、条、款、项、目（英文合同25）
首部 non-operative part （当事人部分 parties 陈述部分 recital）
正文 operative part
陈述部分recital (包括：鉴于条款 whereas clause和约因consideration)
尾部 closing part （证明部分 attestation 签字 signature 附件 appendix）
当事人的名称、姓名和住所 name and domicile of the parties
适格主体 competent parties
标的 contract object , subject matter
数量 quantity 质量 quality
价款或者报酬 price or remuneration
对价 consideration
履行时效、地点和方式 time limit, place and method of performance 合同结构常用术语
第 2 页 共 16 页 违约责任 default / liability for breach of contract
除外规定 exception
解决争议的方法 methods to settle disputes
变更 modification 终止 termination 撤销cancellation 解除rescission
主体的变更或权利义务的整体转让 novation
通知 notice
违约责任 default / breach of contract
救济 remedies
责任的免除 exception
不可抗力 force majuere
争议的解决 settlement of disputes
合同的生效 effectiveness / validity
合同份数 counterpart
合同的整体性 entirety 合同的可分割性 severability 合同的完整性 entirety
文字效力 language
法律适用 applicable law / governing law
保密规定 confidentiality
副本 copies / counterparts 合同结构常用术语
第 3 页 共 16 页 性别与单复数 gender and singular / plural
合同尾部 closing clauses / final clause
(包括：证明条款attestation 签字部分testimonium / signature 附件部分 addendum)
合同通常涉及一些内容：
1、 要约和绝对接受 offer and absolute and unqualified acceptance
2、 意思一致 consensus and idem 或者 meeting of minds
3、 建立合同关系的意愿 intention to create legal relations
4、 同意的真实性 genuineness of consent
5、 当事人的履约能力 contractual capacity of the parties
6、 标的物的合法性 legality of object
7、 履行的可能性 possibility of performance
8、 条款的确定性 certainty of terms
9、 等价有偿 valuable consideration
英文合同常用实词(Content Words)
(1) Represent, warrant, undertake, guarantee 合同结构常用术语
第 4 页 共 16 页 在英文合同中这几个词都表示“保证”的含义。Represent 往往和warrant连用，出现在合同的声明保证部分：
例如：Both the Seller and the Purchaser warrant and represent that no broker was
involved in negotiating this purchase and sale, and both the Seller and the Purchaser
agree to indemnify and hold each other harmless against any and all claims for
brokerage.
买卖双方保证并声明没有中介介入交易磋商，且保证赔偿对方因中介引起的索赔并使其免受损害。
例1：Under FOB terms, the Seller shall undertake to load the contracted goods on
board the vessel nominated by the Buyer on any date notified by the Buyer, within
the time of shipment as stipulated in Clause 8 of this Contract.
根据离岸价格术语，卖方应保证根据在本合同第八条规定的时限内，按买方通知的日期，装运货物至买方指定船只。
例2：Party B guarantees that the machines and equipment are unused,
sophisticated and of best quality, and that the machines and equipment are capable
of manufacturing the steel wire rope.
乙方保证机器设备未经使用，性能良好、品质卓越而且该设备能生产出钢丝绳。
(2) Principal place of business (principal office), domicile,
business premise, registered office
在英文合同中，这几个词的意思分别是：“主营业地”、“住所地”、“营业场所”、“注册地”。往往出现在前言的“parties”部分。 合同结构常用术语
第 5 页 共 16 页 例1：This Contract made on April 1, 19- -, at ______, China, between ABC Co. with
its principal office at ______, China (hereinafter called Party A), and XYZ Co. with its
principal office at______, USA (hereinafter called Party B).
本合同于19**年4月1日于中国***签订，合同双方为ABC公司（以下简称甲方），其主营业地位于中国***，和XYZ公司（以下简称乙方），其主营业地为美国***。
例2：If franchisee is declared in default of the agreement, the franchiser has the
right to conclude the terms of the agreement and also has the right, without notice
to execute any dutiful and authorized acts, on the business premise necessary.
如被特许方承认违约，许可方则有权终止该协议且有权未经通知在必要的营业场所采取任何尽责和授权行为。
例3：EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT is made and entered into on ________ day of
_________ (month), ____ (year), by and between: _______ (hereinafter referred to
as the "Company"), a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State
of ____, with its registered office located at ________________, and ______
(hereinafter referred to as the "Employee"), an individual, with nationality of
_________ (Passport No._____) residing at ________________.
本聘用协议订立于*年*月*日，协议双方为***（以下本公司），其按*州法律组织设立，注册地为***，和***，自然人，国籍为*国，护照号码为***，住址为***。例如：
The Arbitration shall be conducted in the country of the domicile of the defendant.本仲裁应在被申请人住所地的国家进行。
3． Chapter, article, section, clause, paragraph, subparagraph 合同结构常用术语
第 6 页 共 16 页 英文合同中的“章”、“条”、“款”、“项” 分别用chapter,
article/section/clause, paragraph, subparagraph表示。
例1：The Borrower further irrevocably consents to service of process upon it out of
said courts in any such action or proceeding by mailing copies thereof by United
Stated registered air mail, postage prepaid, to the Borrower at the address specified
in Section 10. 5 hereof.
借款人进一步不可撤消同意上述法院就该事宜诉讼或程序的送达，接受按照本合同第十条第五款指定的借款人地址寄来的美国航空挂号信，邮资已付邮件中的副本。
4． Have the right to do, be entitled to, may do, reserve the right to do, be (duly)
