长沙市各月的设计用气象参数、湖南省年太阳能辐照量分布区图、各地市经纬度参数表

UC 为其它因数引起的压降。

表1我国主要城市的辐射参数表 城市纬度①日辐射量Ht 最佳倾角①op 斜面日辐射量 修正系数Kop哈尔滨 45.68 12703 ① 3 15838 1.1400 长春 43.90 13572 沈阳 41.77 13793 北京 39.80 15261 天津 39.10 14356 ① 1 171271.1548 ① 1 16563 1.0671 ① 4 18035 1.0976① 5 16722 1.0692 呼和浩特 40.78 16574 ① 3 20075 1.1468 太原 37.78 15061 ① 5 17394 1.1005 乌鲁木齐 43.78 14464 ① 12 16594 1.0092 西宁 兰州 银川 西安 上海 南京 36.75 16777 36.05 14966 38.48 16553 34.30 12781 31.17 12760 32.00 13099 5 14207 1.0249合肥 杭州 南昌 福州 济南 郑州 武汉 长沙 31.85 12525 30.23 11668 28.67 13094 26.08 12001 36.68 14043 34.72 13332 30.63 13201 28.20 11377 ① 1 19617 1.1360 ① 8 15842 0.9489 ① 2 19615 1.1559 ①14 12952 0.9275 ① 3 13691 0.9900 ① 9 13299 0.9988 ① 3 12372 0.9362 ① 2 13714 0.8640① 4 12451 0.8978 ① 6 15994 1.0630 ① 7 14558 1.0476 ① 7 13707 0.9036 ① 6 115890.8028V。

