刘洪波33篇范文雅思词汇真经 刘洪波说文解字系列

刘洪波雅思阅读场景词积累只有积累足够多的词汇，才能帮助我们理解雅思阅读的意思，下面小编给大家总结了刘洪波雅思阅读场景词，希望大家喜欢。

刘洪波雅思阅读场景词：社会经济类sociology n. 社会学, 社会关系学, 群落生态学society n. 社会, 社团，阶层圈子regime n. 政权，政体;社会制度;hierarchy n. 等级制度，层级[计],统治集团political adj. 的, 政党的, 派系斗争的, 有政治头脑的democratic adj. 民主的, 大众的, 平等的republic n. 共和国,共和政体congress n. 国会;代表大会;会议;社交parliament n. 议会, 国会senator n. 参议员communal adj. 公有的community n. 社区, 团体municipal adj. 市的,市政的n. 政府证券infrastructure n. 下部构造, 下部组织, 基础结构, 基础设施urban adj. 城市的urbanization n. 都市化, 城市化suburb n. 郊区metropolitan n. 大都市的居民,大主教,母国的居民adj. 大都市的,大主教区的,母国的economic adj. 的, 经济的，有利可图的n. [-s]经济学(状况等)commercial adj. 商业的n. 商业广告commodity n. 商品, 日用品trade n. 贸易,商业,交易,行业,同行,艺,主顾,(复数)信风vi. 做生意,,交换vt. 用某物交换,做买卖adj. 商业的,专业性的,同行的import n. 进口vi. 进口,输入vt. 输入,进口export vt. 输出，出口n. 出口,输出品vi. 传播,输出adj. 出口的quota n. 配额,限额,最低票数regulation n. 规则, 规章, 管理adj. 规定的, 官方的regulate v. 有系统的管理,规定,调节capital n. 首都,资本,大写字母adj. 大写的,资本的，首要的asset n. 资产,有用的东西,优点,长处budget n. 预算vt. 编预算,为…做预算vi. 节省开支adj. 不贵的，廉价的tax n. 税,租税,重负v. 课以税,使...负重荷,斥责income n. 收入,所得revenue n. 总收入; 财政收入, n. 局salary n. 薪水vt. 给...薪水wage n. 薪水,报偿,代价vt. vi. 开始,进行(战争、运动)insurance n.premium n. 额外费用, 奖金; 奖品保险费n. (商)溢价adj. 高价的; 优质的bonus n. 红利, 奖金incentive adj. 刺激的, 鼓励的n. 刺激, 鼓励, 动机promotion n. 促进,提升,推广vacation n. 假期, 休假，腾出vi. 度假vocation n. 职业,行业,职务career n. 生涯, 职业, 事业vi. 猛冲, 飞跑vt. 在...中急行bond n. 债券;结合;约定;粘合剂vi. 结合，团结在一起vt. 使结合;以…作保share n. 部份,股份,分担,犁头vt. 分享,共有,分配vi. 分享stock n.股份，股票; 库存; 树干; 家畜adj.常备的，存货的; 陈旧的vt.提供货物; 备有vi.出新芽; 囤积exchange n. 交换,交换物,汇兑,交易所vt. vi. 交换,交易,兑换profit n. 利润, 盈利比率，利益vi. 利用，获利vt. 有益于subsidy n. 补助金, 津贴retire n. 退休,退职vi. vt. 退休,撤退resign vi. 辞职,顺从vt. 辞职,放弃,使顺从dismiss vt.解雇，把…免职; 遣散，解散(队伍等); 驳回，拒绝受理; 搁置vi.解散discharge vt. vi. 放出,解雇,放电,解除, 清偿债务n. 释放，卸货，放电，一股，一阵，开火，发射，准许离开pension n. 退休金,年金,抚恤金v. 发给退休金welfare n. 福利,社会保障,幸福adj. 福利的well-being n. 幸福;康乐sanction n. 核准,处罚,约束力v. 制定制裁规则,认许,核准meltdown n. (核反应堆核心的)熔毁，灾难，崩溃inflation n. 膨胀,通货膨胀deflation n. 通货紧缩n. 放气deficit n. 赤字,不足，缺乏debt n. 债务, 义务, 负债状态, 罪, 过失penalty n. 处罚,惩罚depression n. 沮丧,萧条recession n. 后退,凹入的地方,不景气crisis n. 危急关头,危机mortgage vt. 抵押n. 抵押;房屋抵押贷款installment n. 分期付款(安装, 一期)property n. 财产; 性质; 道具boost n. 推进,支援,增加vt. 推进,提高reform n. 改革,改正,感化vt. 改革,改正,使悔改vi. 改良,悔改transform vt. 转换,变形vi. 改变n. 变形outlet n. 出口, 出路, 通风口, 批发商店merchant n. 商人,店主,专家adj. 商业的acquisition n.获得; 购置物; 获得物; 收购purchase n. 购买, 购买的n. 支点; 紧握, 抓紧vt. 购买, 赢得; (用设备)举起, 移动retail n. 零售vt. 零售adj. 零售的adv. 以零售形式wholesale n. 批发adj. 批发的, 大规模的, 草率的adv. 大规模, 照批发, 草率地auction n. 拍卖vt. 拍卖bid n. 出价,邀请竞标vt. ,吩咐,投标,出价vi. 出价consumption n. 消费negotiation n. 谈判, 协商cooperation n. 合作, 协作employment n. 工作,职业,雇用,使用labor n. 工作, 劳动, 劳力, 劳方vt. 苦干, 劳动, , 阵痛, 致力于vi. 过分详尽阐述adj. 劳工的, 劳动的moral adj. 道德(上)的,有道德的n. 品行,寓意,道德cost-efficient adj. 有成本效益的，值得花钱的，合算的，划算的benefit n. 利益, 津贴; 义卖, 义演vt. 有益于vi. 得益equilibrium n. 平衡,均衡demand n. 要求; 需求v. 要求, 查问; 需要supply n. 补给,供给,供应，贮备vt. 补给,供给,提供,提供足够以满足monopoly n. 垄断,专利, 独占，控制poverty n. 贫穷,贫困discrimination n. 歧视, 辨别力, 识别state n. 州, 国, 情形adj. 国家的, 州的, 正式的vt. 说, 陈述, 声明, 规定domestic adj. 国内的, 家庭的, 驯养的n. 家仆, 佣人foreign adj. 外国的,外交的,不相关的barrier n. 界线,屏障,障碍物v. 以屏障隔开security n.安全; 保证，担保; 保护，防护; 有价证券adj.安全的，保安的，保密的stability n. 稳定性,居于修道院stable adj. 稳定的;牢固的;坚定的n. 马厩;牛棚vi. 被关在马厩vt. 赶入马房sustainable adj. 可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的elastic adj. 有弹性的,灵活的,可变的n. 橡皮圈,有松紧的东西flexible adj. 灵活的,易弯曲的,柔韧的,可变通的affordable adj. 支付得起的, 不太昂贵的刘洪波雅思阅读场景词积累。

