乳胶手套是怎么制得的
How latex gloves are made
天然橡胶手套产品的制作是一个有趣的过程。
这一过程以天然橡胶开始，以复合材料作屏障来收尾。
在他们到达经销商和最终用户前，每一个步骤都要确保手套是最优质的。
Natural rubber latex glove production is an interesting process that starts with nature and ends with comprehensive barrier protection.Each step along the way ensures the
gloves are of the utmost quality when they arrive to distributors and end users.
这里是从开始到完工的生产周期概述：
Here is an overview of the production cycle from start to finish:
收获阶段
这一过程始于橡胶树，这种树大部分生长在东南亚国家，比如越南、泰国和印度尼西亚。
工作人员通过一种叫割胶的过程从成年的树上提取乳白色的乳胶汁液。
（割胶）这一过程都是在早上发生的。
因为汁液在温度上升时凝结得很快。
工作人员们要从树上向下蜿蜒地树槽中剥树皮。
将汁液对准插管，然后将乳胶滴入贴在树边的杯子里。
之后，工作人员要将乳白色的乳胶煮沸，使其浓缩。
这与（提炼）糖浆的方法相同。
橡胶树适宜割胶的年限为五年。
The harvesting phase
The process begins with the Hevea brasiliensis tree,which mostly grows in Southeast Asian countries like Vietnam,Thailand and Indonesia.Farmers extract the trees'milky white latex sap from mature trees through a process called tapping.This occurs in the early morning,as the sap coagulates faster when temperatures rise later in the day. Farmers start by stripping bark from the tree at a downward curve.This directs the sap to a spile,which then allows the latex to drip into a cup affixed to the tree.Then,farmers boil the milky white latex to make it more concentrated,which gives the sap a consistency similar to syrup.Rubber trees are suitable for tapping for five years.
工作人员通过一种叫割胶的过程从树上提取乳胶。
Farmers remove latex from trees through a process called tapping.
生产阶段
工作人员们一旦采集了汁液，汁液就将去往工厂制成产品。
这一阶段包括一些步骤：The production phase
Once farmers collect the sap,it goes to a factory for production.This phase includes several steps:
∙准备乳胶：尽管乳胶手套来自于天然橡胶中的乳胶，但它们不是100%纯的。
这是因为在最初的生产阶段中，制造商用大量助剂参入乳胶中。
这一步骤增强了乳胶的特性，比如弹性，以及材料的稳定性和其保质期。
∙Preparing the latex:While latex gloves come from natural rubber latex,they are not100percent pure.This is because manufacturers combine the latex
concentrate with a number of compounding chemicals during the initial step of
the production process.This step enhances the latex's properties,such as the
elasticity,as well as stabilizes the material and its shelf life.
∙
∙清洗模具：为了将乳胶塑造成手套的形状，制造商使用了陶瓷制得手形模具。
第一步任务就是通过在水中浸渍它们、漂白它们来清洗手模。
这确保没有残留
前一批次的（赃物）。
然后，工作人员将其浸渍在碳酸钙和硝酸钙的化学溶液
中来帮助手套（更）服贴。
∙Cleaning the formers:To mold the latex into the shape of a glove, manufacturers use hand-shaped ceramic formers.The first task is to wash these formers by dipping them in water and then bleach.This ensures no residues are left from the previous batch.Afterward,formers dip into a chemical solution of calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate to help the latex stick.
∙
·在乳胶中浸渍：一旦手模清洗完毕，制造商会将其浸渍于充满乳胶的水槽中。
基于生产厚度的不同需求，手模浸渍在水槽中的时间也会不同。
∙Dipping in latex:Once the formers are ready,manufacturers dip them into a tank full of latex,with the length of time the former is immersed in the tank varying based on the desired glove thickness.
∙橡胶硫化：为了保证橡胶在烘干时不
会出现裂纹，手模会被放置进一个烘
干机中烘干、凝固。
硫化过程的发展
是胶乳橡胶的组成部分。
∙Vulcanizing the rubber:To ensure
the rubber does not crack while
drying,the formers enter an oven to
dry and solidify.The development of
the vulcanization process was
integral to the creation of the latex
rubber.
