高考英语语法新题型专题
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2020届新高考英语新题型练习语法填空短文改错应用文写作读后续写(7)语法填空(安徽省皖江名校联盟2020届高三第一次联考)阅读下列材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
China's research icebreaker Xuelong, 61. 126 crew members aboard on the 35th Antarctic re-search mission,on Thursday local time left the Zhongshan Station on 62. (it) way back to China.Snow Eagle 601,China’s first fixed-wing aircraft for polar flight,on Thursday night also departed from the Antarctic after 63. (complete) all assignments.Xuelong, 64. arrived near Zhongshan on Feb 9,supplied the station with fuel oil,and then picked up summer expedition team members at the Kunlun,Taishan and Zhongshan stations, as well as 65. (member) of the fixed-wing aircraft project.Sixteen members of the Kunlun team 66. (previous) completed all scientific expeditions at Dome Argus(Dome A),the South Pole’s highest icecap. They,together with 21 members of the Taishan team,67. (return) to Zhongshan on Feb 8.The Zhongshan team completed tasks including installation of and tests for LiDAR,drilling of ice bed-rock,atmospheric sounding 68. (observe),surveys of birds and aerial exploration carried out by the fixed-wing aircraft.As the summer expedition team at Zhongshan left,19 members would stay for winter expeditions.Also 69. (know)as the Snow Dragon,the icebreaker carrying a research team set sail from Shanghai on Nov 2 last year, beginning 70. country’s 35th Antarctic expedition. It is expected to arrive in Shanghai in mid-March.短文改错(安徽省皖江名校联盟2020届高三第一次联考)请修改下面的短文。
高考英语语法填空真题高考英语语法填空真题语法填空是高考改革后的新题型,一般在一篇约200 词左右、难度适中的短文中,设10 个空格,如果不怎么清楚,那就看一下高考英语语法填空真题吧,下面由店铺为整理有关的资料,供参考!高考英语语法填空真题篇11.1 自由填空是指考生根据具体的语境需要而填写的使文章通顺、逻辑连贯、符合文体色彩要求的词语。
虽然没有给出特定词汇,但考生所填写的词汇必须符合上述要求。
这种题型主要是要求考生填连词(包括主从复合句和并列复合句的连词)、冠词、介词和代词(包括人称代词、反身代词和不定代词等)等。
对于自由填空,教师可以帮助学生先缩小范围,确定通常是哪些词。
1.1.1 缺主语或宾语,一般是填代词或名词(多考代词):Eg. _____ took him a long time to make the Patrol believehim,but the Patrol officer finally decided to check his story.(答案:it)(2009 年广东模拟)1.1.2 名词前面若没有限定词,很可能是填冠词或some,any,other(s),another 等限定词:Eg. They hear ________ people speak,and enjoy trying to make the some sounds.(答案:other)(2008年珠海模拟)1.1.3 在句子不缺主语、宾语或表语的情况下,名词或代词前面一般是填介词:Eg. The schools,as well as the mountain itself,arenamed ________Martha Berry.(答案:after)(2009 年广东模拟)1.1.4 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词:Eg. John Robertson had this experience one day on ahighway ______ decided to tell his story to the Highway Patrol.(答案:and)(2009 年广东模拟)高考英语语法填空真题篇21.1.5 若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词也没有分号或句号,一般是填连词:Eg. He envied the farmers who hadthe beautiful night stars to give them light ______ his family hadonly expensive lanterns.(答案:while/because/as)(2009 广州普通高中毕业班综合测试一)1.1.6 若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do,does,did等):Eg. The appointment clerksaid that the doctor ______ see her at 3:30.(答案:could)1.1.7 若缺状语,一般是填副词(在自由填空中考的较少,即使考,也是些常见的简短的副词,如then 等):Eg. If the primarygoal of language use is communication,_______ mistakes are secondaryconsiderations.(答案:then)1.1.8 在冠词后,一般是名词或one(s),other(s)等代词。
高考英语语法填空答题技巧语法填空是近年来高考英语推出的一种新题型。
这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法,甚至是句法上的运用能力,能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。
本题型分两种情况:一种为已给单词提示,一种为不给单词提示。
一已给单词提示题型的技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。
单词形式变化主要有两种,一是词的形、数、式的变化,一是词的派生变化。
在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题,看是否需要使用复合的变化形式,这一点是很重要的。
技巧一:名词形式变化。
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例:There are many students living at school,the(child) houses are all far from schoo1.由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数,且作为houses的定语,所以应用其所有格形式,故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children’s。
技巧二:动词形式变化。
动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气),有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。
例:A talk(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的is written是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。
从tomorrow 可以看出,报告是“将来”作的,故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者,故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。