刘洪波第一二三类考点词汇总（538个）重要性考点词常考中?文词义雅思阅读真题命题?方式共20 + 34= 54个定义：当雅思阅读?文章中只要出现该词，90%会被命题考查！不不同的真题中被反复考查多次，超?高频考点词背记：考?生请严格按下表中重要性排?行行顺序记忆20个考点词。

是的，我的学?生雅思阅读，第—个背的单词不不是 abandon, abdomen , abnormal, ?而是 resemble, 它在《剑桥雅思 9》《剑桥雅思10 》中?又被多次考到。

请同时记忆下表真题命题?方式中相对应的34个同义替换考点词加粗单词。

不不熟的单词请?一定查出标注，同时建议思考相关反义词表达。

要求：滚?瓜烂熟。

1resemble v.像，与……相似like, look like, be similar to2recognize v.认出，识别；承认perceive, acknowledge, realize, appreciate, admit, identify, comprehend, understand, know 3adjust v.调整，使适合change, modify, shift, alter4approach n.?方法method, way5fundamental adj.基本的，基础的rudimentary, preliminary, basic 6rely on依靠，依赖depend on7domestic adj.家庭的；国内的home, local, national8measure v.测量量calculate, asses, evaluate9trait n.特性，特征characteristic, feature, property 10coin v.创造?rst used, invent11arti?cial adj.仿造的synthetic, man-made12prompt v.促进，激起initiate, immediately13exchange v.交换share, apply A to B14underlie v.成为……基础based on, ground, root15ignore v.忽视，不不顾neglect, overlook, underestimate16fertilizer n.化肥，肥料料chemical, toxic, unnatural17that*pron.那；那个this, it, they, those, these, such *指代是雅思阅读的重要考点18and*conj.和，?而且or, as well as, both...and, not only...but also..., other than, in addition, besides, on the one hand...on the other hand..., neither... nor... *并列列结构是雅思阅读的重要考点19rather than*?而?非，不不是but, yet, however, whereas, nonetheless, nevertheless, notwithstanding, although, though, instead *转折结构是雅思阅读的重要考点20thanks to*由于，幸亏stem from, derive, owing to, due to, according to, because of, on account of, as a result of, leading to, because, since, for, in that, as, therefore, hence *因果关系是雅思阅读的重要考点重要性排行行考点词常考中?文词义雅思阅读真题命题?方式共100 + 72 = 172个定义：当雅思阅读?文章中只要出现该词，60%会被命题考查，不不同的真题中被考查过1次以上，重要考点词。

剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经（剑 10 版） 致谢剑桥雅思阅读考点词首先感谢贵学教育阅读教师郭佳荣老师。

应我邀请他为《剑桥雅思 10》做出了 全部“真题考点词替换清单”和核心词挑选，收录在本书中。

郭佳荣老师的经历本身 有点传奇。

他是一名羽毛球教练，原来雅思阅读考试 5.0 分，使用阅读真经体系后阅 读迅速考到了 8.5。

然后他选择来贵学上课提高其它三项。

他在课余时间热心主动帮 助同学讲解阅读，以身说法传授真经。

后来累积经验一步步从贵学助教、辅导老师、 教师，最后成为贵学一线名师。

前言——写于 2015 年2012 年，贵学教育成立。

作为她诞生之礼，我以她之名出版了《剑桥雅思听力 考点词真经》和《剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经》，并同步公开了“雅思听力阅读考点词 理论”的部分研究论文。

当时，新浪教育、网易教育、搜狐教育和网易教育同步转载 了相关论文，引发了热议。

本书包含的《剑桥雅思 5》、《剑桥雅思 6》的“真题考点词替换清单”是由李 热议的意思就是有褒有贬。

批评者认为我蔑视了几十年传统英语考试培训累积的 各种技巧，一味强调同意替换；赞扬者则认为我开创了一个崭新的领域，教学理念领 先整个行业很多年。

悦老师应我邀请完成。

本书包含的《剑桥雅思 4》、《剑桥雅思 7》、《剑桥雅思 8》、《剑桥雅思 9》 的“真题考点词替换清单”是由我亲自解析完成。

当然，我的学生们都自称“贵粉儿”、“脑残粉”、“真经死忠粉”，他们第一 时间投入无比的热情开始研究听力阅读中的同意替换，开始背诵我提出的“考点词库”。

我对他们的“盲目崇拜”感动得更加努力工作。

在本书的编写过程中，赵小锐、刘畅、谭乐、刘娟、付晓楠、田杨、冯涛、成岩、 程玲、 李慧芳、刘素良、焦磊、柏立明、焦鸿增、曹爱丽、张靖娴、袁伟、李海静、 刘伟、杨志、贾玉梅、 李悦也参与了资料收集及部分编写工作，在此一并感谢。

