自考英语复习资料语法难点

教育联展网语法难点（一）真实条件句1.基本形式：主句动词是将来时，if条件从句中的动词用现在时If you want something really badly,you’ll probably get in.2.If条件从句为一般现在时，主句中含有情态动词或用一般现在时表示状态或必然的结果If the weather gets worse,the planes might not be able to take off on time.If your computer breaks down,you can use mine.If the alarm rings,the door closes automatically.3.If条件从句的时态变化If you’re looking for John,you can find him in the classroom.If you have lost your car,you should report it to the police.If you’re going to the U.S.,you’ll need a visa.（二）虚拟语气1.与现在事实相反的虚拟(1)If+did(were)+...,...would(should,could,might)+动词原形If I were you,I would go abroad at once.If he knew it now,he could help me.(2)从句中可用If it were not for...(若不是……).e.g.(倒装句)Were it not for your help,I would’t be doing so well.If it weren’t for Jack,you wouldn’t be anywhere.2.与过去事实相反的虚拟(1)If+had done+...,...would(might,could等)+动词原形If I had known your phone number yesterday,I would have phoned you.If you had come here a little earlier just now,you might have met her.(2)特殊句型：If it had not been for ...(若不是……)e.g.(倒装句)Had I known your address,I would have written before.If it hadn’t been for the rain,we would have had a good harvest.3.与将来事实相反的虚拟(1)If+should +v.,...wouldshould等+V.(可能性很小，“万一”)，e.g. If I should fail,what should I do?(2)If+did(were)to+v....,would等+v.(完全不可能)e.g. If the sun were to rise in the west,I would lend you the money.4.某些动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常见的词有order,ask,decide,demand,require,recommend,suggest等。

He suggested that we should help them with English.5.Wish后的宾语从句中主+wish+(that)+主+did/were(指现在)had done(指过去)would+v.(指将来)6.主语从句中的虚拟语气(1)It’s suggested,requested,proposed,demanded等that+主语+should+动词原形.(2)It’s necessary,important,approp riate等+that+主语+should+动词原形.(3)It’s a pity(shame,no wonder)等+that+主语+should+动词原形.e.g. It’s strange that you should say such a thing.(4)It’s a great pity that he should be so conceited.7.同位语从句中的虚拟语气下列名词后的同位语从句要用“should+动词原形”的虚拟suggestion,order,requestdemand,proposalHe made a suggestion that we have a fancy dress party.They were faced with the demand that this tax should be abolished.8.As if后的状语从句中的虚拟语气（as though）e.g. I remember it vividly as if it were tonight.9.Would rather(sooner)其后的宾语从句中.would rather(sooner)that...+did(were)....I would sooner that you were not my brother.10.介词之后的虚拟语气 but for、without、to...But for my money,she would have prosecuted him.Without your help,I couldn’t have achieved all this.To he ar him talk,you’d think he was prime minister.11.It’s (high)time that...+did/were...It’s time that you went to bed.(you should go to bed.)12.虚拟语气中的倒装从句部分如果有were,should,had，可将if省略，再把were,should,had移到句首实行倒装。

e.g. Had you followed the doctor’s a dvice,you would be much better now.Were you here now(If you were here),you could help us.Should it rain,the crops would be saved.13.If only、suppose等之后也常用虚拟语气If only my father could understand my desire for privacy.Suppose he were lost.(三)独立主格1.不定式独立主格结构 (介词)+名词词组+不定式结构e.g. Four little girls followed the bride,two to hold her wedding gown,two to hold flowers.2.现在分词独立主格 （介词）+名词词组+现在分词结构e.g. Without anyone noticing,I slipped through the window.3.过去分词独立主格 （介词）+名词词组+过去分词结构I wo uldn’t dare go home without the job finished.4.无动词独立主格 （介）+名词词组+（介词词组）+（形词组/副词组/名词词组）He went off,gun in hand.The football match over,crowds of people poured out into the street.（四）倒装1.完全倒装 把谓语动词置于主语前，称为完全倒装部分倒装 把助动词或情态动词置于主语前，称为部分倒装。

2.当副词为in、out、down、there、here、off、over、away等时可以完全倒装，但主语不能是人称代词。

Down jumped the murderer from the tenth floor.In came Miss Green.注 如果主语是人称代词，主谓不倒装。

Away she went.Here you are.3.谓语动词为come，sit等不及物动词，可将状语置于句首，将主谓语倒装At the foot of the mountain stands a temple.To the square marched the band.4.Only+副词（介词短语）或only+状语位于句首，句子要倒装Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything.Only then did he realize that he was mistaken.5.否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首时，主谓语倒装。

此类词有：neither，nor，hardly，scarcely，rarely，seldom，not，never，not only，barely，at no time，nowhere，little，few，no more(longer)，in no way，by no means等等。

e.g. Not only can the little boy speak English well,but also he can speak French fluently.Not until his mother came back did he have supper.Neither could Tom.Never have I seen such a good movie.Seldom does she do anything important without asking her parents’ advice first.6.Well，so，often，such等放于句首时，主谓要倒装。

So loudly did he speak that everyone in the room heard him.Well did I know him and well did he know me.So fine was the weather that we all went out lying in the sun.7.As引导让步状语从句，须倒装，将需要强调的词提到as的前面。