Unit 2 Participles Voice
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Unit 2.Participles/voice
分词/语态
A．participles
1. Present Participles
1) 构成进行时
The world is trying
to stop global warming.
Violence on television is increasing juvenile ['dʒʊvənɪl]delinquency.
分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词
注意：动名词和现在分词虽然形式一样,但从本身词性来说,动名词顾名思义,属名词词性,所以在句中要充当名词能作的成分,常作主语/宾语/定语/表语.
现在分词(表主动/进行),属形容词词性,充当形容词能作的成分,常作表语/定语/状语/补语.
所以可以从-ing形式作的成分来确定它是动名词还是现在分词.如果-ing形式是作主语/宾语的,那肯定就是动名词了.如果是作状语/补语,那肯定是现在分词.
至于动名词和现在分词都可以作的成分定语/表语,需要具体去区别.作定语时的区别:
现在分词表示主动/进行,作定语时表示与被修饰词是主动关系.
动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途.
2) 做形容词时表主动含义
We should protect every living creature.
Not all television programs are interesting.
2. Past Participles
1) 构成完成时
We have experienced a great deal of stress in our daily lives.
Before the airplane was invented, people had thought that only birds could
fly.
2) 作形容词时表被动含义
Highly educated people may get better jobs than others.
Some parents are never satisfied with their children’s grades.(被满足) 总结：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”
3. Participle Clauses
1) 种类
分词短语作状语表示时间、原因、条件、让步和伴随状态。
Travelling in other countries, you should follow their customs.( = When you
travel…)
Being easily affected by the media, children should not watch television
without their parents.(= Because they are…)
Studying with a group , you will get distracted easily.(= If you study…)
Hating electronic waves, I spend a lot of time in front of my computer.(=
Though I hate…)
Wearing her glasses, my grandmother was reading a book.(= With her
glasses on…)
2) 要注意的用法
Getting hotter, people plan outdoor activities.(×)（人不能变热）
With the weather getting hotter, people plan outdoor activities.(= As the
weather gets…)
Exploring outer space , we should solve the environmental problems on
Earth.( ×)（直接翻译就是我们探索外太空，我们要解决环境问题，明显意思不对，时间上应该有先后，所以前面要加before）
Before exploring outer space, we should solve the environmental
problems on Earth.(= Before we explore…)
3) 作为惯用语使用的分词短语
Generally speaking, people with good eating habits do not frequently get
sick.
Judging from my experience , some movies are not worth watching.
Compared with nonfiction, fiction is more fun to read.
B. Voice（语态）
1.
The Active and Passive Voice
A lot of people saw the movie. (主动)
施动者 行为 对象
The movie was seen by a lot of people. (被动)
对象 行为 施动者
Deforestation accelerates global warming.
Global warming is accelerated by deforestation.
Teacher should teach their students to follow the school rules.
Students should be taught to follow the school rules by their reachers.
Students should submit their homework on time.
Homework should be submitted on time(by students).
2. When to Use the Passive Voice
1) 与施动者相比行为或者对象更重要的时候
Our environment should be protected (by us).
Children should be taught (by their parents) to take responsibility for their
actions.
2) 施动者不确定或者有意隐瞒的时候
Nobody is allowed (by hospital authorities) to use a mobile phone in the
hospital.
Many soldiers were killed in the war (by other soldiers).
3) 进行客观叙述的时候
It
was found in some research that children tend to imitate the parent
who is the same sex.
The sample was collected from the water, and the number of germs was
counted.
Check-Up
A Fill in each blank with the correct form of the given verb.
1. I found documentaries .(bore)
我发现纪录片很枯燥。
2. There is a heavy rain in the countryside. (fall)
乡村正下着大雨。
3. Some students to participate in extracurricular activities.(require) 一些学生被要求参加课外活动。
4. People other’s secrets are trustworthy. (keep)
保守他人秘密的人是可以信赖的。
5. South Korea rapidly since the Korean War .(develop)
朝鲜战争后，韩国迅速发展。
6. Parents are now that there is too much violence on
television.(complain)
家长们现在都在抱怨电视节目中暴力太多。
7. We should have the food shortage.(prevent)
我们本应避免失误短缺。
8. Adolescents on television are often rebellious.(show)
电视节目中的青少年通常很叛逆。
9. The greenhouse effect will many countries in danger.(put)
温室效应将会使许多国家面临危险。
10. Plastic bottles should .(recycle)
塑料瓶应该回收利用。
11. Every person a knack for something.(have)
每个人都有一技之长。
12. Ten years ago, public transportation more frequently than
nowadays.(use)
十年前， 公共交通工具比现在使用得更频繁。
B
Correct the errors in the following sentences. Some sentences have no errors.
1. Usually, people live in rural areas are friendly.