无论外界纷扰，我心宁静依旧。

因为历史为证，《剑桥雅思听力考点词真经》和《剑 桥雅思阅读考点词真经》是中国英语培训史上讲解同意替换的第一批出版专著。

刘洪波雅思阅读词汇总结雅思阅读备考中我们需要积累大量的词汇，来帮助我们更好的理解文章内容。

今天小编为大家准备的是刘洪波雅思阅读词汇，大家可以参考一下。

希望各位考生能找到适合自己的词汇记忆方法，帮助我们扩大词汇量。

刘洪波雅思阅读词汇总结atmosphere n. 大气, 气氛，空气, 格调, 情趣, 气压hydrosphere n. 水圈, 水界, 水气lithosphere n. 岩圈,地壳core n.中心，核心，精髓; 果心，果核; [地质学]地核; [计] 磁心 vt.去(果)核，挖去…的果心; 提取岩芯(样品)mantle n. 斗篷, 覆罩之物, 罩子 v. 罩住, 覆盖, 脸红crust n. 外壳,坚硬的外壳,面包皮 vt. 盖以硬皮 vi. 结硬皮magnetic adj. 有磁性的,有吸引力的,催眠术的gravity n. 地心引力,重力,严重,庄重,严肃plate n. 碟,盘,金属板,板块 vt. 镀金,电镀,为...制印版,, 给...装钢板,用金属板固定drift n. 漂移,漂流物,观望,漂流,吹积物,趋势 vi. 漂移,漂流,吹积 vt. 使漂流,把...吹积crack vt.破裂，打开; (使…)开裂; 说(笑话); 开瓶 vi.断裂，折断; 碎裂声，爆裂声; 镜子破裂了; 失去控制，衰退 n.裂缝; 试图; 缝隙; (可听到响声的)重击 adj.训练有素的; 技艺高超的; 优秀的; 一流的trigger vt. 引发，引起;触发 vi. 松开扳柄 n. 扳机;[电子] 触发器;制滑机flaw n. 缺点,裂纹,瑕疵,突然的狂风天气 vi. 变得有缺陷 vt. 使破裂interact vi. 相互作用,相互影响absorb v. 吸收,吸引...的注意,使全神贯注melt n. 熔化,熔化物 vt. &vi. 熔化,溶解, 软化, 渐渐混合thaw n. 融雪 v. 使融解, 暖和dissolve vt. 消除,解散,使溶解,解决(问题),使沮丧 vi. 消散,溶解, 解散, 液化,变得模糊 n. 叠化画面release n. 释放, 让渡, 发行 vt. 释放, 让与, 准予发表, 发射accumulate vt. 积聚,累加,堆积 vi. 累积decompose vi. &vt. 分解 vt. 腐烂volcano n. 火山erupt v. 爆发magma n. 岩浆，糊剂lava n. 熔岩, 火山岩tsunami n. 海啸tidal adj. 潮的, 有关潮水的hurricane n. 飓风,飓风般猛烈的东西 adj. 有防风罩的tornado n. 飓风,旋风,龙卷风typhoon n. 台风earthquake n. 地震avalanche n. 雪崩glacier n. 冰河, 冰川fertile adj. 肥沃的,能繁殖的 n. 多产,肥沃fertilizer n. 肥料barren adj. 不育的, 贫瘠的drought n. 干旱famine n. 饥荒, 极度缺乏flooding n. 泛滥, [医]产后出血 adj. 泛滥的动词flood的现在分词形式arid adj. 干燥的, 不毛的 adj. 枯燥的，无趣的acid adj. 酸的 n. 酸, 酸味物质ozone n. 臭氧, 新鲜空气layer n.层，层次; 膜; [植]压条; 放置者，计划者 vt.把…分层堆放; 借助压条法; 生根繁殖; 将(头发)剪成不同层次 vi.形成或分成层次; [植]通过压条法而生根photosynthesis n. 光合作用greenhouse n. 温室, 暖房phenomenon n. 现象, 非凡的人或事物carbon n. 碳,灯芯,复写纸sulfur n. 硫 vt. 用硫处理液化nitrogen n. 氮hydrogen n. 氢oxygen n. 氧,氧气dioxide n. 二氧化物pollutant n. 污染物质pollution n. 污染, 污染物toxic adj. 有毒的 n. 有毒物质devastate vt. 毁坏,使震惊deteriorate vt. (使)恶化 vi. (使)恶化, 瓦解, 衰退aggravate vt. 使...恶化,使...更严重 vt. [口]激怒contaminate vt. 弄脏,污染erode vt. 腐蚀,侵蚀 vi. 受到侵蚀degrade vt. 贬低;使……丢脸;使……降级;使……降解 vi. 降级，降低;退化upgrade vt. 提高(上升,浓集,加强) n. 提高(上升,浓集,加强)recycle vt. 使再循环,再利用,再制 vi. 循环 n. 再循环conservation n. 保存, 防止流失, 守恒, 保护自然资源conversation n. 会话,谈话ecosystem n. 生态系统eco-friendly adj. 对生态环境友好的，不妨害生态环境的sediment n. 沉淀物deposit vt. 存放, 堆积, 使沉淀 vi. 沉淀 n. 存款, 定金, 堆积物petroleum n. 石油petrol n. 汽油gasoline n. 汽油fume n. 臭气, 烟, 激怒 v. 熏, 冒烟smoke n. 烟, 无常的事物, 抽烟 v. 吸烟, 以烟熏, 冒烟fog n. 雾, 朦胧, 喷雾, 迷惑 vt. &vi.以雾笼罩, 使模糊, 迷惑smog n. 烟雾solar adj. 太阳的,太阳能的lunar adj. 月亮的,阴历的,银的calendar n. 日历,月历,日程表 vt. 进入日历radiation n. 辐射,放射线ultraviolet adj. 紫外线的 n.紫外线thermodynamics n. 热力学extinction n.熄灭; 消灭，灭绝; 废除; [物]消光，自屏，衰减extinct adj. 灭绝的,熄灭的 n. 消灭,熄灭catastrophe n. 大灾难,大祸,彻底失败disaster n. 灾难endanger vt. 危及，危害jeopardize vt. 危害,使受危困,使陷危地habitat n. (动植物的)产地,栖息地habit n. 习惯，习性;嗜好 vt. 使穿衣deforestation n. 森林开伐, 滥伐森林desertification n. (土壤)荒漠化, 沙漠化dessert n. 甜食vegetation n. 植物,草木,(植物)生长vegetarian n. 素食者 adj. 素食的log n. 记录,圆木,日志,计程仪 vt. 伐木,切,记录,航行,度过(时间) vi. 采伐logo n. 图形,商标,标识语dune n. 沙丘dust-storm n. 尘暴, 大灰尘delta n. (河流的)三角洲granite n. 花岗岩;坚毅;冷酷无情clay n. 粘土,泥土mechanism n. 机制,原理，机械,机构,结构dump n. 垃圾场,堆放处 vt. 丢弃,抛售,导出 vi. 骤降,扔垃圾landfill n. 垃圾堆reclaim v. 开垦, 纠正, 收回circulation n. 流通,循环,发行量,消息传播precipitation n. 坠落, 沉淀, 凝结; 冰雹evaporation n.蒸发(作用)meteorology n. 气象学, 气象状态Celsius adj. 摄氏的Fahrenheit adj. 华氏的 n. 华氏温度计longitude n. 经度latitude n. 纬度，界限,自由选择权altitude n. 高度,海拔,高地attitude n. 态度, 看法, 姿势equator n. 赤道Arctic adj. 北极的,极寒的 n. (首字母大写时)北极圈,北极地方Antarctic adj. 南极的 n. 南极洲, 南极圈border n. 边缘 vt. 作...之疆界,加边tropical adj. 热带的, 炎热的, 热带植物的temperate adj. 温和的, 适度的, 有节制的mild adj. (烟、酒)味淡的,轻微的,温柔的,文雅的frigid adj. 寒冷的, 死板的，(指女性)性冷淡的freeze v. 冻结, 冷冻, 僵硬 [计算机] 冻结irreversible adj. 不可逆转的inevitable adj. 不可避免的, 必然(发生)的feasible adj. 可行的,可能的viable adj. 能生存的,可行的,能居住的的opt vi. 选择,决定做某事option n.选择(的自由); 选项; 选择权; 选择能力vt.得到或获准进行选择; 调动球员prioritize vt. 把 ... 区分优先次序prior adj. 更重要的, 较早的, 在先的 adv. 居先 n. 小修道院院长; 大修道院副院长priority n. 优先权, 优先顺序, 优先attribute n. 属性, 特征; 标志, 象征 vt. 归于, 属于雅思阅读真经总纲刘洪波编著内容笔记阅读分为四种题型1、单词题(最简单：summary,流程图，填空，填句)2、句子题T/F和选择(中等难度：判断题和选择题)3、段落题Heading题(最难的，归纳中心思想)4、匹配题Matching题(有诀窍，并不难)前两种直拳，第3种还我漂亮拳，第4种面目全非掌无标题的文章很可能出标题题：末段+大意(把题干读一遍)!!雅思文章首段不是最重要段落，末段和第二段才是最重要的防盗版内容：Before群里去背单词During 助教讲部分内容After 模考如何提升阅读速度1扩大视距：把单词变为意群，不要默读2跳读和变速：重点读认识的单词，读得懂的读慢，读不懂的读快题干3类词汇如果任意打开一篇题干13道题不认识的有3个及以上，阅读词汇需补充三大类：主题词不认识没关系模板词如account /reference/ mention在阅读题干中就是“描述”之义，毫无意义，不需要去特别记(拿任何一本剑桥，把题干中所有不认识的词记下来)考点词如resemble考点词真经很重要，要背3类关键词Keywords问题:正确读题方法一定要慢且2遍找到Keyword 解题，不用再读题干三大类：眼球级朴素级普通动词、名词、形容词逻辑关系词并列(重大考点)、转折、因果总纲标注法：(做真题时做这个工作)画出题干和原文所有对应之处(同义替换)要用此法做真题练习精细理解力句子题段落题匹配题为什么不要精读?而要快速阅读和对比阅读首先就要背考点词，才能敏感地找到同义替换按总纲标注法做文章填空题考察的不是空格而是空格前后的同义替换如果找不到替换，关键词的本行和上下行，找不认识的词。