技巧三:代词形式变化。
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类,即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。
另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化,如no one /none、other/another等。
例:The king decided to see the painter by(he).由介词by可以看出,横线处应填反身代词himself。
“情态动词+have done”的用法距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附靠前30天复习方法。
☞重/难点重点:“情态动词+have done”的各种形式及其表达的意义。
难点:在语境中正确使用“情态动词+have done”。
☤重/难点分析重点分析:must have done用在肯定句中表示“一定做了某事”,might have done用在肯定句中表示“可能做了某事”,should have done表示“本来应该做某事(但实际上未做)”,shouldn’t have done表示“本来不应该做某事”,在疑问句或否定句中用can’t/couldn’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”,could have done表示“本可以做某事(但未做)”,needn’t have done表示“本来没必要做某事”。
学习“情态动词+have done”这一语法结构,有助于我们正确表达自己的情感和观点,是学习的重点。
热点11 语法填空【命题趋势】在一篇约200词左右的短文中留出10个空白,部分空白后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。
语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用,强调词汇的变形。
同时强调语篇分析能力,凸显交际性和语境化特征。
作为高考新题型的语法填空试题,近年高考英语该题型具有下面这些特点:文章以记叙文和说明文为主,文章长度控制在190~220词,10道题中,有6~7个试题给出提示词,要求考生;考查的要点分为词法和语法两部分,词法部分包括:1)词类的转换,结合语境考查给出的提示词的名词、形容词或副词变化;2)介词的固定搭配,名词的复数形式及运用;语法部分包括:时态和语态的综合运用,非谓语动词,各种从句等。
从近年课标卷的语法填空试题看,给出提示词的考点主要包括:词类的转换(名词与动词的转换,形容词与副词的转换);形容词比较级与最高级的变化;名词单复数的变化;动词的时态语态、情态动词和虚拟语气、谓语动词与非谓语动词的变化等。
给出提示词考点多为实词,所填写的词汇根据语境和短文或对话内容可以是1~3个单词。
挖空分布均匀,考点的安排注重多样化。
不给提示词的考点主要包括:连词(并列连词和从属连词)、介词(动词与介词的搭配、介词与名词的搭配、代词和冠词等。
【满分技巧】当句子缺少谓语动词时,括号中的动词就是谓语动词。
此时,要根据语境确定用哪种时态,根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态。
具体解题技巧如下:第一步:确定句中是否缺谓语或并列谓语,如缺谓语动词,则填谓语动词。
第二步:若为谓语动词,就要看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系,以确定用主动语态还是被动语态,同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态。
第三步:要注意主谓一致。
当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列,该动词就是非谓语动词。
此时,就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。
广东省2020届高考英语新题型语法填空练习21-30阅读下面短文,根据上下文填入适当的词语,或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空,并将答案填在答题卡上标号为1--10的相应位置。
(21)Once upon a time there was a rich merchant 1 _______ had 4 wives. He loved the 4th wife the most. He took great care of her and gave her nothing 2_________ the best. He also loved the 3rd wife very much. He was very 3 ___________ (pride) of her and always wanted to show off her to his friends. He also loved his 2nd wife. She is 4 ___________very considerate person, always patient and in fact is the merchant’s close friend. 5___________ the merchant faced some problems, he always turned to his 2nd wife and 6____________ would always help him out and tide(帮助渡过) him 7__________ difficult times. Now, the merchant’s 1st wife is a very loyal partner and has made great 8___________ (contribute) in maintaining his wealth and business as well as 9___________ (take) care of the household. 10___________, the merchant did not love the first wife and although she loved him deeply, he hardly took notice of her.(22)There once were a goat and a donkey 1_________ lived on a farm. The donkey worked the hardest so the farmer fed it the most 2__________. Sometimes the donkey was given more food 3_________ it could eat. This made the goat so jealous 4__________ it began plotting against(谋划对付) the donkey. "Hey, donkey," the goat said one day. "I think you do too much work on this farm. You carry such heavy things from morning to night. Why don't you pretend 5_________(get) sick so you can take a day 6___________?'' The donkey thought the goat had a great idea. So the next morning, the donkey lay in the stable(畜栏) on its side with its eyes 7_________ (close). Right away, the farmer called the doctor. 8____________ looking at the donkey, the doctor said it needed a special medicine made 9___________ the heart of a goat. So the farmerkilled 10________ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.