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Liquid Metal Corrosion of 316L Stainless Steel, 410 Stainless Steel, and 1015 Carbon Steel

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LiquidMetalCorrosionof316LStainlessSteel,410Stainless

Steel,and1015CarbonSteelinaMoltenZincBath

JINGXU,MARKA.BRIGHT,XINGBOLIU,andEVERBARBERO

Corrosiontestsof1015low-carbonsteelandtwostainlesssteels(410and316L)wereconductedinapurezincbath(99.98wtpctZn)inordertobetterunderstandthereactionmechanismsthatoccurduringthedegradationofsubmergedhardwareatindustrialgeneral(batch)galvanizingoperations.Throughthistesting,itwasfoundthat,ingeneral,316Lstainlesssteelshowedthebestdissolutionresistanceamongthesethreealloys,while1015carbonsteelprovidedalowersolubilitythan410stainlesssteel.Investigatingthefailuremechanisms,bothmetallurgicalcompositionandlatticestructureplayedimportantrolesinthemoltenmetalcorrosionbehaviorsofthesealloys.Highcontentsofnickelcombinedwiththeinfluenceofchromiumimprovedtheresistancetomoltenzinccorrosion.Moreover,aface-centered-cubic(fcc)struc-turewasmorecorrosionresistantthanbody-centered-cubic(bcc)possiblyduetothecom-pactnessoftheatomicstructure.Analogously,thebody-centered-tetragonal(bct)martensitelatticestructurepossessedenhancedsusceptibilitytozinccorrosionasaresultofthegreateratomicspacingandhighstrainenergy.Finally,anincreasedbathtemperatureplayedanimportantroleinmoltenmetalcorrosionbyacceleratingthedissolutionprocessandchangingthenatureofintermetalliclayers.

DOI:10.1007/s11661-007-9320-5ÓTheMinerals,Metals&MaterialsSocietyandASMInternational2007

I.INTRODUCTIONHOTdipzinc-coatedsteelproductionhasincreaseddramaticallyoverthepastdecadeduetoitsrelativeeconomicbenefitsoverothercorrosion-resistantmate-rials.Asaresultofthisincreaseddemand,theneedforgreatermanufacturingefficiencyinthegalvanizingprocesshasalsogainedprominence.Numerousprojectshaveinvestigatedthemoltenmetalcorrosionaspectsofmaterialsanddesignsusedforthesubmergedpotrollsandotherhardwareofcontinuoussheetgalvanizingoperations.[1,2]Thedegradationandfrequentfailureofthesestructuresresultsinsignificantproductiondown-timeandleadstohighmaintenancecostsduetoextensiverepairandreplacement.[3]Inordertoprolongtheservicelifeoftheserolls,manystudieshaveattemptedtoobtainabetterunderstandingofthecorrosionbehaviorofthehardwarematerialsinavarietyofcompositionalcoatingbaths.[4–8]However,thetestconditionsandfocusofeachoftheprojectshavebeenquitebroad,encompassingferrousalloys,cobaltalloys,coatings,andweldmaterials.Concurrently,extensiveresearchhasbeenexecutedtodefinetheequilibriumphasediagramsrelevanttogalvanizingapplications.AstandardZn-Al-Fephasediagramhasonlyrecentlybeenaccepted,[9]whileothermoreadvancedzincphasediagramsinvolvingCr,Ni,Co,andothersarecurrentlybeingformulated.[10–13]How-ever,withthisarrayofresearchfocusedonmaterialsforcontinuousgalvanizingpotrolls,minimalefforthasbeendirectedtowardunderstandingthemoltenmetalreactionsofhardwareandcontainmentkettlesem-ployedingeneral(batch)galvanizing,[14,15]whichuseszincpossessingverylowlevelsofaluminumand,hence,vastlydifferentcorrosionproperties.[16]Inthecurrentresearcheffort,moltenmetalcorrosiontestsofthreeferrousalloys(1015low-carbonsteel,410martensiticstainlesssteel,and316Lausteniticstainlesssteel)wereconductedinpurezinc(99.99wtpctZn)toobtainabetterunderstandingofthesolubilityofstructuralmaterialsinatypicalgeneral(batch)galva-nizingenvironment.Thetasksentailedexploringthedissolutionandcorrosionkineticsofironinmoltenzincbyobservingthenatureandrateofthecorrosionattackandtheinterfacialreactionsbetweenthetestedhard-warematerialsandliquidzinc.Theeffectofthechromiumcontentinthesubstratematerials,aswellastheintrinsicphasedifferencestherein,wasalsoreviewed.Theexperimentalresultsfromthisstudynotonlyenrichtheknowledgepoolofliquid-metalcorrosion,butalsoprovidesolidcluestotheeffectiveselectionofsub-mergedhardwarematerialsandthepredictionofcor-respondingoperatingparameters,suchasthemaintenancefrequencyandtheservicelifeestimation.