刘洪波雅思作文范文【篇1】刘洪波雅思作文范文在浩瀚的英语学习海洋中，雅思写作犹如一座难以逾越的山峰，令无数考生望而生畏。

然而，有了刘洪波老师的指引，这座山峰似乎变得不再那么遥不可及。

刘洪波老师，以其独特的教学方式和深入浅出的讲解，为众多迷茫的考生指明了方向。

他强调，雅思写作并非简单的背诵与模仿，而是需要真正的理解与运用。

那些被考生们奉为圭臬的模板句子，在考官眼中，却可能成为扣分的理由。

因为，真正的写作，是需要有思想、有观点、有逻辑的。

在刘洪波老师的理念中，雅思写作是一场与考官的智力较量，更是一场与自己的心灵对话。

考生们需要摒弃那些陈词滥调，用自己的语言去表达对这个世界的看法。

无论是环境保护、社会现象还是文化差异，都需要我们用心去观察、去思考，然后用文字去呈现。

刘洪波老师还提醒我们，雅思写作并非一蹴而就的过程，而是需要长期的积累与磨练。

他鼓励我们多读、多写、多思考，通过不断的实践来提升自己的写作水平。

同时，他也教会我们如何运用各种写作技巧，使文章更加生动有趣、逻辑清晰。

在刘洪波老师的引领下，我们逐渐明白了雅思写作的真谛：它不仅仅是一场考试，更是一次自我提升与成长的过程。

在这个过程中，我们不仅学会了如何用英语去表达自己的想法，更学会了如何去观察这个世界、去理解不同的文化与价值观。

因此，当我们再次面对雅思写作这座山峰时，我们不再感到迷茫与恐惧。

因为我们知道，只要我们用心去攀登，就一定能够到达山顶，领略到那不一样的风景。

【篇2】刘洪波雅思作文范文在探索雅思作文的奥秘时，词汇与语法无疑是我们绕不开的两座大山。

它们既是作文的坚实基石，也是赋予文章生命的灵魂所在。

词汇，作为构成作文的基本单元，其重要性不言而喻。

一个恰当的词汇，往往能准确传达作者的思想，引发读者的共鸣。

因此，我们在日常学习中应广泛涉猎，积累各类话题的核心词汇，并深入理解其内涵与外延。

这样，在写作时，我们才能游刃有余地选择合适的词汇，让文章熠熠生辉。

矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。

如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。

㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。

(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。

如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。

对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。

二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。

2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。

㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。

2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。

三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。

2、矿区矿产资源概况。

3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。

㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。

2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。

雅思教父刘洪波作品《雅思阅读真经3》命中8月5日考试雅思教父刘洪波于2007年编著的《雅思阅读真经3》中第20页收录文章：吉尔伯特和磁场。

2010年8月5日中国区雅思考试阅读第一篇正好考到！《雅思阅读真经》是刘洪波老师的经典著作，于2004年开始出版第一本，至今已随题库升级出版到了《雅思阅读真经4》。

