商务英语阅读

Terminal Examination for Business English Reading of2015~2016(Ⅱ)The importance of Brand building in today’s global market 1.AbstractWith the guidance of Mr. Qian we have successfully finished the study of Business reading course. This course is set to improve students’ comprehensive ability, it has not only improved my English reading ability but also richen my business knowledge. In this term, Mr. Qian has led us learned four units of the text book. Among them, unit 8 ‘Brand and branding’ makes me interested most which is about the global market power of American brands and strategies behind their dominance. It is obvious that brand is important in today’s global market; therefore in this essay I will mainly talk about why brand building is important in today’s global market.2.SummaryWith the tides of globalization, numerous products flood into global market. Customers have multiple choices when they purchase goods as well as services. The market becomes more and more competitive and capricious. In such background brands are more important now than at any time in the past 100 years. In this essay, first I will demonstrate the features of today’s global market and then I will introduce the definition of a brand, at last, I will talk about the importance of building a brand in terms of customers, new markets, product cycle and the company value.3. Today’s global marketIn many ways, today’s business environment has changed qualitatively since the late 1980s. The end of the Cold War radically altered the very nature of the world’s politics and economics. In just a few short years, globalization has started a variety of trends with profound consequences: the opening of markets, true global competition, widespread deregulation of industry, and an abundance of accessible capital.At the same time, we have fully entered the Information Age; Starting breakthroughs in information technology have irreversibly altered the ability to conduct business unconstrained by the traditional limitations of time or space. Today, it’s almost impossible to imagine a world without intranets, e-mail, and portable computers. We are rapidly shifting from an economy based on manufacturing and commodities to one that places the greatest value on information, services, support, and distribution. That shift, in turn, places an unprecedented premium on “knowledge workers,” a new class of wealthy, educated, and mobile people who view themselves as free agents in a seller’s market.Another major trend has been the fragmentation of consumer and business markets. There’s a growing appreciation that superficially similar groups of customers may have very different preferences in terms of what they want to buy and how they want to buy it.4.The definition of a brandAccording to Wikipedia, a brand is a set of marketing and communication methods that help to distinguish a company from competitors and create a lasting impression in the minds of customers. The key components that form a brand’s toolbox include a brand’s identity, brand communication (such as by logos and trademarks), brand awareness, brand loyalty, and various branding (brand management) strategies. Brand equity is the measurable totality of a brand’s worth and is validated by assessing the effectiveness of these branding components. In a fleeting market where traditional linear models of business are being replaced by more radical interconnected models, brand equity is one marketing technique that remains firmly rooted in prosperity. To reach such an invaluable brand prestige requires a commitment to a particular way of doing business. A corporation who exhibits a strong brand culture is dedicated on producing intangible outputs such as customer satisfaction, reduced price sensitivity and customer loyalty. A brand is in essence a promise to its customers that they can expect long-term security, a competitive frame of reference and consistent delivery of functional as well asemotional benefits. When a customer is familiar with a brand or favors it incomparably to its competitors, this is when a corporation has reached a high level of brand equity.To sum up a brand is a set of marketing and communication methods that help to distinguish a company from competitors and create a lasting impression in the minds of customers. The key components that form a brand’s toolbox include a brand’s identity, brand communication (such as by logos and trademarks), brand awareness, brand loyalty, and various branding (brand management) strategies. A brand (or marque for car model) is a name, term, design, symbol or other feature that distinguishes one seller's product from those of others. Brands are used in business, marketing, and advertising.5. The importance of building a brand in todays’ global market5.1 winning customers’ loyaltyConsumers tend to favor and develop a high degree of loyalty to brands they know they can trust. This requires establishing and communicating a brand promise and building a customer experience that upholds the promise consistently at every stage of the purchase cycle.Trust comes with confidence in the underlies that define the brand: quality, responsiveness, experience, credibility and innovation. It’s not just personal experience that shapes the consumer’s trust and expectations that a brand will deliver. Strong brands create evangelists who are not shy about sharing their stories. Those types of peer endorsements are extremely powerful ways of virally building a brand’s trust factor.When people are familiar with brands, they are more inclined to favor them – provided there are positive associations inherent to that familiarity. The visual representations are important. The look and feel that distinguish the brand, from colors to logo to the name of the brand itself, need to be consistent and easily recognized. This creates a comfort and confidence in the product orservice that the brand represents. It can also help differentiate the brand from the increasing number of competitors in a crowded marketplace.5.2 winning new marketThe world has come online and there are many new markets and a growing middle class in places