高中英语必修一Unit1语法精讲：直接引语变间接引语.ppt

eg."What do you call your dairy?" Anne's sister asked her. → Anne's sister asked her what she called her dairy.
Exercise
Ⅰ单项选择 1. He asked _______ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me _______. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film
f.一般将来时→过去将来时 eg. Tina said, "He will go to see his friend." →Tina said he would go to see his friend. 注:在以下几种情况下，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化： ①直接引语是客观真理 eg. He said, "Light travels much faster than sound." →He said light travels much faster than sound. ②直接引语是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作 eg. He said, "I get up at six every morning." →He said he gets up at six every morning. ③直接引语中的情态动词没有过去式（ought to/had better/used to...）或 者已经是过去式（could/should/would/might...） eg. Peter said, "You had better come here today." → Peter said I had better come there that day.

He said, “ Where there is a will,there is a way. ” He said that where there is a will,there is a way.


He said, “The plane takes off at 6:30 am.”

He said that the plane takes off at 6:30 am.
tomorrow
last week/month…
next week/month… the following/ next week/month.. there here
She said to me,”I lived there five years ago.” She told me she had lived there five years before. She said to me,”I will see her next week.” She told me she would see her the next week.
一般过去时
过去完成进行时
过去完成时
直接引语变间接引语时态不变的情况
当直接引语是客观真理时。
当直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状 语时。 当直接引语是过去完成时态时。 当主句谓语动词是一般现在时、现在完成时、一般 将来时态时。
当直接引语表示的是谚语或名人名言时。
当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。
He said that he liked it very much. He said to me,“I’ve left my book in your room.”
He told me that he had left his book in my room.

❖ （二）转换方法： ❖ A. 直接引语是陈述句时，改成间接引语要作人称、
时态、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词、动词、呼 语等方面的变化。 ❖ 1. 人称的变化，包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代 词等。
❖ He said , “ I’ve left my book in your room . ” ❖ 他说：“我把我的书落在了你的房间。”
❖ （1）They said , “ we are having an exam now . ” 他们说， “我们正在考试。”
❖ They said that they were having an exam then . 他们说 那时他们正在考试。
❖ （2）John told me , “ About 5,000 people went to the concert yesterday . ”
❖ ▲ 没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语。 如me，him等。
❖▲ 从句用陈述语序。 ❖eg .（1）He said , “ Do you
understand ? ” ❖他问，“你理解吗？”
❖ He asked me if / whether I understood .
❖他问我是否我理解了。
❖ （2）He asked me , “ Which part of China impresses you most ? ”
❖ （3）tonight→that night （4）this week→that week
❖ （5）yesterday→the day before （6）yesterday evening→the evening before
❖ （7）last week→the week before （8）three days ago→three days before

ng carefully when my car hit the tree.”He told the police.

He told the police that he had been driving carefully when his car hit the tree.”He told the police.

She said,“They had left when I arrived there. ” She said they had left when she arrived there.

She says, “Miss liu is good at English.”
She says Miss liu is good at English.
He said that he liked it very much. He said to me,“I’ve left my book in your room.”
He told me that he had left his book in my room.
直接引语中的状语
间接引语中的状语
状 语 变 化
He said that the earth goes around the sun．
Mr. Wang said, “I was born in China in September,1972. ”
Mr. Wang said he was born in China in September,1972.
直接引语为疑问句时变间接引语的句型变化：
直接引语为疑问句时，变为间接引语时除注意在人称、 时态和状语等方面相应变化外，还应注意：
• 间接引语应改为陈述语序。 • 特殊疑问句的疑问词应保留。

He asked me
“What do you think of the film?” She asked her friend.
She asked her friend
which room
I
lived in
what
she
thought of
the film
.பைடு நூலகம்
.
3.直接引语是选择疑问句,变间接引语时, 引导词: whether/if …or 语序：陈述句语序 句尾标点：随主句标点
4. Where are you going for vacation, Tony? I asked Tony 5. Do you remember his birthday? She asked 6. “What can I do for you?” he asked me. He asked me 7. “Are you interested in English?” he said. He asked
He told us,“I want this blue one.”
He told us ____________________________.
She said to me, “You can’t do anything now.”
She told me ____________________________.
I was/am
his
was
1. Mary asked, “Could you help me cook dinner?” Mary asked me 2. He asked, “Why are you so late for school, Jimmy?” He asked Jimmy 3. Will you tell me the answer to this question? She asked

Mr. Wang said he was born in China in September,1972.