当前市面上已出现山寨版的《雅思阅读真经》，请广大雅思考生购书时仔细分辨，认清作者。

READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1 –13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.William Gilbert and MagnetismThe accredited father of the science of electricity and magnetism was the English scientist, William Gilbert, who was a physician and man of learning at the court of Elizabeth. Prior to him, all that was known of electricity and magnetism was what the ancients knew, that the lodestone possessed magnetic properties and that amber and jet, when rubbed, would attract bits of paper or other substances of small specific gravity. William Gilbert's great treatise De magnete, magneticisique corporibus"or "On the Magnet", printed in Latin in 1600, containing the fruits of his researches and experiments for many years, indeed provided the basis for a new science.William Gilbert was born in Colchester, Suffolk, on May 24, 1544. He studied medicine at St. John's College, Cambridge, graduating in 1573. He was prominent in the College of Physicians and became its president in 1599. The following year he was appointed physician to Queen Elizabeth I, and a few months before his death on Dec. 10, 1603, physician to James I.The ancient Greeks knew about lodestones, strange minerals with the power to attract iron. Some were found near the city of Magnesia in Asia Minor (now Turkey), and that city lent its name to all things magnetic. The early Chinese also knew about lodestones and about iron magnetized by them. Around the year 1000 they discovered that when a lodestone or an iron magnet was placedon a float in a bowl of water, it always pointed south. From this developed the magnetic compass, which quickly spread to the Arabs and from them to Europe.Britain was a major seafaring nation in 1588 when the Spanish Armada was defeated, opening the way to British settlement of America. British ships depended on the magnetic compass, yet no one understood why it worked. Did the pole star attract it, as Columbus once speculated; or was there a magnetic mountain at the pole, as described in Odyssey, which ships should never approach, because the sailors thought its pull would yank out all their iron nails and fittings? Did the smell of garlic interfere with the action of the compass, which is why helmsmen were forbidden to eat it near a ship's compass? For nearly 20 years William Gilbert conducted ingenious experiments to understand magnetism."William Gilbert was fascinated by magnets,” as Dr. David P. Stern of NASA notes. Given two magnets, Gilbert knew that magnetic poles can attract or repel, depending on polarity. In addition, however, ordinary iron is always attracted to a magnet. Gilbert guessed, correctly, that near a permanent magnet iron became a temporary magnet, of a polarity suitable for attraction. That is, the end of an iron bar stuck to an S pole of a magnet (south-seeking pole) temporarily becomes an N-pole. Because magnetic poles always come in matched pairs, the other end of the bar temporarily becomes an S-pole, and can in its turn attract more iron. Gilbert confirmed his guessof temporary ("induced") magnetism by an original experiment. Usingstrings, he hung two parallel iron bars above the pole of a terrella, a modelearth he designed for this experiment, and noted that they repelled each other.Under the influence of the terrella, each became a temporary magnet withthe same polarities, and the temporary poles of each bar repelled those of theother one.In 1600 Gilbert published De magnete in Latin. Very quickly itbecame the standard work throughout Europe on electrical and magnetic phenomena. In this work he describes many of his experiments with his model earth terrella. From his experiments, he concluded that the Earth was itself magnetic and that this was thereason compasses pointed north. In his book, he also studied static electricity using amber. Gilbert strongly argued that electricity and magnetism was not the same thing. For evidence, he (incorrectly) pointed out that electrical attraction disappeared with heat, magnetic attraction did not. By keeping clarity, Gilbert's strong distinction advanced science for nearly 250 years. It took James Clerk Maxwell to show electromagnetism is, in fact, two sides of the same coin.De Magnete is not only a comprehensive review of what was known about the nature of magnetism, Gilbert added much knowledge through his own experiments. He likened the polarity of the magnet to the polarity of the Earth and built an entire magnetic philosophy on this analogy. In Gilbert's animistic explanation, magnetism was the soul of the Earth and a perfectly spherical lodestone, when aligned with the Earth's poles, would spin on its axis, just as the Earth spins on its axis in 24 hours. He speculated that the moon might also be a magnet caused to orbit by its magnetic attraction to the Earth. This was perhaps the first proposal that a force might cause a heavenly orbit.Gilbert did not, however, express an opinion as to whether this rotating Earth was at the center of the universe or in orbit around the Sun. In traditional cosmology the Earth was fixed and it was the sphere of the fixed stars, carrying the other heavens with it, which rotated in 24 hours. Since the Copernican cosmology needed a new physics to under gird it, Copernicans such as Johannes Kepler and Galileo were very interested in Gilbert's magnetic researches. Galileo's efforts to make a truly powerful armed lodestone for his patrons probably date from his reading of Gilbert's book.The first major scientific work produced in England, Gilbert’s De magnete reflected a new attitude toward scientific investigation. Until then, scientific experiments were not in fashion: instead, books relied on quotes of ancient authorities and that is where the myth about garlic interfering with the compass started. Unlike most medieval thinkers, Gilbert was willing to rely on sense experience and his own observationsand experiments rather than the authoritative opinion or deductive philosophy of others. In the treatise he not only collected and reviewed critically older knowledge on the behavior of the magnet and electrified bodies but described his own researches, which he had been conducting for 17 years. It was because of this scientific attitude, together with his contribution to our knowledge of magnetism, that a unit of magneto motive force, also known as magnetic potential, was named the Gilbert in his honor.Questions 1 - 8Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1 – 8 on your answer sheet write.TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN if the statement is trueif the statement is falseif the information is not given in the passage1.It was Gilbert who first discovered some substances with magnetic properties.2.Arabs invented the magnetic compass in which an iron magnet always pointedsouth.3.Gilbert explained the phenomenon of the magnetic compass in his book De magnete.4.Gilbert’s mistaken notion about the distinction between electricity and magnetism held backthe development of science.5.Gilbert speculated that the moon orbited the Earth by magnetic force.6.Copernicans such as Galileo favored traditional cosmology which held that the earthwas the center of the universe.7.Gilbert's magnetic theories contradicted the traditional cosmology.8.As a scientist, Gilbert set himself apart by favoring an intuitive approach andexperiments rather than the deductive reason.Questions 9-13Choose the appropriate letters A –D and write them in boxes 9-13on your answer sheet.9. In Odyssey, why could not ships approach the mountain at the pole?A.People believed that they would get lost if garlic hampered the action of the compass.B.People believed that the pole star would distract ships away.C.People believed that the magnetism would wreck the ship.D.People believed that the magnetic mountain would make the compass out ofwork.10. By contacting two metal bars, one magnetized, the other neutral, he was able to pass on a charge to the neutral bar. He called this___________A.induced magnetism.B.permanent magnetism.C.terrella magnetism.D.polar magnetism.11. In De magnete, Gilbert ___________ discussed electricity, magnetism and heat.A.emphaticallyB.scientificallyC.wronglyD.passionately12. James Clerk Maxwell demonstrated that ____________A. electricity and magnetism was the same thing.B. electrical and magnetic attraction disappeared with heat.C. there was some relationship between electricity and magnetism.D. electromagnetism has two opposite sides.13. Gilbert’s De magnete, a collection of his theories and experiments and reflections on others’ work is commonly known as _____________A. an essay.B. a treatise.C. a volume.D. a contribution.。