其水平面太阳辐射数据参照表1,其水平面的年平均日辐射量为12110(kJ/m2),Kop值为0.885,最佳倾角为16.13，。

平面）电）（水平面）电）（水平面）佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）北京市北京市北京市116.439.9 4.32110.26122.9939° 5.2132.72148.04天津市天津市天津市117.239.12 4.37111.54124.4138° 5.21132.97148.33上海市上海市上海市121.4731.23 3.8197.24108.4726° 4.1104.64116.73重庆市重庆市重庆市106.5529.57 3.0678.1087.1219° 3.1780.9190.25石家庄市114.5238.05 4.29109.49122.1437° 5.06129.15144.06辛集市115.2237.92 4.3109.75122.4236° 5.02128.13142.92藁城市114.8338.03 4.29109.49122.1437° 5.06129.15144.06晋州市115.0338.03 4.33110.51123.2836° 5.08129.66144.63新乐市114.6838.35 4.29109.49122.1437° 5.08129.66144.63鹿泉市114.338.08 4.29109.49122.1437° 5.07129.40144.34唐山市118.239.63 4.36111.28124.1338° 5.24133.74149.18遵化市117.9540.18 4.44113.32126.4139° 5.38137.31153.17迁安市118.740.02 4.44113.32126.4139° 5.37137.06152.88河北省秦皇岛市秦皇岛市119.639.93 4.22107.71120.1437°5127.61142.35邯郸市114.4836.62 4.21107.45119.8635° 4.86124.04138.36武安市114.236.7 4.21107.45119.8635° 4.86124.04138.36邢台市114.4837.07 4.25108.47121.0035° 4.94126.08140.64南宫市115.3837.35 4.3109.75122.4235° 4.99127.36142.07沙河市114.536.85 4.21107.45119.8635° 4.87124.30138.65保定市115.4738.87 4.33110.51123.2837° 5.13130.93146.05涿州市115.9739.48 4.31110.00122.7138° 5.15131.44146.62定州市114.9738.52 4.29109.49122.1437° 5.09129.91144.91安国市115.3238.42 4.33110.51123.2837° 5.1130.17145.20高碑店市115.8539.33 4.31110.00122.7138° 5.14131.19146.34河北省张家口市张家口市114.8840.82 4.53115.62128.9739° 5.52140.89157.15河北省承德市承德市117.9340.97 4.44113.32126.4140° 5.44138.84154.88沧州市116.8338.3 4.33110.51123.2836° 5.09129.91144.91泊头市116.5738.07 4.33110.51123.2836° 5.05128.89143.77任丘市116.138.72 4.33110.51123.2837° 5.11130.42145.48黄骅市117.3538.37 4.32110.26122.9937° 5.1130.17145.20河间市116.0838.434.33110.51123.2837°5.1130.17145.20河北省保定市石家庄市唐山市邯郸市河北省河北省河北省沧州市河北省邢台市河北省平面）电）（水平面）电）（水平面）佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）廊坊市116.739.52 4.32110.26122.9938° 5.17131.95147.19霸州市116.439.1 4.32110.26122.9938° 5.15131.44146.62三河市117.0739.98 4.37111.54124.4139° 5.26134.25149.75衡水市115.6837.73 4.3109.75122.4236° 5.01127.87142.63冀州市115.5737.57 4.3109.75122.4235° 5.01127.87142.63深州市115.5538.02 4.33110.51123.2836° 5.08129.66144.63太原市112.5537.87 4.46113.83126.9837° 5.26134.25149.75古交市112.1737.92 4.46113.83126.9837° 5.26134.25149.75山西省大同市大同市113.340.08 4.56116.38129.8238° 5.48139.87156.02山西省阳泉市阳泉市113.5737.85 4.41112.56125.5536° 5.19132.46147.76长治市113.1236.2 4.34110.77123.5634° 4.99127.36142.07潞城市113.2236.33 4.34110.77123.5634°5127.61142.35晋城市112.8335.5 4.18106.69119.0033° 4.74120.98134.95高平市112.9235.8 4.18106.69119.0033° 4.76121.49135.52山西省朔州市朔州市112.4339.33 4.54115.87129.2538° 5.43138.59154.59晋中市112.7537.68 4.46113.83126.9836° 5.25134.00149.47介休市111.9237.03 4.46113.83126.9835° 5.18132.21147.47运城市110.9835.02 4.11104.90117.0132° 4.63118.17131.82河津市110.735.6 4.11104.90117.0133° 4.65118.68132.39忻州市112.7338.42 4.45113.58126.6937° 5.29135.02150.61原平市112.738.73 4.45113.58126.6938° 5.31135.53151.18临汾市111.5236.08 4.33110.51123.2834° 4.96126.59141.21侯马市111.3535.62 4.14105.67117.8733° 4.68119.45133.24霍州市111.7236.57 4.33110.51123.2834° 4.99127.36142.07吕梁市111.1337.52 4.46113.83126.9836° 5.21132.97148.33孝义市111.7737.15 4.46113.83126.9835° 5.19132.46147.76汾阳市111.7837.27 4.46113.83126.9835° 5.2132.72148.04内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市呼和浩特市111.7340.83 4.55116.13129.5439° 5.51140.63156.87内蒙古自治区包头市包头市109.8340.65 4.53115.62128.9739° 5.49140.12156.30内蒙古自治区乌海市乌海市106.8239.67 4.61117.66131.2538° 5.52140.89157.15内蒙古自治区赤峰市赤峰市118.9242.274.37111.54124.4140°5.38137.31153.17河北省河北省山西省山西省山西省运城市山西省忻州市山西省临汾市太原市晋城市山西省晋中市吕梁市廊坊市山西省长治市衡水市山西省平面）电）（水平面）电）（水平面）佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）通辽市122.2743.62 4.32110.26122.9942° 5.44138.84154.88霍林郭勒市119.6545.53 4.12105.15117.3042° 5.17131.95147.19内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市鄂尔多斯市109.839.62 4.61117.66131.2538° 5.53141.14157.44呼伦贝尔市119.7749.22 3.8498.01109.3240° 4.6117.41130.96满洲里市117.4549.58 3.8598.26109.6140° 4.64118.43132.10牙克石市120.7349.28 3.7495.46106.4839° 4.48114.34127.55扎兰屯市122.7547.98 3.95100.82112.4640° 4.74120.98134.95额尔古纳市120.1850.23 3.6893.92104.7741° 4.46113.83126.98根河市121.5250.78 3.6893.92104.7741° 4.49114.60127.83内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市巴彦淖尔市107.4240.75 4.51115.11128.4039° 5.47139.61155.73乌兰察布市113.1240.98 4.56116.38129.8239° 5.54141.40157.72丰镇市113.1540.43 4.56116.38129.8239° 5.5140.38156.59兴安盟122.0546.08 4.07103.88115.8738° 4.81122.77136.94乌兰浩特市122.0546.08 4.07103.88115.8738° 4.81122.77136.94阿尔山市119.9347.18 3.97101.33113.0338° 4.69119.70133.52锡林郭勒盟116.0743.95 4.34110.77123.5641° 5.36136.80152.60二连浩特市111.9843.65 4.56116.38129.8241° 5.72145.99162.85锡林浩特市116.0743.93 4.34110.77123.5641° 5.36136.80152.60内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟阿拉善盟105.6738.83 4.65118.68132.3937° 5.51140.63156.87沈阳市123.4341.8 4.18106.69119.0040° 5.11130.42145.48新民市122.8242 4.22107.71120.1440° 5.19132.46147.76大连市121.6238.92 4.57116.64130.1136° 5.37137.06152.88长海县122.5839.27 4.17106.43118.7239° 4.95126.34140.93瓦房店市12239.62 4.17106.43118.7238° 4.98127.10141.78普兰店市121.9539.4 4.42112.81125.8437° 5.23133.49148.90庄河市122.9839.7 4.17106.43118.7238° 4.98127.10141.78鞍山市122.9841.1 4.25108.47121.0040° 