∙
过滤手套：这一过程包括将手套浸渍
在水槽中并去除过量的乳胶蛋白，从
而降低有过敏反应的穿戴者的风险，
增强穿戴的舒适感。
∙Leaching the gloves:This process
involves dipping the gloves in water
tanks and removing excess latex
proteins to lower
the risk of wearers having an allergic
reaction and enhance the feel.
∙卷边：过滤完手套后，制造商就开始对手套进行卷边以使其方便穿脱。
卷边后，手套可能会再度被过滤。
∙Beading the cuffs:Once the gloves are done with leaching,the manufacturers roll the cuffs to make the gloves easier to remove.The gloves may undergo leaching again after beading.
∙
∙施粉：如果是有粉手套，它们就要进入一个食品级玉米淀粉的潮湿浆里。
之后，制造商会再次烘干手套。
∙Applying powder:If the gloves are powdered,they enter a wet food-grade cornstarch powder slurry.Afterward,manufacturers dry the gloves again.
∙
∙氯化手套或使用高分子涂层制得手套：如果手套是无粉的，它们就要经受一种替代施粉的工艺以便穿戴。
首先是氯化法，它使得乳胶手套不再是传统的有粉手套。
其次是高分子涂层，它能使其表面光滑。
∙Chlorinating or polymer coating the gloves:If the gloves are powder free, they undergo alternative processes to facilitate easier donning.The first is
chlorination,which makes the latex less tacky.The second involves coating the gloves with a polymer,which makes the surface smoother.
∙
∙拖鞋手套：手套被制作完成后，工作人员需要用手将其从手模上脱卸下来。
∙Stripping the gloves:Once the gloves are finished,workers remove them from the formers by hand.
“医疗级手套能经受更严格的测试”
"Medical-grade gloves are subject to more rigorous testing."
质量控制阶段
The quality control phase
为了确保手套质量，制造商会对其进行测试。
工作人员使用美国材料与试验协会（ATSM）的方法及美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）规定的这些标准来对手套进行测试。
针孔渗漏测试就始终些方法中的一个。
首先，工作人员将一公升的水倒入手套中。
然后他们扎紧手套，将其悬挂一检查它的渗漏性。
To ensure the gloves are of the highest quality,manufacturers test them.Workers test gloves using methods from the American Society for Testing and Materials(ATSM), and the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)regulates these standards.The pinhole leak test is one of these methods.Workers first fill the gloves with one liter of water.Then,they close and hang the gloves to check for leaks.
这一测试在抽样标准（AQLs）的指南上有附。
这些标准指定了一个百分比来评估一个批次的手套。
如果一个批次的不合格手套超过了整个批次的百分比，那么这一批次的所有手套将都（被定为）不合格。
The tests adhere to guidelines regarding acceptable quality limits(AQLs).These standards designate a percentage to evaluate a batch of gloves.If a batch's failed gloves exceed this percentage of the total batch,all the gloves in that batch fail.
这些测试的结果决定了手套将是工业级的还是医疗级的。
后者可以经受更多严格的测试。
The results of these tests determine whether the gloves will be industrial-or medical-grade.The latter are subject to more rigorous testing.
包装阶段
制造完手套后，为了（便于）运输，工作人员将包装他们。
通过海运，手套会从东
南亚的制造工厂被运往美国。
The packaging phase
Once the gloves are done with production,workers package and pack them for shipping.The gloves travel from the manufacturing plants in Southeast Asia to the U.S.by ocean freight.
然后，你便拥有了它们。
它们从树液转变为产品，由简到繁使你获得了持久的防护屏障。
And there you have it.From something as simple as tree sap,you get durable barrier protection.
尽管乳胶手套是由天然橡胶制得的，但它们不是百分百纯的。
Although latex gloves are made from natural rubber,they are not100
percent pure.
关键词：乳胶手套,一次性手套,乳胶手套的制作过程。