She said,“They had left when I arrived there. ” She said they had left when she arrived there.
He told me that he had left his book in my room.
一随主，二随宾，第三人称不变
直接引语中的状语
间接引语中的状语
状 语 变 化
now ago
then before/earlier that day that morning/week…… the day before the morning before the next day/the following day the week/ month before…
Yesterday XiaoJing said that that he he would would go to No.3 middle school the the next next day day.
Discovery
like English?” 1. She asked me ,“do you like I liked liked English. She aksed me if I you like?” 2.Tom asked me ,“what subjet do you I liked. Tom asked me what subjet I this 3. He said,“I’m going to see a film this afternoon。” He said that he was going to see a that afternoon. 每组第二个都是间接引语 film that

▪
B. was I a Party member or a League member
C. if I was a Party member or a League member
▪
D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.
z
Practice
必修一Unit 1 Friendship
Grammar
z Direct speech &indirect speech
z
Definition 定义
▪ 直接引语 Direct speech ▪ 直接引述别人的原话，把说的话放在引号内 ▪ 间接引语 Indirect speech ▪ 用自己的话转述别人的话。多数情况下构成宾语从句。
z
时态不变的情况
▪ 直接引语中还有情态动词must, need, had better及情态动词的过 去式could, might, should, would等
▪ He said, “ I could swim when I was only six. “
▪ > He said that he could swim when he was only six.
z
句式变换
Transformation
z
指示代词
变化形式 this>that
例句
She said, “I am coming this week.” > She said that she was coming that week.
these>those
He said, “These books are mine.” > He said that those books were his

4. He asked me ________ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter 5. He said， “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again. A. said to me； not to do B. said to me； don’t do C. told me； don’t do D. told me； not to do
9. John asked me _______ to visit his uncle’s farm with him.
A. how would I like
B. if or not would I like
C. whether I would like
D. which I would like
(2)直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时 间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如： this/that→ these/those, now→ then, today→ that day, yesterday→ the day before, last year→ the year before, ago→ before, here→ there等。 He said, "I haven't seen her today."→ He said that he hadn't seen her that day.
2. He asked ， “ Are you a Party member or a League member？” →He asked me _________. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.

→The teacher said to me the earth around the sun earth. moves
四、如何变句型(引导词的运用)： ①直接引语如果是陈述句式…said/told that…
that
She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes.“ →She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. ②直接引语如果是疑问句，间接引语应改为由 或 引导的宾语从句. whether 、 if swim, John?“ He said, "Can you →He asked John he could swim. whether "Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me I went to school by bus or by bike. if
直接引语变间接引语, 主句为过去时 时，从句时态要发生如下变化: 一般现在时 现在完成时 现在进行时 一般将来时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时
注意：时态 不变
①直接引语是客观真理，经常用一般现在时。
The teacher said "The earth moves around the sun .”
直接引语转换间接引语时句式结构变化
1.直接引语是陈述句（用that 引导，口语 中可省略）
2.直接引语是一般疑问句(用if/whether引 导，陈述句语序)
3.直接构成一个宾语从句
1. He said, “I live in Xiamen.” → He said 【that he lived in Xiamen】.宾语从句 2.She said, “Are you interested in chemistry?” →She asked 【if ／whether I was interested in chemistry】.宾语从句 3.He asked me,“What are these?” →He asked me 【what those were】.宾语从句 4.Betty asked me “Where are you from?” 【where I was from】.宾语从句 →Betty asked me

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直接引语与间接引语相互转化时 应注意的变化
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一.陈述句的变化
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1.结构变化 1）. 陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接, that 无 实际意义，可省略。例 :
“I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends. Sarah said to her friends that I don’t like
They asked him when you buy the bike.
he bought
They asked him when he bought the bike.
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感谢您的观看。
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C. he
should…tomorrow
D. he would …the next day
第20页/共25页
5. Jack said that he was a teacher. “______________”,Jack said.
A. I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. I will be a teacher D. I had been a teacher
• They said that they had seen her in the street.
主句：一般• 过去时
从句：过去完成时
• 3. Cellar said, “I have not heard from Jordan since May.” • Cella said that she had not heard from Jordan since May.