5.17131.95147.19海城市122.740.88 4.28109.24121.8539° 5.18132.21147.47辽宁省抚顺市抚顺市123.9841.88 4.18106.69119.0040° 5.12130.68145.77辽宁省本溪市本溪市123.7741.3 4.18106.69119.0039° 5.08129.66144.63丹东市124.3840.133.97101.33113.0339°4.77121.74135.80内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市辽宁省鞍山市辽宁省沈阳市辽宁省大连市内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟乌兰察布市内蒙古自治区兴安盟内蒙古自治区通辽市内蒙古自治区平面）电）（水平面）电）（水平面）佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）东港市124.1539.87 4.18106.69119.0039° 5.02128.13142.92凤城市124.0740.45 3.97101.33113.0339° 4.79122.26136.37锦州市121.1341.1 4.32110.26122.9939° 5.26134.25149.75黑山县122.1241.7 4.25108.47121.0042° 5.24133.74149.18义县121.2341.53 4.32110.26122.9942° 5.31135.53151.18凌海市121.3541.17 4.32110.26122.9940° 5.26134.25149.75营口市122.2340.67 4.28109.24121.8539° 5.17131.95147.19盖州市122.3540.4 4.28109.24121.8539° 5.15131.44146.62大石桥市122.540.65 4.28109.24121.8539° 5.17131.95147.19阜新市121.6742.02 4.2107.20119.5740° 5.13130.93146.05阜新蒙古族自治县121.7542.07 4.2107.20119.5742° 5.12130.68145.77彰武县122.5342.38 4.22107.71120.1442° 5.21132.97148.33辽阳市123.1741.27 4.18106.69119.0039° 5.08129.66144.63辽阳县123.0741.22 4.18106.69119.0041° 5.08129.66144.63灯塔市123.3341.42 4.18106.69119.0040° 5.09129.91144.91辽宁省盘锦市盘锦市122.0741.12 4.18106.69119.0039° 5.07129.40144.34铁岭市123.8342.28 4.17106.43118.7241° 5.14131.19146.34调兵山市123.5542.47 4.17106.43118.7241° 5.15131.44146.62开原市124.0342.55 4.08104.13116.1641° 5.03128.38143.20朝阳市120.4541.57 4.39112.05124.9840° 5.38137.31153.17朝阳县120.4741.58 4.39112.05124.9841° 5.34136.29152.03建平县119.6341.4 4.43113.07126.1242° 5.43138.59154.59北票市120.7741.8 4.39112.05124.9840° 5.39137.57153.45凌源市119.441.25 4.43113.07126.1240° 5.42138.33154.31葫芦岛市120.8340.72 4.31110.00122.7139° 5.23133.49148.90绥中县120.3340.32 4.31110.00122.7140° 5.21132.97148.33建昌县119.840.82 4.4112.30125.2742° 5.4137.82153.74兴城市120.7240.62 4.31110.00122.7139° 5.23133.49148.90长春市125.3243.9 4.06103.62115.5942° 5.07129.40144.34农安县125.1844.43 4.08104.13116.1644° 5.14131.19146.34九台市125.8344.154.08104.13116.1642°5.11130.42145.48吉林省长春市辽宁省朝阳市辽宁省葫芦岛市辽宁省辽阳市辽宁省铁岭市辽宁省锦州市辽宁省营口市辽宁省阜新市辽宁省丹东市平面）电）（水平面）电）（水平面）佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）榆树市126.5544.82 4.08104.13116.1643° 5.16131.70146.91德惠市125.744.53 4.08104.13116.1642° 5.14131.19146.34吉林市126.5543.83 3.97101.33113.0341° 4.93125.83140.36永吉县126.543.67 3.97101.33113.0344° 4.95126.34140.93蛟河市127.3343.72 3.92100.05111.6041° 4.85123.79138.08桦甸市126.7342.974102.09113.8841° 4.93125.83140.36舒兰市126.9544.424102.09113.8842°5127.61142.35磐石市126.0542.954102.09113.8841° 4.93125.83140.36四平市124.3543.17 4.13105.41117.5841° 5.14131.19146.34梨树县124.3343.32 4.13105.41117.5843° 5.14131.19146.34伊通满族自治县125.343.35 4.06103.62115.5943° 5.03128.38143.20公主岭市124.8243.5 4.13105.41117.5842° 5.16131.70146.91双辽市123.543.52 4.24108.22120.7142° 5.32135.78151.46辽源市125.1342.88 4.02102.60114.4541° 4.96126.59141.21东丰县125.5342.68 4.02102.60114.4543° 4.98127.10141.78东辽县12542.92 4.02102.60114.4544°5127.61142.35通化市125.9341.73 3.98101.58113.3140° 4.86124.04138.36梅河口市125.6842.53 4.02102.60114.4541° 4.94126.08140.64集安市126.1841.12 3.93100.31111.8939° 4.75121.23135.23白山市126.4241.93 3.93100.31111.8940° 4.8122.51136.66临江市126.941.8 3.93100.31111.8940° 4.79122.26136.37松原市124.8245.13 4.07103.88115.8743° 5.16131.70146.91长岭县123.9844.28 4.22107.71120.1444° 5.33136.04151.75乾安县124.0245.02 4.07103.88115.8745° 5.14131.19146.34扶余县126.0244.984102.09113.8845° 5.08129.66144.63白城市122.8345.62 4.07103.88115.8744° 5.2132.72148.04镇赉县123.245.85 4.17106.43118.7246° 5.38137.31153.17通榆县123.0844.82 4.22107.71120.1445° 5.4137.82153.74洮南市122.7845.33 4.07103.88115.8743° 5.18132.21147.47大安市124.2845.5 4.07103.88115.8743° 5.19132.46147.76延边朝鲜族自治州129.542.883.999.54111.0341°4.83123.28137.51吉林省通化市吉林省辽源市吉林省白山市吉林省白城市吉林省松原市吉林省吉林市吉林省四平市平面）电）（水平面）电）（水平面）佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）延吉市129.542.88 3.999.54111.0341° 4.83123.28137.51图们市129.8342.97 3.999.54111.0342° 4.83123.28137.51敦化市128.2343.37 3.8798.77110.1841° 4.79122.26136.37珲春市130.3742.87 3.8297.50108.7642° 4.74120.98134.95龙井市129.4242.77 3.999.54111.0341° 4.82123.02137.23和龙市12942.53 3.999.54111.0341° 4.8122.51136.66哈尔滨市126.5345.8 3.96101.07112.7446° 5.07129.40144.34依兰县129.5546.32 3.7996.73107.9047° 4.87124.30138.65方正县128.8345.83 3.8397.75109.0446° 4.89124.81139.22宾县127.4845.75 3.96101.07112.7446° 5.07129.40144.34巴彦县127.446.08 3.7595.71106.7646° 5.02128.13142.92木兰县128.0345.95 3.8397.75109.0447° 4.91125.32139.79通河县128.7545.97 3.8397.75109.0447° 4.91125.32139.79延寿县128.3345.45 3.8397.75109.0446° 4.84123.53137.79双城市126.3245.37 3.96101.07112.7445° 5.01127.87142.63尚志市127.9545.22 3.96101.07112.7445°5127.61142.35五常市127.1544.92 3.9199.79111.3245° 4.95126.34140.93齐齐哈尔市123.9547.33 3.95100.82112.4647° 5.13130.93146.05拜泉县126.0847.6 3.8899.03110.4648° 5.04128.64143.49龙江县123.1847.33 3.95100.82112.4647° 5.13130.93146.05依安县125.347.88 3.99101.84113.6048° 5.24133.74149.18泰来县123.4246.4 4.07103.88115.8746° 5.24133.74149.18甘南县123.547.92 3.95100.82112.4649° 5.21132.97148.33富裕县124.4747.82 3.99101.84113.6048° 5.23133.49148.90克山县125.8748.03 3.8598.26109.6147° 4.97126.85141.50克东县126.2548.03 3.7695.97107.05476° 4.87124.30138.65讷河市124.8748.48 3.8598.26109.6139° 