Structures of comparison
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1 从句，也称之为从属分句
结构：从属连词 + 简单句
从属连词 简单句
when I saw him yesterday
though I don’t like grammar
if you go home tomorrow
as I do
特点：在语法上结构不能独立
在表达上意义不够完整
因此，从句一般要和主句一起构成主从复合句。
功能：常常充当主句的一个句子成分，如：
主句 连接（引导）词 从句 成分
It is important
It depends on the weather that
whether we learn some grammar.
we’ll have our picnic. 主语从句
主语从句
We know
Could you tell us that
where grammar is important.
you got the book? 宾语从句
宾语从句
Our problem is
What we are afraid is that
whether we don’t have enough time.
you could give us some help. 表语从句
表语从句
I never have any doubt
There arose the question that
where you will win.
we could get the loan. 同位语从句
同位语从句
This is the university
He didn’t say anything, where
which he graduated 20 years ago.
seemed very strange. 定语从句
定语从句
He ate nothing
The lamb will follow him
She didn’t go to school
Take your umbrella
Do
The child is so young
You will be late for school
The child knows a lot before
wherever
because
in case
as
that
unless
though he went to school.
he goes.
she was ill.
the weather is wet.
I do.
he can’t go to school.
you start without delay.
he is very young. 状语从句
状语从句
状语从句
状语从句
状语从句
状语从句
状语从句
状语从句
原级比较句型
1） as … as any / ever 表示最高级意义
He is as bright as any in the class. 他是班上最出色的。
It was as fine a book as ever sold in the shop.
这是这家书店卖过的最好的书。
2） no / nothing … so … as …表示最高级意义，意为“没有……比……更……的了。”
Nothing in my life shocked me so deeply as this visit to America.
No murder is so shocking as this one.
3） as …(adj,) … as (adj.) …
表示“既……又……” 2 This method is as simple as practical.
这个方法既简单又实用
She is as clever as beautiful.
4） as much (A) as (B)
表示“不仅甲也同样乙”
He is as much interested in sports as in music.
他不仅对音乐感兴趣，对运动也同样感兴趣。
The fault may be as much with our whole society as with those young people.
5） not as much (A) as (B)
表示“与其说甲倒不如说乙”
Success is due not so much to ability as to zeal.
导致成功的与其说是由于能力倒不如说是由于热情。
He did that not so much for himself as for his wife.
6） not / without so much as …表示“连……也不”
You wouldn’t so much as get me a glass of water, would you? 你连给我杯水都不愿意，是吗？
He left suddenly without so much as saying “Good-bye” to the hostess.
比较级句型
1） more and more, less and less
表示“越来越……”
Computers are coming into wider and wider use.
Energy for our drive is more and more provided by oil instead of coal.
As I spoke to him, he became less and less angry.
2） The more / less … the more / less …
表示“越……越……”
The less we talk about that the better.
注意：有时可以将后一部分变为一个从句。
Astronauts find the air thinner the higher they go.
He liked the idea less the more he thought of it.
3） more (A) than (B) / less (A) than (B)
用于比较同一事物的两个方面，意为“与其说（甲），不如说（乙）”
He is much cleverer than (he is) diligent.
与其说他用功，不如说他更聪明。
这一句型的缩略形式是：
more + （形容词/副词）原级 + than + （形容词/副词）原级
She seems to be more kind than wise.
（= She is less wise than kind.）
有时，形容词/副词的位置也可是其它词，
The elephant seems to be more a fan than a wall.
4） More than …后接形容词、副词、名词、动词或介词短语，表示“不止是……, 非但……”
He is more than happy about it.
He more than complained: he threw the book at me.
5） No / Not … more … than 3 No one is more hardworking than Jack is.
Nowhere is racial discrimination more clearly seen than in South Africa.
6） more … than … can …
表示“无法，超出……所能”
He earn more money than he can spend.
In preparing his lessons, the teacher is always careful not to include more knowledge than
his students can grasp.
The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.
He has bitten off more than he can chew.
7） more than to do something
表示“不至于……”
You are wiser than to do those foolish things.
She has a better understanding of his temper than to make him angry.
He is more experienced than to do such a thing.
She knows better than to go out alone on such a night.
8） no more … than …
意为“与……同样不……”
no less …than
意为“与…… 一样”
He is no more a scholar than a teacher.
She is no less hardworking than her sister.
He can no more swim than a hammer can.
I’m no less interested in football matches than you are.
9） and (but) no more + 倒装结构
表示“也不”
He was not enthusiastic about cooking, but, no more was his wife.
He couldn’t go any farther, and no more could his friend.
than, as 引导的比较状语从句
than, as 引导的比较状语从句常常以省略的形式出现。
特点是：
1） 省略主语，保留谓语部分
Don’t eat more than is good for your health.
The situation there was not so bad as has been expected.
2） 省略部分谓语，保留主语和助动词，并构成倒装结构
No teacher has kept himself in greater enthusiasm for the students than has Miss Liu.
Their cat understands many signals as does their dog.
3） 省略谓语，只保留主语
She works more than anybody else.
4） 省略主语和部分谓语，保留宾语
I like more music than sports.
It’s funnier traveling by coach than by train.
5） 省略宾语
This book is more difficult to understand than I expected.