刘洪波考研英语词汇真经在线阅读全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Once upon a time, there was a super cool guy named Liu Hongbo. He was like a superhero but for studying English. He wanted to take the super hard test called the GRE, which is like the Olympics for smart people.Liu Hongbo knew he had to study a lot to pass the test, so he decided to read the famous book called "Liu Hongbo's Study Guide to the GRE Online." This book had all the secret tricks and tips to help him pass the test with flying colors.Every day after school, Liu Hongbo would sit down with his computer and read the study guide. He learned about all the different sections of the test – like reading, writing, and math. He also learned how to guess the right answers even if he didn't know the answer for sure.As Liu Hongbo kept reading the study guide, he started to feel more confident about the test. He knew he could do it if he just believed in himself and kept practicing. Finally, the day of thetest arrived, and Liu Hongbo sat down in front of the computer, took a deep breath, and started answering the questions.After a few hours, the test was over, and Liu Hongbo felt proud of himself. He knew he had done his best, thanks to the help of the study guide. A few weeks later, he got the results – he had passed the GRE with flying colors!From that day on, Liu Hongbo became a hero in the world of English study. He proved that with hard work, determination, and a little help from a study guide, anyone can achieve their dreams. And that's the story of Liu Hongbo and his journey to passing the GRE.篇2Hey guys! Today I'm gonna talk about reading the online real scriptures of Liu Hongbo's postgraduate entrance exam English. It's super important to prepare for the postgraduate entrance exam, and one way to do that is by reading Liu Hongbo's materials online.Liu Hongbo's materials are like gold mines full of valuable information and tips for passing the exam. They cover all the key points and provide a lot of examples to help us understandbetter. It's like having a personal tutor right in front of us, guiding us through the exam.When reading Liu Hongbo's materials online, make sure to take notes and practice as much as possible. This will help us remember the important information and improve our English skills at the same time. It's like killing two birds with one stone!Don't forget to also review what you've learned regularly. Repetition is key to mastering any subject, so keep going back to the materials and practicing until you feel confident.In conclusion, reading Liu Hongbo's materials online is a great way to prepare for the postgraduate entrance exam. It's like having a secret weapon that will help us ace the exam and achieve our dreams. So, let's grab those materials and start studying now! Good luck, everyone!篇3Hello everyone! Today I want to tell you about reading the Liu Hongbo's Kao Yan English Vocabulary Online. It is super cool and helpful for studying English!First of all, Liu Hongbo's Kao Yan English Vocabulary Online is like a magic book full of words and phrases. It helps us to learnnew words and remember them easily. The best part is that we can read it online anytime and anywhere. Isn't that awesome?When we read this book, we can improve our English skills step by step. We can learn new words, practice pronunciation, and even understand grammar better. It's like having a super smart teacher right on our computer or phone!One of my favorite things about Liu Hongbo's Kao Yan English Vocabulary Online is that it is fun to read. The stories are interesting and the pictures are colorful. It makes learning English feel like playing a game!So, if you want to become a master of English like Liu Hongbo, make sure to read his Kao Yan English Vocabulary Online. It will help you learn new words, improve your English skills, and have fun at the same time. Don't miss out on this amazing opportunity to level up your English game!篇4Title: Liu Hongbo's Journey of Studying English for Postgraduate Entrance ExamHey guys! Today I want to talk about my big brother Liu Hongbo and his crazy journey of studying English for thepostgraduate entrance exam. So, buckle up and let's dive into the world of English grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension!First of all, let me tell you that my brother Liu Hongbo is a total genius when it comes to studying. He can memorize vocabulary like nobody's business and his grammar skills are on point. But English is a tough nut to crack, even for him. That's why he decided to take on the challenge of studying for the postgraduate entrance exam.He started by reading lots of English books and articles every day. He would spend hours on end poring over words and phrases, trying to make sense of them all. It was tough going at first, but he never gave up. He knew that if he wanted to pass the exam, he had to put in the hard work.Next, he focused on improving his grammar skills. He made flashcards of all the different tenses, verb forms, and sentence structures. He would quiz himself every day to make sure he knew them inside and out. It was a lot of work, but he was determined to succeed.Lastly, he tackled the reading comprehension section of the exam. This was perhaps the toughest part for him. He had to read long passages and answer tricky questions about them. Buthe didn't let that stop him. He practiced every day, slowly but surely improving his reading speed and comprehension.In the end, all his hard work paid off. He aced the postgraduate entrance exam and got into his dream school. I couldn't be prouder of my big brother Liu Hongbo and his amazing journey of studying English. He truly is an inspiration to us all.So there you have it, folks. If my brother Liu Hongbo can do it, so can you! Just remember to never give up, keep pushing yourself, and believe in your ability to succeed. Good luck on your own journey of studying English, and who knows, maybe one day you'll be just as successful as Liu Hongbo!篇5Mr. Liu Hongbo is a super cool teacher who helps us little kids with our English studies. He's like a superhero who swoops in with all the answers to our questions. And guess what? He's got this awesome online reading material called the "Liu Hongbo Exam English Vocabulary Online Reading". It's like a treasure trove of words and phrases that can help us become English masterminds!When we click on the website, we're greeted with colorful pictures and fun activities that make learning English feel like a breeze. Mr. Liu Hongbo's online material covers everything from grammar rules to tricky vocabulary words. It's like having a virtual English teacher right at our fingertips!One of the best parts about Mr. Liu's online reading material is that it's so interactive. We can practice our pronunciation, test our comprehension skills, and even play games to make learning English even more fun. And the best part? We can access it anytime, anywhere — whether we're at home or on the go.Thanks to Mr. Liu Hongbo and his amazing online reading material, we're becoming English experts in no time. We're so grateful for his help and can't wait to keep learning more with his awesome resources!