4.61117.66131.25鸡西市130.9745.3 3.8598.26109.6143° 4.86124.04138.36虎林市132.9845.77 3.8197.24108.4743° 4.84123.53137.79密山市131.8745.55 3.8598.26109.6143° 4.88124.55138.93黑龙江省鹤岗市鹤岗市130.2747.333.7194.69105.6239°4.41112.56125.55黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市黑龙江省鸡西市吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州黑龙江省哈尔滨市平面）电）（水平面）电）（水平面）佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）黑龙江省双鸭山市双鸭山市131.1546.63 3.8297.50108.7638° 4.52115.36128.68大庆市125.0346.58 4.06103.62115.5938° 4.82123.02137.23肇州县125.2745.7 4.07103.88115.8746° 5.2132.72148.04肇源县125.0845.52 4.07103.88115.8745° 5.18132.21147.47林甸县124.8747.18 3.99101.84113.6047° 5.14131.19146.34杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县124.4546.87 4.06103.62115.5948° 5.28134.76150.32伊春市128.947.73 3.7595.71106.7649° 4.96126.59141.21嘉荫县130.3848.88 3.6593.16103.9249° 4.81122.77136.94铁力市128.0246.98 3.7996.73107.9048° 4.96126.59141.21佳木斯市130.3746.82 3.8297.50108.7638° 4.5114.85128.12同江市132.5247.65 3.7495.46106.4839° 4.45113.58126.69富锦市132.0347.25 3.7495.46106.4838° 4.43113.07126.12黑龙江省七台河市七台河市130.9545.78 3.8598.26109.6143° 4.9125.06139.50牡丹江市129.644.58 3.8598.26109.6142° 4.83123.28137.51绥芬河市131.1544.42 3.8999.28110.7543° 4.89124.81139.22海林市129.3844.57 3.8598.26109.6142° 4.83123.28137.51宁安市129.4744.35 3.8598.26109.6142° 4.82123.02137.23穆棱市130.5244.92 3.999.54111.0343° 4.94126.08140.64黑河市127.4850.25 3.6492.90103.6350° 4.89124.81139.22逊克县128.4749.58 3.6893.92104.7749° 4.86124.04138.36孙吴县127.3249.42 3.6893.92104.7748° 4.83123.28137.51北安市126.5248.23 3.7695.97107.0539° 4.48114.34127.55五大连池市126.248.52 3.7695.97107.0539° 4.5114.85128.12绥化市126.9846.63 3.95100.82112.4638° 4.68119.45133.24望奎县126.4846.83 3.95100.82112.4647° 5.09129.91144.91兰西县126.2846.27 3.95100.82112.4646° 5.04128.64143.49青冈县126.146.68 3.95100.82112.4647° 5.1130.17145.20庆安县127.5246.88 3.95100.82112.4647° 5.13130.93146.05明水县125.947.18 3.99101.84113.6047° 5.14131.19146.34绥棱县127.147.25 3.8899.03110.4647° 4.99127.36142.07安达市125.3346.44.06103.62115.5938°4.81122.77136.94黑龙江省牡丹江市黑龙江省黑河市黑龙江省伊春市黑龙江省佳木斯市黑龙江省绥化市黑龙江省大庆市平面）电）（水平面）电）（水平面）佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）肇东市125.9846.07 4.06103.62115.5938° 4.79122.26136.37海伦市126.9747.47 3.8899.03110.4639° 4.61117.66131.25大兴安岭地区124.1250.42 3.6593.16103.9241° 4.44113.32126.41呼玛县126.6551.73 3.6292.39103.0652° 4.99127.36142.07塔河县124.752.32 3.589.3399.6552° 4.84123.53137.79漠河县122.5352.97 3.4788.5698.7954° 4.94126.08140.64江苏省南京市南京市118.7832.07 3.1680.6589.9728° 3.3585.5095.37无锡市120.331.57 3.7996.73107.9027° 4.09104.39116.44宜兴市119.8231.35 3.7796.22107.3327° 4.07103.88115.87徐州市117.1834.27 4.12105.15117.3031° 4.59117.15130.68新沂市118.3534.38 4.17106.43118.7232° 4.68119.45133.24邳州市117.9534.32 4.12105.15117.3031° 4.6117.41130.96常州市119.9531.78 3.7796.22107.3327° 4.08104.13116.16溧阳市119.4831.42 3.7796.22107.3327° 4.07103.88115.87金坛市119.5731.75 3.7796.22107.3327° 4.08104.13116.16苏州市120.5831.3 3.7996.73107.9026° 4.08104.13116.16常熟市120.7531.65 3.7996.73107.9027° 4.09104.39116.44张家港市120.5531.87 3.7996.73107.9027° 4.09104.39116.44昆山市120.9831.38 3.7996.73107.9026° 4.08104.13116.16吴江市120.6331.17 3.7996.73107.9026° 4.08104.13116.16太仓市121.131.45 3.8197.24108.4726° 4.1104.64116.73南通市120.8831.98 3.7996.73107.9027° 4.1104.64116.73启东市121.6531.82 3.8197.24108.4726° 4.11104.90117.01如皋市120.5732.4 3.94100.56112.1728° 4.3109.75122.42通州市121.0732.08 3.96101.07112.7427° 4.28109.24121.85海门市121.1731.9 3.8197.24108.4727° 4.11104.90117.01连云港市119.2234.6 4.09104.39116.4432° 4.59117.15130.68赣榆县119.1234.83 4.09104.39116.4432° 4.6117.41130.96东海县118.7734.53 4.17106.43118.7232° 4.68119.45133.24灌云县119.2534.3 4.09104.39116.4431° 4.58116.90130.39灌南县119.3534.084.09104.39116.4431°4.57116.64130.11徐州市常州市苏州市南通市无锡市江苏省黑龙江省大兴安岭地区连云港市江苏省江苏省江苏省江苏省平面）电）（水平面）电）（水平面）佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）江苏省淮安市淮安市119.0233.62 4.02102.60114.4530° 4.46113.83126.98盐城市120.1533.35 4.02102.60114.4530° 4.45113.58126.69响水县119.5734.2 4.09104.39116.4431° 4.58116.90130.39东台市120.332.85 3.94100.56112.1729° 4.31110.00122.71大丰市120.4733.2 4.02102.60114.4530° 4.44113.32126.41扬州市119.432.4 3.8899.03110.4628° 4.24108.22120.71仪征市119.1832.27 3.8899.03110.4628° 4.24108.22120.71高邮市119.4332.78 3.8899.03110.4629° 4.25108.47121.00江都市119.5532.43 3.8899.03110.4628° 4.24108.22120.71镇江市119.4532.2 3.8899.03110.4628° 4.24108.22120.71丹阳市119.5732 3.8899.03110.4628° 4.23107.96120.43扬中市119.8232.23 3.8899.03110.4628° 4.24108.22120.71句容市119.1731.95 3.7796.22107.3327° 4.09104.39116.44泰州市119.9232.45 3.8899.03110.4629° 4.24108.22120.71兴化市119.8532.92 3.8899.03110.4629° 4.26108.73121.28靖江市120.2732.02 3.94100.56112.1728° 4.29109.49122.14泰兴市120.0232.17 3.94100.56112.1728° 4.29109.49122.14姜堰市120.1532.52 3.94100.56112.1728° 4.3109.75122.42江苏省宿迁市宿迁市118.2833.97 4.01102.35114.1631° 4.45113.58126.69杭州市120.1530.28 3.6994.18105.0525° 3.94100.56112.17建德市119.2829.48 3.5791.12101.6424° 3.7896.48107.62富阳市119.9530.05 3.6492.90103.6325° 3.8798.77110.18临安市119.7230.23 3.6492.90103.6325° 3.8899.03110.46宁波市121.5529.88 3.691.88102.4923° 3.896.99108.19余姚市121.1530.03 3.999.54111.0324° 4.15105.92118.15慈溪市121.2330.17 3.999.54111.0325° 4.16106.18118.44奉化市121.429.65 3.691.88102.4923° 3.896.99108.19温州市120.728 