My brother said to me, “I’m going to have a holiday next week.

My brother told me he was going to have a holiday the next week.


Mother said to me, “What are you doing in the room?” Mother asked me what I was doing in the room.

She said,“They had left when I arrived there. ” She said they had left when she arrived there.

She says, “Miss liu is good at English.”
She says Miss liu is go_that he ___very glad to visit our country.
A. said ; was C. told ; was

B.said ; had been D.spoke ; had been
答案：A
He said, “These books are mine.”

He said that those books were his.
She said, “I went there yesterday.” She said that she had gone there the day before.
“ I’ll finish my work tomorrow,”she said.
直接引语为疑问句时变间接引语的句型变化：

直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语中用 whether或if引导；直接引语为特殊问句时，间 接引语中仍用原来的疑问词。
从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较 广泛。 敞开式 盾构之 中有挤 压式盾 构、全 部敞开 式盾构 ，但在 近些年 的城市 地下工 程施工 中已很 少使用 ，在此 不再说 明。
For example:
For example: 1. "Open the door,please."She said.
She asked me to open the door.
2. It says,"No smoking here." It told us not to smoke there.
从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较 广泛。 敞开式 盾构之 中有挤 压式盾 构、全 部敞开 式盾构 ，但在 近些年 的城市 地下工 程施工 中已很 少使用 ，在此 不再说 明。
时态的变化
当主句是过去时时，从句要得变为相应的过去时态， 变化规律如下：
一般现在时—— 一般过去时 一般过去时—— 过去完成时 一般将来时—— 过去将来时 现在进行时—— 过去进行时 现在完成时—— 过去完成时 过去完成时—— 过去完成时（时态不变） 过去进行时—— 过去进行时（时态不变）
从使用情ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ来看，闭胸式的使用比较 广泛。 敞开式 盾构之 中有挤 压式盾 构、全 部敞开 式盾构 ，但在 近些年 的城市 地下工 程施工 中已很 少使用 ，在此 不再说 明。
English teacher． 另外注意直接引语为复数，引述者主语为单数，间接引语主语相应变复
数。如： He said，“Are you interested in English？”→He asked me/us if I

相应的变化
• 直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间状语 、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如：this/that→ these/those, now →then, today →that day, yesterday →the day before, last year →the year before, ago →before, here →there等。例如：
时态不变的情况
• 直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成 间接引语时，时态不变。例如：
• They told their son,"The earth goes round the sun."→
• They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
•ould do it or not.
•
He hesitated about whether to drive or take
the train.
特殊疑问句
• 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语 时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如：
• The captain ordered, "Be quiet."→
• The captain ordered us to be quiet. • 注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不
定式前加not。
• My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."→
• My teacher asked me not to laugh.
•
He said, "I haven't seen her today."→

The visitor ___that he ___very glad to visit our country.
A. said ; was C. told ; was

B.said ; had been D.spoke ; had been
答案：A
He said, “These books are mine.”
He asked , “Can I borrow your bike?”

He asked whether/if he could borrow my bike.
Tom said to me, “Do you like football?”

Tom asked me whether/if I liked football.

She said,“They had left when I arrived there. ” She said they had left when she arrived there.

She says, “Miss liu is good at English.”
She says Miss liu is good at English.
He said, “The earth goes around the sun.”
He said that the earth goes around the sun．
Mr. Wang said, “I was born in China in September,1972. ”
Mr. Wang said he was born in China in September,1972.
now ago
then before/earlier that day that morning/week…… the day before the morning before the next day/the following day the week/ month before…