篇6Title: Reading Liu Hongbo's Masterpiece for the English ExamHey guys, have you heard of Liu Hongbo's amazing English exam guide online? It's super helpful for all of us struggling with English! Today, let's take a closer look at some of the key points in Liu Hongbo's masterpiece.First of all, Liu Hongbo emphasizes the importance of vocabulary. He suggests that we should learn new words every day and use them in sentences to remember them better. He also recommends reading newspapers, magazines, and books to improve our vocabulary.Next, Liu Hongbo talks about grammar. He says that we should pay attention to grammar rules and practice using them in our writing and speaking. He gives examples of common grammar mistakes and how to avoid them.In addition, Liu Hongbo gives tips on how to improve our reading comprehension skills. He advises us to read different types of texts, such as news articles, essays, and stories. He also recommends taking notes while reading to better understand the main ideas.Furthermore, Liu Hongbo shares his strategies for writing essays. He suggests brainstorming ideas, writing a clear thesis statement, and organizing our thoughts logically. He also gives tips on how to use examples and evidence to support our arguments.Overall, Liu Hongbo's guide is a treasure trove of useful tips and techniques for mastering English. By following his adviceand practicing regularly, we can improve our English skills and ace the exam. Let's all work hard and achieve success together!So, what are you waiting for? Let's start reading Liu Hongbo's masterpiece and conquer the English exam! Good luck, everyone!篇7Title: Reading Liu Hongbo's Online Reading Guide for Postgraduate EnglishHi everyone, do you want to know how to read Liu Hongbo's online reading guide for postgraduate English? Well, I'm here to tell you all about it! Liu Hongbo is a famous teacher who has helped many students pass their postgraduate English exams. His online guide is super helpful and easy to understand.First of all, make sure you have a good grasp of the basics of English grammar and vocabulary. Liu Hongbo's guide covers everything from vocabulary building to sentence structure, so it's important to have a solid foundation before diving in.Next, set aside some time each day to read through the guide and practice the exercises. Remember, practice makesperfect! Liu Hongbo's guide is a great way to improve your English skills and build confidence in your abilities.One of the best things about Liu Hongbo's guide is that it's designed to be interactive and engaging. You can test your knowledge with quizzes, participate in discussions with other students, and even watch video lessons to reinforce your learning.In conclusion, reading Liu Hongbo's online reading guide for postgraduate English is a fantastic way to improve your English skills and prepare for your exams. So what are you waiting for? Start reading today and watch your English improve in no time!篇8Hey guys, today I want to talk about reading Liu Hongbo's online English reading materials for the postgraduate entrance exam. Liu Hongbo is a famous teacher who has helped a lot of students pass their exams, so his materials are super helpful!First of all, reading Liu Hongbo's materials online is really convenient. You can access them anytime and anywhere as long as you have an internet connection. You can read them on your phone, tablet, or computer, which makes studying super easy.Secondly, Liu Hongbo's materials are really well-organized. They cover all the important topics that you need to know for the exam, so you can be sure that you're studying the right things. Plus, the explanations are really clear and easy to understand, so you won't have any trouble grasping the concepts.Lastly, reading Liu Hongbo's materials online is a great way to practice your reading skills. The more you read, the better you'll get at understanding English texts, which is essential for the exam. Plus, you can practice answering questions related to the texts, which will help you prepare for the exam.In conclusion, reading Liu Hongbo's online English reading materials is a great way to prepare for the postgraduate entrance exam. They're convenient, well-organized, and great for practicing your reading skills. So if you're studying for the exam, make sure to check out Liu Hongbo's materials online!篇9Hello everyone, today I want to tell you about reading Liu Hongbo's online reading of GRE English. Liu Hongbo is a famous teacher in China, and he has a lot of experience in helping students study for the GRE exam.First of all, when you read the GRE English materials online, it is important to focus on understanding the main ideas of the passage. Liu Hongbo always emphasizes the importance of grasping the key points and main ideas in order to answer the questions correctly.Secondly, it is important to pay attention to the vocabulary in the passages. Liu Hongbo often provides tips on how to remember and understand new words, which can be very helpful for improving your English skills.In addition, Liu Hongbo's online reading materials cover a wide range of topics, so it is important to be prepared for anything that may come up on the GRE exam. It is a good idea to practice reading different types of passages in order to improve your reading comprehension skills.Overall, reading Liu Hongbo's online materials can be very helpful for improving your English skills and preparing for the GRE exam. Remember to focus on understanding the main ideas, pay attention to vocabulary, and practice reading different types of passages. Good luck with your studies!篇10Once upon a time, there was a super duper smart guy named Liu Hongbo. He wanted to go to a super duper cool school called grad school. But first, he had to pass a super duper hard test called the entrance exam.Liu Hongbo knew he had to study really really hard for the exam. So, he decided to read this super duper famous book called "Liu Hongbo's Graduate School English Exam Bible." It was like the holy grail of study materials!Every day, Liu Hongbo read the book from morning till night. He studied grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension like a boss. He even practiced speaking and listening by chatting with his stuffed animals. Yeah, he was that dedicated!Finally, the day of the exam arrived. Liu Hongbo walked into the test room with confidence. He breezed through each section of the exam, thanks to all the hard work he put in. And guess what? He passed with flying colors!Liu Hongbo was over the moon with joy. He thanked the book, his stuffed animals, and most of all, himself for never giving up. From that day on, he was known as the King of the Grad School Entrance Exam.So, kids, the moral of the story is: study hard, believe in yourself, and you can achieve anything you set your mind to. Just like Liu Hongbo did with his super duper awesome English exam bible. The end.。