3.5991.63102.2122° 3.7695.97107.05瑞安市120.6327.78 3.5690.86101.3521° 3.7294.95105.91乐清市120.9528.13 3.5991.63102.2122° 3.7695.97107.05嘉兴市120.7530.753.6994.18105.0525°3.95100.82112.46盐城市扬州市镇江市泰州市杭州市宁波市温州市浙江省江苏省江苏省浙江省江苏省江苏省浙江省平面）电）（水平面）电）（水平面）佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）海宁市120.6830.53 3.6994.18105.0525° 3.94100.56112.17平湖市121.0230.7 3.999.54111.0325° 4.17106.43118.72桐乡市120.5730.63 3.6994.18105.0525° 3.95100.82112.46浙江省湖州市湖州市120.0830.9 3.6994.18105.0525° 3.95100.82112.46绍兴市120.5730 3.6994.18105.0525° 3.93100.31111.89诸暨市120.2329.72 3.6292.39103.0624° 3.8397.75109.04上虞市120.8730.03 3.6994.18105.0525° 3.93100.31111.89嵊州市120.8229.58 3.6292.39103.0623° 3.8397.75109.04金华市119.6529.08 3.5791.12101.6423° 3.7796.22107.33兰溪市119.4529.22 3.5791.12101.6424° 3.7896.48107.62义乌市120.0729.3 3.6292.39103.0623° 3.8297.50108.76东阳市120.2329.28 3.6292.39103.0623° 3.8297.50108.76永康市120.0328.9 3.5991.63102.2122° 3.7896.48107.62衢州市118.8728.93 3.5390.10100.5023° 3.7294.95105.91江山市118.6228.75 3.5390.10100.5023° 3.7294.95105.91浙江省舟山市舟山市122.230 3.93100.31111.8925° 4.17106.43118.72台州市121.4328.68 3.5991.63102.2122° 3.7896.48107.62温岭市121.3728.37 3.5991.63102.2122° 3.7796.22107.33临海市121.1228.85 3.5991.63102.2122° 3.7896.48107.62丽水市119.9228.45 3.5490.35100.7823° 3.7294.95105.91龙泉市119.1328.08 3.5490.35100.7822° 3.7294.95105.91安徽省合肥市合肥市117.2531.83 3.794.43105.3427°4102.09113.88安徽省芜湖市芜湖市118.3831.33 3.7595.71106.7626° 4.04103.11115.02安徽省蚌埠市蚌埠市117.3832.92 3.8999.28110.7529° 4.26108.73121.28安徽省淮南市淮南市11732.63 3.8999.28110.7528° 4.25108.47121.00安徽省马鞍山市马鞍山市118.531.7 3.7595.71106.7627° 4.05103.37115.30安徽省淮北市淮北市116.833.95 4.05103.37115.3030° 4.49114.60127.83安徽省铜陵市铜陵市117.8230.93 3.6693.41104.2026° 3.92100.05111.60安庆市117.0530.53 3.6693.41104.2025° 3.9199.79111.32桐城市116.9531.05 3.6793.67104.4826° 3.94100.56112.17安徽省黄山市黄山市118.3329.723.5490.35100.7824°3.7796.22107.33嘉兴市绍兴市浙江省安庆市浙江省金华市衢州市安徽省浙江省浙江省浙江省浙江省台州市丽水市平面）电）（水平面）电）（水平面）佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）滁州市118.3232.3 3.8899.03110.4628° 4.24108.22120.71天长市11932.7 3.8899.03110.4629° 4.25108.47121.00明光市117.9832.78 3.8999.28110.7528° 4.25108.47121.00安徽省阜阳市阜阳市115.8232.9 3.8798.77110.1828° 4.22107.71120.14安徽省宿州市宿州市116.9833.63 4.05103.37115.3030° 4.48114.34127.55安徽省巢湖市巢湖市117.8731.6 3.794.43105.3427° 3.99101.84113.60安徽省六安市六安市116.531.77 3.6793.67104.4839° 3.96101.07112.74安徽省亳州市亳州市115.7833.85 4.01102.35114.1630° 4.43113.07126.12安徽省池州市池州市117.4830.67 3.6693.41104.2025° 3.92100.05111.60宣城市118.7530.95 3.6192.14102.7826° 3.8798.77110.18宁国市118.9830.63 3.6192.14102.7825° 3.8698.52109.89福州市119.326.08 3.5590.61101.0719° 3.6893.92104.77福清市119.3825.72 3.6492.90103.6319° 3.7796.22107.33长乐市119.5225.97 3.6492.90103.6319° 3.7796.22107.33福建省厦门市厦门市118.0824.48 4.02102.60114.4520° 4.2107.20119.57福建省莆田市莆田市11925.43 3.6492.90103.6318° 3.7695.97107.05三明市117.6226.27 3.5189.5999.9320° 3.6593.16103.92永安市117.3725.98 3.6392.65103.3521° 3.7996.73107.90泉州市118.6724.88 4.02102.60114.4521° 4.21107.45119.86石狮市118.6524.73 4.02102.60114.4520° 4.21107.45119.86晋江市118.5824.82 4.02102.60114.4521° 4.21107.45119.86南安市118.3824.97 4.02102.60114.4521° 4.21107.45119.86漳州市117.6524.52 3.7395.20106.1921° 3.999.54111.03龙海市117.8224.45 3.7395.20106.1921° 3.999.54111.03南平市118.1726.65 3.6793.67104.4821° 3.8397.75109.04邵武市117.4827.37 3.4688.3198.5122° 3.6192.14102.78武夷山市118.0327.77 3.589.3399.6522° 3.6893.92104.77建瓯市118.3227.03 3.589.3399.6521° 3.6793.67104.48建阳市118.1227.33 3.589.3399.6522° 3.6793.67104.48龙岩市117.0325.1 3.6392.65103.3520° 3.7896.48107.62漳平市117.4225.33.6392.65103.3520°3.7896.48107.62福建省福建省龙岩市滁州市福建省三明市福建省泉州市安徽省宣城市福建省福州市安徽省漳州市福建省南平市平面）电）（水平面）电）（水平面）佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）宁德市119.5226.67 3.5590.61101.0720° 3.6994.18105.05福安市119.6527.08 3.691.88102.4921° 3.7896.48107.62福鼎市120.2227.33 3.5690.86101.3521° 3.7294.95105.91江西省南昌市南昌市115.8528.68 3.4487.8097.9422° 3.6292.39103.06景德镇市117.1729.27 3.6192.14102.7824° 3.8397.75109.04乐平市117.1228.97 3.5891.37101.9223° 3.7896.48107.62江西省萍乡市萍乡市113.8527.63 3.3485.2595.0919° 3.4788.5698.79九江市11629.7 3.6192.14102.7824° 3.8397.75109.04瑞昌市115.6729.68 3.589.3399.6524° 3.794.43105.34江西省新余市新余市114.9227.82 3.3585.5095.3720° 3.4989.0899.36鹰潭市117.0728.27 3.5891.37101.9222° 3.7796.22107.33贵溪市117.2228.28 3.5891.37101.9222° 3.7796.22107.33赣州市114.9325.83 3.4287.2997.3720° 3.5690.86101.35瑞金市116.0325.88 3.5891.37101.9220° 3.7395.20106.19南康市114.7525.65 3.4287.2997.3720° 3.5690.86101.35吉安市114.9827.12 3.3585.5095.3720° 3.4888.8299.08井冈山市114.2726.72 3.3384.9994.8120° 3.4688.3198.51宜春市114.3827.8 3.3585.5095.3720° 3.4989.0899.36丰城市115.7828.2 3.4487.8097.9422° 3.6192.14102.78樟树市115.5328.07 3.4487.8097.9422° 3.6192.14102.78高安市115.3728.42 3.4487.8097.9422° 3.6292.39103.06江西省抚州市抚州市116.3528 3.6292.39103.0622° 3.896.99108.19上饶市117.9728.45 3.5891.37101.9222° 3.7796.22107.33德兴市117.5728.95 3.5891.37101.9223° 3.7896.48107.62济南市116.9836.67 4.3109.75122.4234° 4.94126.08140.64商河县117.1537.32 4.33110.51123.2835° 5.03128.38143.20章丘市117.5336.72 4.29109.49122.1434° 4.94126.08140.64青岛市120.3836.07 4.23107.96120.4334° 4.83123.28137.51胶州市120.0336.27 4.23107.96120.4334° 4.84123.53137.79即墨市120.4536.38 4.23107.96120.4334° 