like India, China, Brazil, Russia, South Africa, Nigeria, Indonesia and in many more places. These consumers buy brands. They buy premium brands. The best branding today is based on a strong idea. The best brands have remarkable creativity in advertising to help them break through people’s wall of indifference to create brand heat and product lust. Case in point the recent turn around of Chrysler and it’s reliance on marketing and advertising. Or look at the reinvention of Levis. And a final example is this campaign by my own agency which has helped reenergize one of America’s great iconic brands Jim Beam.5.3 Outliving product cyclesBrands are psychology and science brought together as a promise mark as opposed to a trademark. Products have life cycles. Brands outlive products. Brands convey a uniform quality, credibility and experience.Nowadays if you want to create new brands at New York City advertising agency StrawberryFrog, you have fewer brand names to choose from. The Pharmaceutical Industry has patented everything under the sun for new medications. This makes existing brands, with their strong, well-known names and credibility more valuable. It also means creating a new vibrant brand is a challenge which requires a sophisticated strategy. It is not just about a product and a name, it’s about a lot more.The sophisticated strategy is a cultural movement strategy. I believe that building brands now requires a cultural movement strategy as opposed to simply a brand building strategy. A cultural movement strategy can accelerate your brand’s rise to dominance. Once you have cultural movement, you can do anything in a fragmenting media environment, maximizing the power ofsocial media and technology. The world has changed. We are now living in the age of uprisings and movements. Now building brands has become a lot less expensive and smart brands can take advantage of new tools and rocket up there globally, very fast.In the face of the current economic challenges, it’s worth noting that brands do better in tough times compared to unbranded products. Brands outlive product cycles. And in these challenging times, there are still great brands being built. Brand owners still recognise opportunity and their brands will thrive in the years ahead. Brands such as H&M of Sweden, or Tesla a great new car brand, as well as new names such as Tom’s Shoes, Honest Tea, and a rising brand from Florida called European Wax Center which Inc. Magazine named a company to watch.5.4 Adding the value of a companyBrands are valuable. Many companies put the value of their brand on their balance sheet.When Tata Motors of India bought Jaguar and Range Rover from Ford, what did they buy? Factories? Raw Materials? Employees? No Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley helped Ford sell the brands to Tata for $2.56 billion, and the brands were worth more than all other ingredients combined.Likewise, when Kraft bought Cadbury for $19.5 Billion what did they buy? The chocolate? The factories? The recipes? The candy makers? No they bought the brands.And when Four Seasons Hotels, Inc., a Canadian-based international luxury, five-star hotel management company, sold itself to Bill Gates and and Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal of Saudi Arabia for $3.8 billion what did they buy? Locations ? Restaurants? Staff ? Beach front property? No they bought the brand.The list goes on with many examples such as InBev acquiring Budweiser to add to their house of brands that includes Stella, Becks and Labatt. Or GeeleyMotors of China acquiring cult Swedish Auto brand Volvo. Or Mahindra of India buying Ssangyong, Korea’s third largest car company.Branding is fundamental. Branding is basic. Branding is essential. Building brands builds incredible value for companies and corporations.If you are still not convinced, let me give you another example. The dollar is a world brand. In essence it is simply a piece of paper. But branding has made it valuable. All the tools of marketing and brand building have been used to create its value. On the front you will find the owner of the brand: the Federal Reserve. There is a testimonial from the first President of the United States, George Washington. There is a simple user’s guide: “This note is legal tender for debts public and private.” And if you’re still not convinced, the owner has added the all important emotional message: “In God We Trust”. The dollar is a world brand. It confers a uniform value globally. But as I said it’s really just a piece of paper. Branding has made it worth something.6.ConclusionNo branding, no differentiation. No differentiation, no long-term profitability. People don’t have relationships with products, they are loyal to brands. In a movement strategy, brands have a purpose that people can get behind. Brands can inspire millions of people to join a community. Brands can rally people for or against something. Products are one dimensional in a social media enabled world; brands are Russian dolls, with many layers, tenents and beliefs that can create great followings of people who find them relevant. Brands can activate a passionate group of people to do something like changing the world. Products can’t really do that.In today’s world, branding is more important than ever. What a company need to do is to analyze the global market, clear your brand positioning and try to build a successful brand.Due to limit of time and the length of the article I cannot study and expound how to build a successfully, hopefully, I will finish the work in the following days.Name徐溧School No.030413136Subject Difficulty 10%Work Load 10%Structure 20%Contents 30%Language 20%Layout 10%Total。

Phrase Translation
Give the English equivalents to the following Chinese terms.
• 经济双赢 _____________ • 收入不平等 ___________ • 解雇工人 _____________ • 双边协议 _____________ • 市场准入 _____________
Phrase Translation
Give the English equivalents to the following Chinese terms.
• 关税壁垒 _____________ • 劳动生产率 _____________ • 生产要素 _____________ • 回归分析 _____________ • 世界经济复苏 _____________
Phrase Translation
Give the Chinese equivalents to the following English terms.
