牛津译林版高中英语必修四M4U3Grammar.docx

高中英语学习材料 ***鼎尚图文理制作*** M4U3Grammar 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态的构成形式为“be + V-ed”, 通过改变be的时态，可以构成不同时态的被动语态，以下是不同时态下被动语态的构成形式： 1. 一般现在时：am / is / are + V-ed 2. 一般过去时：was / were + V-ed 3. 一般将来时：will (shall) + be + V-ed 4. 过去将来时：would (should) +be + V-ed 5. 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + V-ed 6. 过去进行时：was / were + being + V-ed 7. 现在完成时：has / have been + V-ed 8. 过去完成时：had been + V-ed 9. 将来完成时：will have been + V-ed 三特殊结构或句型中的被动语态 1. 双宾语动词的被动结构 在give, lend, offer, send, tell, show等动词后可接双宾语，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。当把含有这些动词作谓语的句子变为被动语态时，在多数情况下都把间接宾语变为句子的主语；有时也把直接宾语变为主语，把间接宾语改为to引导的短语。如： I sent my mum a letter yesterday. (主动语态) My mum was sent a letter yesterday. (被动语态，间接宾语作主语) A letter was sent to my mum yesterday. (被动语态，直接宾语作主语) 2. 在主动语态中，某些感官动词如hear, watch, see, feel, notice等及使役动词make, let, have等后作宾补的不定式一般不加to，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to。如： We saw Lucy carry a big heavy box the other day. → Lucy was seen to carry a big heavy box the other day. 3. “主语+情态动词+ be + V-ed”句型，如：The homework must be finished on time. 4. “get / have sth. done” 结构，如： You’d better have your shirt ironed before attending the wedding ceremony. 四、主动形式表被动意义 1. 一些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，当它们和well，badly，easily 等副词连用时，表示主语内在的品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动形式表示被动意义。此类动词有：read, write, sell, wear, prove, pay等。如： This novel reads well. 2. 某些感官动词常用主动形式表示被动意义，此类动词有：taste, feel, sound, smell, look等。如：This car looks handsome. 3. “主语+ be +形容词+动词不定式”句型，主语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语，常用主动形式表示被动意义。此类形容词有easy，hard，difficult，nice，comfortable等。 It’s difficult to explain. 4. 在need, require, want, deserve等动词后常接V-ing形式表示被动意义，相当于“need / require / want / deserve to be done”。须注意若用作V-ing的动词是不及物动词，后面应加与之相匹配的副词。如： The window needs cleaning. He will need looking after. 【注意】不可用被动语态的动词和短语动词 不及物动词和某些短语动词无被动语态，类似的不及物动词或短语动词有：die, appear, disappear, fail, happen, belong to, lose heart, take place, come true等。 1.—How are the team playing? —They are playing well, but one of them ____ hurt. A. got B. gets C. are D. were 2.More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year. A sent B had been sent C had sent D were sent 3. —Hey, where you are going! —Oh, I’m terribly sorry, ____. A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice 4. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider 5. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____ by 2006. A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed 6.The hero’s story ____ differently in the newspapers. A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported 7. When Jack arrived he learned Mary ____ for almost an hour. A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away 8.—You’ve made great progress in your studies of English, haven’t you? —Yes, but much _____. A. remains to do B. is remained to do C. remains to be done D. is remained to be done 9.It ____ six years since they last saw each other. A. was B. had been C. is D. would have been 10.John as well as the other children who _____ no parents ____ good care of in the village. A. have; is being taken B. have; has taken C. has; is taken D. has; have been taken 11.It ____ for three hours and the ground is too damp to play on, so the sports meeting ____. A. was raining; has been put off B. has been raining; has been put off C. has rained, is put off D. has been raining; has put off 12.—The enemy spy was found at last —Really? Where _____ himself? A. had he hidden B. did he hide C. has he hidden D. was he hidden 13.Those books which ____ often ____ well. A. are well received; are sold B. are well received; sell C. well receive; sell D. were received; sell 14.—It is said that another new car factory _____. —Yeah. It _____ for nearly two months already. A. is building; has been built B. is built; has built C. is being built; has been built D. is being built; has been being built 15. —I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow. — I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I ______ my guests in my office. A. is being met B. will meet C. will be meeting D. will have met 16. I know Mr. Brown; we ______ to each other at an international conference. A. are introduce B. are been introduced C. were introduced D. had been introduced 17. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ______ the cloth ______ well.