4.85123.79138.08平度市119.9536.784.25108.47121.0035°4.9125.06139.50山东省青岛市江西省上饶市山东省济南市江西省吉安市江西省宜春市江西省鹰潭市江西省赣州市江西省景德镇市江西省九江市福建省宁德市平面）电）（水平面）电）（水平面）佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）胶南市120.0335.87 4.33110.51123.2833° 4.92125.57140.07莱西市120.536.87 4.23107.96120.4335° 4.87124.30138.65淄博市118.0536.82 4.27108.98121.5735° 4.92125.57140.07桓台县118.0836.97 4.27108.98121.5735° 4.93125.83140.36高青县117.8237.17 4.33110.51123.2835° 5.02128.13142.92沂源县118.1736.18 4.27108.98121.5734° 4.89124.81139.22枣庄市117.3234.82 4.12105.15117.3032° 4.62117.92131.53滕州市117.1535.08 4.26108.73121.2833° 4.83123.28137.51山东省东营市东营市118.6737.43 4.29109.49122.1435° 4.99127.36142.07烟台市121.4337.45 4.31110.00122.7134° 4.97126.85141.50龙口市120.5237.65 4.33110.51123.2835° 5.01127.87142.63莱阳市120.736.98 4.23107.96120.4335° 4.88124.55138.93莱州市119.9337.18 4.34110.77123.5634° 4.98127.10141.78蓬莱市120.7537.82 4.33110.51123.2835° 5.02128.13142.92招远市120.437.37 4.33110.51123.2834° 4.99127.36142.07栖霞市120.8337.3 4.33110.51123.2834° 4.99127.36142.07海阳市121.1536.78 4.23107.96120.4334° 4.82123.02137.23潍坊市119.1536.7 4.25108.47121.0034° 4.9125.06139.50青州市118.4736.68 4.27108.98121.5734° 4.92125.57140.07诸城市119.436 4.25108.47121.0034° 4.87124.30138.65寿光市118.7336.88 4.27108.98121.5735° 4.93125.83140.36安丘市119.236.43 4.25108.47121.0034° 4.89124.81139.22高密市119.7536.38 4.25108.47121.0034° 4.88124.55138.93昌邑市119.436.87 4.25108.47121.0035° 4.91125.32139.79济宁市116.5835.42 4.21107.45119.8633° 4.76121.49135.52汶上县116.4835.73 4.21107.45119.8633° 4.76121.49135.52曲阜市116.9835.58 4.21107.45119.8633° 4.76121.49135.52兖州市116.8335.55 4.21107.45119.8633° 4.76121.49135.52邹城市116.9735.4 4.21107.45119.8632° 4.76121.49135.52泰安市117.0836.2 4.29109.49122.1434° 4.91125.32139.79新泰市117.7735.924.26108.73121.2833°4.86124.04138.36山东省潍坊市山东省济宁市山东省枣庄市山东省烟台市山东省淄博市山东省泰安市平面）电）（水平面）电）（水平面）佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）肥城市116.7736.18 4.3109.75122.4234° 4.91125.32139.79威海市122.1237.52 4.4112.30125.2734° 5.07129.40144.34文登市122.0537.2 4.4112.30125.2734° 5.05128.89143.77荣成市122.4237.17 4.4112.30125.2734° 5.05128.89143.77乳山市121.5336.92 4.23107.96120.4333° 4.8122.51136.66山东省日照市日照市119.5235.42 4.16106.18118.4433° 4.17106.43118.72山东省莱芜市莱芜市117.6736.22 4.29109.49122.1434° 4.91125.32139.79山东省临沂市临沂市118.3535.05 4.24108.22120.7133° 4.8122.51136.66德州市116.337.45 4.32110.26122.9935° 5.02128.13142.92乐陵市117.2337.73 4.33110.51123.2836° 5.05128.89143.77禹城市116.6336.93 4.3109.75122.4234° 4.95126.34140.93聊城市115.9836.45 4.27108.98121.5734° 4.89124.81139.22临清市115.736.85 4.27108.98121.5734° 4.91125.32139.79山东省滨州市滨州市117.9737.38 4.33110.51123.2835° 5.04128.64143.49山东省牡丹区牡丹区115.4335.25 4.2107.20119.5732° 4.74120.98134.95郑州市113.6234.75 4.02102.60114.4531° 4.49114.60127.83巩义市112.9834.77 3.95100.82112.4631° 4.41112.56125.55荥阳市113.434.78 4.02102.60114.4531° 4.49114.60127.83新密市113.3834.53 4.02102.60114.4531° 4.48114.34127.55新郑市113.7334.4 4.02102.60114.4531° 4.47114.09127.26登封市113.0334.47 4.02102.60114.4531° 4.48114.34127.55河南省开封市开封市114.334.8 4.07103.88115.8731° 4.55116.13129.54洛阳市112.4534.62 3.95100.82112.4631° 4.4112.30125.27偃师市112.7834.73 3.95100.82112.4631° 4.4112.30125.27平顶山市113.1833.77 3.999.54111.0329° 4.29109.49122.14舞钢市113.5233.3 3.999.54111.0329° 4.27108.98121.57汝州市112.8334.17 3.95100.82112.4631° 4.38111.79124.70安阳市114.3836.1 4.21107.45119.8634° 4.83123.28137.51林州市113.8236.07 4.34110.77123.5634° 4.99127.36142.07河南省鹤壁市鹤壁市114.2835.75 4.14105.67117.8733° 4.69119.70133.52新乡市113.935.34.15105.92118.1532°4.69119.70133.52河南省平顶山市河南省安阳市山东省威海市河南省郑州市河南省洛阳市山东省德州市山东省聊城市平面）电）（水平面）电）（水平面）佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）电）（最佳倾角）卫辉市114.0735.4 4.14105.67117.8732° 4.68119.45133.24辉县市113.835.47 4.15105.92118.1533° 4.7119.96133.81焦作市113.2535.22 4.15105.92118.1532° 4.69119.70133.52济源市112.5835.07 4.18106.69119.0032° 4.72120.47134.38沁阳市112.9335.08 4.18106.69119.0032° 4.72120.47134.38孟州市112.7834.9 3.95100.82112.4632° 4.41112.56125.55河南省濮阳市濮阳市115.0335.77 4.02102.60114.4533° 4.77121.74135.80许昌市113.8534.03 4.02102.60114.4530° 4.46113.83126.98长葛市113.7734.22 4.02102.60114.4531° 4.47114.09127.26漯河市114.0233.58 3.98101.58113.3129° 4.38111.79124.70舞阳县113.633.43 3.999.54111.0329° 4.27108.98121.57三门峡市111.234.78 3.99101.84113.6031° 4.44113.32126.41义马市111.8734.75 3.99101.84113.6031° 4.44113.32126.41灵宝市110.8734.52 3.98101.58113.3131° 4.43113.07126.12南阳市112.5233 3.896.99108.1929° 4.17106.43118.72邓州市112.0832.68 3.7595.71106.7628° 4.07103.88115.87商丘市115.6534.45 4.1104.64116.7331° 4.57116.64130.11永城市116.4333.92 4.05103.37115.3030° 4.49114.60127.83河南省信阳市信阳市114.0732.13 3.8397.75109.0427° 4.14105.67117.87周口市114.6533.62 3.98101.58113.3129° 4.38111.79124.70项城市114.933.45 3.98101.58113.3129° 4.37111.54124.41河南省驻马店市驻马店市114.0232.98 3.8397.75109.0428° 4.17106.43118.72湖北省武汉市武汉市114.330.6 3.6793.67104.4825° 3.9199.79111.32黄石市115.0330.2 3.6793.67104.4824° 3.9199.79111.32大冶市114.9730.1 3.6793.67104.4824° 3.999.54111.03十堰市110.7832.65 3.6192.14102.7827° 3.999.54111.03丹江口市111.5232.55 3.6192.14102.7827° 3.999.54111.03宜昌市111.2830.7 3.3685.7695.6623° 3.5590.61101.07宜都市111.4530.4 3.3685.7695.6623° 3.5490.35100.78当阳市111.7830.82 3.3685.7695.6624° 3.5590.61101.07枝江市111.7730.433.3685.7695.6623°3.5490.35100.78湖北省十堰市湖北省宜昌市河南省三门峡市河南省漯河市河南省周口市湖北省黄石市河南省南阳市河南省商丘市河南省新乡市河南省焦作市河南省许昌市。