(23)Dawn graduated several years ago. She 1 __(be) a successful model, and finding a job had not been a 2___________—until recently .When Dawn did start trying to find another type of 3__________, she foundin interview after interview that computer literacy(能力)was a must to 4 _____(employ).Since Dawn had always been afraid 5_________ learning computer while in college—our school didn't require to learn computer at that time—she managed to get a degree 6_______ ever confronting(面对) a computer.Finally, after months of searching for a job, Dawn failed. She had toadmit that sidestepping (回避) computer literacy(读写能力) hadn't been agood idea. 7_________, She enrolled in a computer course at 8 ____adult vocational school.9____________(surprise), although she had been afraid of learning computer, she took to computers10__________much that after about a year she opened her own computer-based business.(24)Some day,1_________you are lucky, you may see a bongo(大羚羊). But theonly way most people will see it is in a 2__________. They are found in Africa,3_________ they live deep in forests. Even in Africa, very few people everget to see a bongo. The bongo does not come out of the forest very often.It is an animal that keeps to 4_______.The bongo has beautiful coloring. Its hair is bright brown 5_________ (mix) with orange and red. Down its back and across its sides the bongo has yellow-white strips(条纹). Animals that look 6__________ food at night usually have big eyes. This helps them see 7________ (good) at night. The forests in which bongos live are very dark. The eyes of bongos are very big. So, they have no trouble 8_________ (live) in the darkness.Bongos in zoos do not like to go outside on 9_________days. They only go outside on those days 10_________ it is dark or very cloudy.(25)Gandhi, an Indian national hero, was honored 1_________ the father of the Indian nation. He has been respected and beloved by the Indians.He was born in India in 1869. Following the local custom, he got 2_________(marry) at the age of 13. In 1888 he sailed to England, 3_________ he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. On his return to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case.In South Africa he 4__________ (surprise) to find that the problem of racial discrimination (种族歧视)was serious. There he formed an organization and started a magazine to fight 5_________ equal rights.Gandhi returned to India in 1915, 6__________ India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and 7___________ (depend) for his country. In the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison. 8___________, the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give 9___________and India won its independence in 1947. 10___________(fortunate) Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948.(26)Mrs. Wilson, the wife of a rich man, 1_________some of her friends to lunch. She was trying a new way to cook fish and she was very pleased with 2__________when the fish was ready. As the fish was very hot, she put it near the open window to 3_________ for a few minutes. Five minutes later, when she came back for it, she was 4_________to find the neighbor’s cat at the fish. She was in time to stop the cat 5___________ it was too late. That afternoon every one enjoyed the fish. They talked and laughed 6__________four o’clock.After the guests left, Mrs. Wilson felt tired 7_________ happy. She was sitting down in a chair near the window when she saw the neighbor’s cat dead in her garden. She was sure the fish was bad. What 8__________happen to her friends? She at once telephoned the family doctor for help. The doctor liked each guest 9___________ (meet) him. Once again Mrs. Wilson was alone in her chair still tired but not longer happy. Just then the telephone rang. 10_________ was her neighbor, “Oh, Mrs. Wilson,” he cried.” My cat i s dead. She was killed by someone in a car and put in your garden….”(27)Nowadays, almost everyone 1__________(realize) that smoking is 2________ (harm) to people’s health. Sometimes it 3__________ causes fire.In China, about 38% of the people smoke. Every year, they smoke millions of packets of 4__________. It’s bad news for the health of nation.It’s known that smoking can cause different kinds of disease. Every year, many people die 5_________ these illnesses, such as lung and throat cancers. It also costs the government much money to look 6___________ these sick people. Smoking is also harmful to those 7________ don’t smoke, 8___________(especial) to children and women.In a word, smoking is no good. 9__________ you want to smoke, just think of those who suffer from diseases 10_________ the fires that destroy people’s lives and properties!