错题档案论文：高中化学教学中学生错题档案的建立与运用研究

错题档案论文：高中化学教学中学生错题档案的建立与运用研究

【中文摘要】高中生在作业及考试中化学题错解具有原创性,如何让学生在正错解中,发现问题,以训练学生的反思性思维,最直接有效的方法莫过于对学生的错题进行管理。错题管理最重要的是建立错题档案,并对档案中的错解进行归类分析。从利用错题档案帮助学生纠正思维上的偏差,弥补知识的缺陷,提升学生的思维能力,在指导解决新问题来看,错题管理在高中化学“教”“学”中有着重要的理论与现实意义。“错题档案”是提高学习效率的办法。本文针对高中化学教学中的错题档案的建立与管理,利用错题档案进行教学和学习,进行了有益的研究尝试。在利用错题档案学习和实施教学方面,本文采用案例法、问卷调查法、访谈法和分析法,对不同学校不同年级的高中生错题档案的建立、管理和利用进行了研究,得出了错题档案的建立与利用,可以促进教师的教学并提高学生的自学能力。本文共分为六部分：第一部分：问题的提出,包括研究的意义,国内外对错题管理的研究状况和研究方法。第二部分：错题档案概念界定,说明了错题档案概念,错题档案的功能。第三部分：高中化学错题档案的建立。本人从研究角度叙述了建立方法与建立错题档案的现实意义。一方面,教师面向全体学生建立错题档案；另一方面,要求每个学生也根据自己的情况来建立一个错题档案。第四部分：高中错题档案运用的实践研究,分为教师利用错题档案实施教学和学生如何建立和利用错题档 案进行自我学习两部分。有了错题档案作为载体,教师在指导和检阅学生建立错题档案本的过程中,可以进行借鉴和分析。第五部分：错题档案使用前后效果的对比研究,通过个案访谈、对照试验、设计问卷并调查等形式,对错题档案在不同学校、不同年级运用后,出现的效果进行了统计与分析。问卷调查时抽取本人任教高中(普通高中)和牙克石市一中(市级重点高中)的高一到高二年级的16个班的学生作为调查样本,取得601份有效问卷,利用相关分析,探讨了当今高中生的化学题错解订正与反思的现状,分析了化学题错题档案使用与化学学习成绩的关系。通过访谈法了解不同层面的学生建立和使用错题档案后对比情况,由此引申出了相应的教学尝试。第六部分：研究结论。通过建立高中化学错题档案,教师可以充分利用错题档案解决共性问题,编制习题与试卷,引导学生依靠自身的反思和纠错能力自我提高,是一种提高高中生自主学习能力有效而又简便的手段。 【英文摘要】High school students’ assignments and exams chemical problem wrong solutions are often original, how to let the students from the corrections wrong solutions start, find out problems, training students’ reflective thinking, the most direct and efficient way to students from the wrong topic files way to start. The wrong topic management most important countermeasure is to establish the wrong topic management, and to each kind of wrong solutions, ascension categorize analysis students’ thinking ability. At the same time, establish the wrong topic files, using the wrong topic archives guide students solve chemical problems, help students correct thinking warp, make up the defects, learn knowledge correct thought, based on this solve new problems, it has important theoretic and realistic significance.”The wrong topic files” is to improve the learning efficiency. Aiming at the high school chemistry teaching archives of the establishment and management of wrong topic, using the wrong topic files for teaching and learning, has carried on the beneficial research to try. Using the wrong topic study and implement teaching archives, this paper adopts case, questionnaire and interview method and analytic, the different school and different grade high school students of the archives to construct the wrong topic, management and use was studied, and the establishment of the wrong topic archives is obtained with use, can promote teachers’ teaching and students’ self-study capability is improved.This article is divided into six parts:Part 1:problems including the implications of the research put forward to the wrong topic files at home and abroad, the research status and research methods.Part 2:the wrong topic archives concept definition, illustrates the wrong topic archives concept, the wrong topic archives function.Part 3:the establishment of high school chemistry the wrong topic files. Researching on “the wrong topic file” Angle of the establishment of the methods to set up and build described the realistic meaning. Wrong topic archives on the one hand, teacher faces all students establish the wrong topic files; On the other hand, requiring that every student also on its own to establish a wrong topic files.Part 4:the practice of high school the wrong topic files use. Divided into teachers using the wrong topic file implementing teaching and students how to build and use the wrong topic files, self learning two parts. Had the wrong topic files as the carrier, the teacher in the guidance and review the students establish the wrong topic archives process, can undertake reference and analysis. Part 5:the wrong topic files before using effect comparative study, through case interviews, controlled trial, design questionnaire and investigation, to the wrong topic, files in the form of different schools, different grades, the effect of using appeared after the statistics and analysis. Questionnaire taught high school (when extracting oneself average high school) and Ya Keshi city one (municipal key high school) to the senior grade two high 16 class of students as sample, obtain 601 valid questionnaires, using the correlation