全国各地主要城市日照辐射参数表及修正方法2010-12-06 09:46:32| 分类：能源环保 | 标签： |字号大中小订阅经过光伏工作者们坚持不懈的努力，太阳能电池的生产技术不断得到提高，并且日益广泛地应用于各个领域。

特别是邮电通信方面，由于近年来通信行业的迅猛发展，对通信电源的要求也越来越高，所以稳定可靠的太阳能电源被广泛使用于通信领域。

而如何根据各地区太阳能辐射条件，来设计出既经济而又可靠的光伏电源系统，这是众多专家学者研究已久的课题，而且已有许多卓越的研究成果，为我国光伏事业的发展奠定了坚实的基础。

笔者在学习各专家的设计方法时发现，这些设计仅考虑了蓄电池的自维持时间（即最长连续阴雨天），而没有考虑到亏电后的蓄电池最短恢复时间（即两组最长连续阴雨天之间的最短间隔天数）。

这个问题尤其在我国南方地区应引起高度重视，因为我国南方地区阴雨天既长又多，而对于方便适用的独立光伏电源系统，由于没有应急的其他电源保护备用，所以应该将此问题纳入设计中一起考虑。

本文综合以往各设计方法的优点，结合笔者多年来实际从事光伏电源系统设计工作的经验，引入两组最长连续阴雨天之间的最短间隔天数作为设计的依据之一，并综合考虑了各种影响太阳能辐射条件的因素，提出了太阳能电池、蓄电池容量的计算公式，及相关设计方法。

2 影响设计的诸多因素太阳照在地面太阳能电池方阵上的辐射光的光谱、光强受到大气层厚度（即大气质量）、地理位置、所在地的气候和气象、地形地物等的影响，其能量在一日、一月和一年内都有很大的变化，甚至各年之间的每年总辐射量也有较大的差别。

太阳能电池方阵的光电转换效率，受到电池本身的温度、太阳光强和蓄电池电压浮动的影响，而这三者在一天内都会发生变化，所以太阳能电池方阵的光电转换效率也是变量。

蓄电池组也是工作在浮充电状态下的，其电压随方阵发电量和负载用电量的变化而变化。

蓄电池提供的能量还受环境温度的影响。

太阳能电池充放电控制器由电子元器件制造而成，它本身也需要耗能，而使用的元器件的性能、质量等也关系到耗能的大小，从而影响到充电的效率等。

2023年湖南省长沙市中考地理真题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、选择题组2023年是中国载人航天20周年。

北京时间5月30日9点31分，神舟十六号成功发射，标志着中国空间站进入应用与发展新阶段。

据此，完成下面小题。

1．中国空间站距离地面高度400多千米，其在轨运行绕转中心是（）A．地球B．月球C．北极星D．火星2．神舟十六号成功发射时，位于智利首都圣地亚哥（四五区）的测控站正值夜晚。