(28)Many people like to 1________ the latest newspaper. But 2_________ is it produced so quickly?The most important man may be 3__________ chief editor. He decides 4__________ to do. Every morning the 5___________ (journal) are sent to report the events. Sometimes they need a face-to-face interview with people 6_________ do telephone interviews. Meanwhile, the picture editor sends photographer to take the 7___________ they need.Later in the day, they pass the stories and the 8___________ (develop) photos to the editor.The chief editor will choose the most important news for the front page. 9___________ editors read the stories, make some necessary changes and write headlines for them. 10___________ the newspaper is printed and delivered to different places.(29)With the 1____________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because 2___________ air pollution.Air pollution is caused by the following 3_________: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give off 4__________(poison) gases. 25% of air pollution is caused by factories. Another factor is the smokers. Smoking not only doesharm to their health 5__________ to others. 6_________ these, about 10%of air pollution is caused by other reasons.We should take some measures to fight 7____________ pollution. New fuel can be used to take 8___________ place of gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the 9___________(important) of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will 10____________ (solve).(30)Recently, a website has carried 1__________ a survey about the common view on graduates 2__________ Beijing University.28% of the interviewed companies think that they 3__________(satisfy) with the graduates from Beijing University. The graduates in their companies have a wide range of 4_________ (know) and they learn things very quickly and easily.5___________, most of the companies don’t think much of graduates from Beijing University. In their eyes, the graduates always stick 6___________ their own opinions and lack the teamwork spirit 7__________ they are working. Besides, they may not be satisfied with their jobs even with big companies, and they usually ask too 8_________. As a result, 34% of the companies insist that 9__________ will not employ graduates from Beijing University.In brief, society and even the students themselves expect too much from graduates from Beijing University. That’s 10__________ a graduate claims that he is rubbish.[参考答案](21) 1 who 2 but 3 proud 4 a 5 When/Whenever 6 she 7 through8 contributions 9 taking 10 However(22) 1 that 2 food 3 than 4 that 5 to get 6 off 7 closed 8 After 9 from 10 his/the(23) 1 had been 2 problem 3 job 4 employment 5 of 6 without7 Therefore/Thus 8 an 9 Surprisingly 10 so(24) 1 if 2 zoo 3 where 4 itself 5 mixed 6 for 7 better 8 living9 bright 10 when(25) 1 as 2 married 3 where 4 was surprised 5 for 6 when 7 independence 8 However 9 in 10 Unfortunately(26) 1 invited 2 herself 3 cool 4 surprised 5 before 6 till/until7 but 8 would 9 to meet 10 It(27) 1 has realized 2 harmful 3 even 4 cigarettes 5 of/from 6 after 7 who 8 especially 9 If 10 and(28) 1 read 2 how 3 the 4 what 5 journalists 6 or 7 pictures/photos 8 developed 9 Other 10 Finally(29) 1 development 2 of 3 reasons 4 poisonous 5 but(also) 6 Besides7 against 8 the 9 importance 10 be solved(30) 1 out 2 from 3 are satisfied 4 knowledge 5 However 6 to 7 when/while 8 much9 they 10 why。
高考英语语法新题型专题一、考点分析1篇文章,共10个分点。
具体考查形式及考点分布见以下表格:注意:在掌握以上考点的同时也不能忽视对一些基本常用句型的考查,如:not…until…;not only…but (also)…;so…that…;not…but…;as…as…;either…or…;more…than…;neither…nor…;such…that…;hardly…when…;no sooner…than…等。
能力要求:1.阅读/理解语篇的能力 2.分析句子结构的能力3.熟练运用语法的能力 4.单词拼写能力解题步骤:1.通读全文,了解大意既然是利用语篇在语境中考语法,那么,我们在解题前就应快速浏览短文,了解全文大意。
2.分析语境,试填空格读懂短文后,要结合短文所提供的特定语境及解题思路去填空。
3.对照考点,解决难题在解题过程中要先易后难。
在做好有把握的题后,对照各考点及题数,仔细推敲,解决难题。