• full employment _____________ • in-depth analysis _____________ • free-trade agreement ___________ • product differentiation________ • determinative factor ____________
Sentence Translation
这一监控体系最终将取代美国政府对古巴雪 茄进口的上限。
墨西哥和美国之间的争执不会有任何作用， 并可能导致北美自由贸易协定中关税解除的 中断。
在召开部长级会议之前，将举行一次经济合 作商业论坛，重点探讨如何减小全球经济失 衡的纠正对中国的冲击。

e.g. If a life has a trajectory, then it can be conceived narratively.
financials
the money situation of an organization or individual
e.g. Good organization of financials, inventory, schedules, and production can help you avoid many pitfalls.
linear
going from one thing to another in a single series of stages
e.g. Students do not always progress in a linear fashion.
unlock
to make it possible for sth. to be used well, when previously it may not have been used enough
The basic characteristics of sustainable development can be observed in the following points:
1) There should be an uninterrupted rise in real per capita income and economic welfare on a long-term basis. 2) Sustainable development simply means that resources should be naturally used in such a way that they are not over-exploited. 3) Sustainable development aims at making use of natural resources and the environment for improving the standard of people in such a way that the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is not minimized. 4) Sustainable development aims at promoting environment-friendly and biodegradable products, while also making sustainable planning for replacement or replenishment of resource usage. 5) Sustainable development emphasis on eco-friendly building and developmental practices like green architecture.

Unit 4The Incredible Shrinking EuropeExercises1. Answers to the questions on the text:1) What was the dream that the Europhiles were familiar with?Their dream was to make E.U. a newly emboldened world power stepping up to calm trouble spots, using aid and persuasion where it could, but prepared to send in troops when it had to.2) Why does the passage say that Europe is a remarkably good place to live? Because Europe is more stable, safe, green and culturally diverse than most parts of the world and a quality life can be guaranteed in E.U. states.3) Does the good life at home make Europe strong abroad ? Why?No, a good life at home doesn’t mean a strong Europe abroad. Because the E.U. may have all the soft-power credentials in the world, but on the grand stage it has lacked the weight and influence of others on some big issues.4) What do Critics think of the selection of Herman Van Rompuy and Catherine Ashton as Europe's President and Foreign Minister?They consider the selection as symbolic of a lack of vision and it means the grouping will have to reconcile itself to five years of underperformance.5) What can be listed as E.U.’s achievements in the years around 1980s according to the passage?By extending an area of peace and liberal government to the east, the E.U. has done much to calm a part of the world that not long ago was the cockpit for murderous rivalries.6) In what way can Europe realize its own dreams and those of others according to the passage?It has to act as a true single bloc and win others to its side.7) Why does the German government face enormous domestic challenges in admitting its forces in Afghanistan are there to fight, not to be humanitarian workers in uniform ?Because one of modern Europe's most cherished convictions is that the force of arms rarely settles political disputes for long and European public opinion in the 20th century seems unwilling to commit to the war in Afghanistan for the long haul.8) What roles did Germany play in Europe in the 20th century?For the last half of the 20th century, Germany was at the heart of the European experiment. But since the end of the Cold War, it has stepped back from the E.U. and begun strengthening ties with Russia.9 What are the advantages for E.U. to be chosen as the White House’s partner?The advantages are that Europe is rich and democratic, and its values are closer to those of the U.S. than those of anywhere else.2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.1) China will adhere to the principle of developing high technology and realizingindustrialization to step up the commercialization, industrialization and internationalization of scientific and technological achievements.2) In the recent crisis no banks could manage to bail out the companies in financial pressure.3) In terms of the information from the Universe he is apathetic and sometimes irritable, he is like an ostrich sticking his head in sand.4) It will be up to the board to decide if the CEO should be removed.5) All our hopes rest upon the arrival of the shipment.6) The plan has already been worked out, and could be put into operation at a moment's notice.7) The whole machinery of civilization will break down if this doctrine wins in the war.8) His remarks hit home when he said that we did not work enough.9) Some analysts suspected that Toyota had pulled strings to stifle probes into its auto quality problems.10) Mercy is reaching out to those who have nothing to give back to you.3. Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:A ____________________ B_____________________________________1)free market A) Effects on the behavior of individuals causedby observation of the actions of others and theirconsequences. 32) coalition government B) An economic turmoil where companies gobankrupt, people are laid off, and markets aresluggish. There is a lot of panic in bothbusiness and daily lives.93) demonstration effects C) A market in which there is no economicinterventionby the state, except to enforceprivate contracts and the ownership of property.14) health insurance D) A qualified retirement plan set up by acorporation, labor union, government, or otherorganization for its employees. 6E) A form of collectivism by means of whichpeople collectively pool their risk, in this casethe risk of incurring medical expenses. 45) national interest F) The ability to obtain what one wants througheconomic or cultural means. It allows nations toexert their influence without using militarymeans or coercion. 86) pension scheme G) A fight or contention for territory, power,control, or resources between tow more partiesin a place or area.. 77) turf war H) Things of great importance to a nation,including its goals, visions and ambitions inpolitical, economic, cultural fields, etc. andactions, circumstances, and decisions to achievethem. 58) soft power I) A cabinet of a parliamentary government inwhich several parties cooperate. 29) economic crunch4. Translate the following into Chinese.有什么能让欧洲振奋起来吗？当然：如果欧洲领导人能像20年前那样抓住时机，欧盟就将繁荣昌盛。