这是因为（）A．纬度差异B．气候差异C．地球公转D．地球自转2022年11月15日为世界80亿人口日。

与2021年相比，2022年中国人口总数减少了85万。

读图1、图2，完成下面小题。

3．1830年以来，世界人口每增加10亿，所需时间总体来说（）A．越来越长B．越来越短C．保持不变D．先短后长4．2012～2022年，中国人口总数最多的年份是（）A．2014年B．2016年C．2021年D．2022年5．2022年，中国人口近61年来首次出现负增长。

为此，可采取的措施有（）①适当鼓励生育①均衡人口分布①降低生育成本①提倡晚婚晚育A．①①B．①①C．①①D．①①通过温室栽培，南极科考队员吃上了亲手栽种的新鲜蔬菜。

下图示意南极智慧温室大棚。

读图，完成下面小题。

6．南极智慧温室大棚有效改善了当地蔬菜种植的主要不利条件是（）A．热量不足B．降水不足C．地形崎岖D．光照不足7．南极智慧温室大棚底部架空，其目的是（）A．防暴雨洪水进入B．防大风积雪掩埋C．防紫外线辐射D．放置生产农具当前，新能源纯电动汽车的直接动力来源主要是锂电池。

一般来说，锂电池的最佳工作温度为20～30℃，当温度低于0℃时，锂电池的容量和输出功率都会明显下降，当温度超过40℃时，锂电池的寿命和安全性也会受到影响。

据此，完成下面小题。

8．根据锂电池工作温度的要求，受气候影响下列国家最不利于推广纯电动汽车的是（）A．英国B．法国C．美国D．俄罗斯9．比亚迪是我国最大的新能源汽车生产商，其泰国工厂预计2024年开始运营，年产量约15万辆，销售市场面向泰国及周边东南亚国家，该区域生产和销售新能源汽车的优势是（）A．都是发达国家，购买力强B．人口众多，市场需求大C．技术先进，利于汽车研发D．物产丰富，棕油产量大10．我国大力发展新能源汽车，主要考虑（）①对石油进口依赖日趋增大①对碳达峰、碳中和的国际承诺①促进石油化学工业的发展①减轻道路拥堵，保障交通畅通A．①①B．①①C．①①D．①①2023年“五一”假期，“90后”小伙柟多多的旅行打卡震撼了无数人。

专家学者研究已久的课题，而且已有许多卓越的研究成果，为我国光伏事业的发展奠定了坚实的基础。

笔者在学习各专家的设计方法时发现，这些设计仅考虑了蓄电池的自维持时间（即最长连续阴雨天），而没有考虑到亏电后的蓄电池最短恢复时间（即两组最长连续阴雨天之间的最短间隔天数）。

这个问题尤其在我国南方地区应引起高度重视，因为我国南方地区阴雨天既长又多，而对于方便适用的独立光伏电源系统，由于没有应急的其他电源保护备用，所以应该将此问题纳入设计中一起考虑。

本文综合以往各设计方法的优点，结合笔者多年来实际从事光伏电源系统设计工作的经验，引入两组最长连续阴雨天之间的最短间隔天数作为设计的依据之一，并综合考虑了各种影响太阳能辐射条件的因素，提出了太阳能电池、蓄电池容量的计算公式，及相关设计方法。

2影响设计的诸多因素太阳照在地面太阳能电池方阵上的辐射光的光谱、光强受到大气层厚度（即大气质量）、地理位置、所在地的气候和气象、地形地物等的影响，其能量在一日、一月和一年内都有很大的变化，甚至各年之间的每年总辐射量也有较大的差别。

太阳能电池方阵的光电转换效率，受到电池本身的温度、太阳光强和蓄电池电压浮动的影响，而这三者在一天内都会发生变化，所以太阳能电池方阵的光电转换效率也是变量。

蓄电池组也是工作在浮充电状态下的，其电压随方阵发电量和负载用电量的变化而变化。

蓄电池提供的能量还受环境温度的影响。

太阳能电池充放电控制器由电子元器件制造而成，它本身也需要耗能，3蓄电池组容量设计太阳能电池电源系统的储能装置主要是蓄电池。

与太阳能电池方阵配套的蓄电池通常工作在浮充状态下，其电压随方阵发电量和负载用电量的变化而变化。

它的容量比负载所需的电量大得多。

蓄电池提供的能量还受环境温度的影响。

为了与太阳能电池匹配，要求蓄电池工作寿命长且维护简单。

太阳能电池组件按一定数目串联起来，就可获得所需要的工作电压，但是，太阳能电池组件的串联数必须适当。

串联数太少，串联电压低于蓄电池浮充电压，方阵就不能对蓄电池充电。

湖南属于华中地区。

属于大陆性季风气候。

长沙今日天气（2009年7月17日）最高温：39℃<br>最低温：30℃<br>风向：南风&nbsp; 天气：晴<br><table cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=150 border=0><tbody><tr><td colSpan=2>风力：小于3级</td></tr><tr><td colSpan=2>舒适度：极不舒适</td></tr><tr><td colSpan=2>紫外线强度：很强</td></tr></tbody></table>长沙所处的地理位置和地形地貌使长沙一带乃至整个湘中的气候都较为特殊。

影响长沙气候的原因主要有3个：一是长沙位于我国东南部，属世界著名的季风气候区，由于受季风影响，季节变化很明显，冬冷夏热；二是长沙位于我国地势的第三梯级，距海较远，地形以平原、丘陵为主，因此冬冷夏热的大陆性气候特征较明显；三是长沙所处的湘中地区，由于地质时代的升降运动，造成南高北低的地势，特别是其南有五岭，东有幕阜山，西有雪峰山，北为洞庭湖区，使其地形为一向北开口的马蹄形，阻隔了东、南海洋委风的调节，使冬寒夏炎的特征尤为显著。

长沙地区气候的特点是：冬寒夏热，四季分明；春秋短促，冬夏绵长，充分体现了亚热带大陆性委风气候类型的共同特点。

春季：气候特点一是增温迅速，气温变化大。

“春来一日水热三分”是长沙老幼皆知的谚语。

从3月平均所温10℃至5月平均气温22℃，仅两个月时间气温升高12℃，平均每月升高6-7℃。

同时，不但升温快，而且变化大，如4月份的气温，据30年的统计资料，月平均气温最低为13.6℃，最高为21.1℃，相差近8℃之多。