4.通读全文,确保无误例题分析AHave you ever seen an old movie called Three Coins in the Fountain? It is about three young American women (21) _______(search) for permanent romance in Rome and they all find it. Far-fetched Hollywood? Well, from the world history point of view, romance did, in fact, set down its roots in Rome.The word romance evolved in Latin from Roma to Romanicus of the Roman language, to the Old French romanz escrive, (22) _______means “to write in a Romance language,” and on to the English romance.The Romance languages (23) ____________(compose) of seven groups of languages that all have Latin (24) ______their basis. These languages include French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. The common people in ancient Rome spoke (25)________ is referred to as Vulgar Latin, an informal speech, as opposed to the classical Latin of the more educated. Most language experts agree that Vulgar Latin is the chief source of the Romance languages.Medieval Romances were tales (26) __________(write)primary in French verse about brave heroes. The notion of having a romance with another person is thought (27) __________(develop) sometime during the Middle Ages. In the late 18th century and on through the 19th, a romance was not a love story (28) _________ a work of prose fiction that contained far-fetched, mysterious events. Romances of this period (29) _________(include) English Gothic novels like The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole.What exactly is a twentieth-century romance ? Does it have any relationship with the lively, popular novels written today, with their fantastic plots of love affairs? Or did the playwright Oscar Wilde have it right in The Picture of Dorian Gray: “ When one is in love, one always begins by deceiving (30) _________, and one always ends by deceiving others. That is what the world calls a romance.”Keys:21. searching 22. which 23. are composed 24. as 25 .what26. written 27. to have developed 28. but 29. included 30. oneself /himself二、专题精讲知识点(一)非谓语动词的解题步骤:(谓非谓,找主语,析语态,定时态)1. 辨别谓语和非谓语分析句子结构,区别谓语动词与非谓语动词例题1:We all hope to enjoy harmonious relationships with our parents. In real life, however, this is not always possible. The poem “Those Winter Sundays” by Robert Hayden expresses the speaker’s regret over the way the speaker, when he was young, ________ (treat) his father.解析:此题的正确答案为treated。
但较让学生迷惑的是此处到底考查的是谓语动词,还是非谓语动词呢?需分析句子成分。
主语:The poem “Those Winter Sundays” by Robert Hayden;谓语动词expresses;宾语the speaker’s regret;the way作over后的介词宾语,但the way后跟了一个定语从句,省略了关系词that,从句中的主语为the speaker,显然此处需填谓语动词形式,又由when he was young,知需过去形式。
例题2:Beware first-class travelers! Passengers sitting in the rear of a plane have the best chance of survival in an event of a crash, an extraordinary and costly aviation(航空,飞行)experiment ever ______ (conduct) has revealed.解析:此题的正确答案为conducted。
分析句子成分知主语为an extraordinary and costly aviation experiment;谓语动词为has revealed,又无并列连词,不是并列谓语,所以需填非谓语形式,分析知其逻辑主语为experiment,与之为被动关系,所以需过去分词形式做定语。
2. 寻找逻辑主语找到非谓语动词的修饰对象或逻辑主语3. 分析语态非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系根据现在分词表“主动,进行”;过去分词表“被动,完成”;动词不定式一般表目的或意料之外的结果,作定语时往往表“将来的动作”进行进一步的分析。
例题1:The man sticks out his hand, _____ (say), “Hi, I’m Paul.”解析:此题的正确答案为saying。
分析句子成分知主语为The man;谓语动词为sticks out,又动作与逻辑主语之间为主动关系,所以需doing的形式做伴随状语。
例题2:Today, roller skating is easy and fun.But a long time ago, it wasn’t easy at all. Before 1750, the idea of skating didn’t exist. That changed because of a man________(name)Joseph Merlin.解析:此题的正确答案为named。
分析知动作的逻辑主语为a man,被叫做Joseph Merlin,所以需动词的过去分词做定语,表被动。
例题3:The thing I had fallen over felt like a bundle of clothes, and I picked it up ______ (protect)my face from the smoke and heat.解析:此题的正确答案为to protect。
理解句子含义知“我捡起那包衣服,目的是为了用来防止我的脸受烟和热的侵害”,表目的,所以需要to do形式做目的状语。
4. 分析时态即分析非谓语动词的动作和主句谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序。
在表主动的时候,非谓语动词的动作先于主句动作发生,用having done,同时发生用doing;在表被动的时候,非谓语动词的动作先于主句动作发生,用having been done,同时发生用being done。
例题1:They both worked very hard for years. ________ (earn) enough money, they finally could move from their two-bedroom home to a seven-bedroom home in a rich neighborhood.解析:此题的正确答案为Having earned。