、|!_一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就这么忘记了..儿童类雅思作文高分范文及点评——摘自刘洪波2010新作《最简化雅思写作》Some people believe that time spent on television, video and computer games can be beneficial to children. Others believe this has negative effects on a child. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.In recent years parents have had to make tough decisions about how much time their kids should spend watching TV and playing computer or video games. Some have argued that they are not only a waste of time, but potentially harmful. Others, however, claim that kids should be kids and deserve some entertainment. Personally, I feel that the best approach is moderation.On the one hand, too much TV and gaming can have a negative influence. Physically, hours in front of a monitor are harmful on the eyes. And mentally if kids spend too much time living in a virtual world, they may lose the ability to make friends and socialize in a normal way. Moreover, seeing too much violence and questionab le content could influence young people’s behavior, as they are impressionable.On the other hand, all children need to have fun and play. If students only study, they will surely suffer from mental and emotional pressure and stress. Also, not all content on TV or online is unhealthy; there are lots of educational shows and content that is positive.Speaking from personal experience, I think the right approach is to have a healthy balance. In this regard, parents have a responsibility to set boundaries and make sure that the content their kids are viewing is appropriate. As well, TV and video games are not the only ways to have fun, so parents should encourage their kids to interact and play with other kids in person too.In the end, we should follow our common sense. Parents should be firm but fair with letting their kids play online or in front of a TV screen. Most things in moderation are healthy, and TV and video games are no different.(289 words)刘洪波点评：写作线索：观点中立，适度即可。