II.EXPERIMENTALSETUP

A.MaterialsThreetypesofsteels(316Lausteniticstainlesssteel,410martensiticstainlesssteel,and1015ferritic

carbonJINGXU,GraduateResearchAssistant,XINGBOLIU,AssistantProfessor,andEVERBARBERO,Professor,arewiththeMechanical&AerospaceEngineeringDepartment,WestVirginiaUniversity,Morgantown,WV26506.Contacte-mail:Xingbo.liu@mail.wvu.eduMARKA.BRIGHT,TechnologyManager,iswiththeMetaullicsSystems(DivisionofPyrotekIncorporated),Solon,OH44139.ManuscriptsubmittedFebruary7,2007.ArticlepublishedonlineSeptember20,2007.

METALLURGICALANDMATERIALSTRANSACTIONSAVOLUME38A,NOVEMBER2007—2727steel;TableI)containingvariableamountsofchro-mium,nickel,andmolybdenumwereconsideredforthisinvestigation.Eachmaterialwascoldrolledandannealedpriortomachiningtestsamples(15.9-mmdiameterby50.8-mmlength).Dimensionsandweightsofthespecimenswerethenrecordedafterpickling,degreasing,andcleaningindiluteHCl,acetone,andalcohol,successively.

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HOBO U12 钢质温度数据记录器用户手册说明书

HOBO U12 钢质温度数据记录器用户手册说明书

HOBO® U12 Stainless Temperature Data Logger (U12-015 and U12-015-02) Manual

7938-M MAN-U12-015 The HOBO U12 Stainless Temperature Data Logger is a single-channel temperature logger with 12-bit resolution that can record up to 43,000 measurements. The logger uses a direct USB interface for launching and data readout by a computer or HOBO shuttle.

The U12-015-02 model is the same as the U12-015 model, but also includes a 5-inch probe.

Specifications

Measurement Range -40° to 125°C (-40° to 257°F)

Accuracy ±0.25°C from 0° to 50°C (±0.45°F from 32° to 122°F), see Plot A

Resolution 0.03°C at 25°C (0.05°F at 77°F), see Plot A

Drift 0.05°C/year + 0.1°C/1000 hrs above 100°C (0.09°F/year + 0.2°F/1000 hrs above 212°F)

Response Time in 1 m/s (2.2 mph) airflow U12-015: <10 minutes, typical to 90% U12-015-02: 2.25 minutes, typical to 90%

不锈钢等级说明

不锈钢等级说明

学习文档 仅供参考 In metallurgy, stainless steel is defined as a steel alloy with a minimum of 10% chromium

content by mass.[1] Stainless steel does not stain, corrode, or rust as easily as ordinary

steel (it stains less), but it is not stain-proof.[2] It is also called corrosion-resistant steel or

CRES when the alloy type and grade are not detailed, particularly in the aviation industry.

There are different grades and surface finishes of stainless steel to suit the environment to

which the material will be subjected in its lifetime. Common uses of stainless steel are

cutlery and watch straps.

Stainless steel differs from carbon steel by amount of chromium present. Carbon steel

rusts when exposed to air and moisture. This iron oxide film is active and accelerates

corrosion by forming more iron oxide. Stainless steels have sufficient amount of chromium

【机械专业文献翻译】不锈钢

【机械专业文献翻译】不锈钢

机械专业中英文文献翻译

Stainless Steel

Petro-chemical industry with its own production of some of the features,

such as its operating temperature range, low-temperature conditions up to

-196 ℃, temperatures can reach more than 500 ℃; operating pressure

there is external pressure, vacuum, atmospheric pressure, medium

pressure, high pressure, ultra-high pressure (more than 100MPa); In

addition, the operating environment in the medium complexity, such as

the existence of corrosion, wear and tear, and flammable, explosive, toxic

and other solid, gaseous, liquid and a variety of mixed media chloride,

sulfide and other salt category. Therefore, the petrochemical industry in

the use of stainless steel, the requirements of stainless steel has strong

corrosion resistance, including anti-chloride, sulfide and other corrosive

不锈钢201、202、304、3...

不锈钢201、202、304、3...

不锈钢201、202、304、316、410、430怎么区别（How about stainless

steel 201, 202, 304, 316, 410, 430）

How about stainless steel 201, 202, 304, 316, 410, 430?

It is often believed that the magnet adsorption of stainless

steel, to verify its merits and authenticity, and do not smoke

without magnetism, that is good, genuine; smokers are magnetic,

is considered a fake fake. In fact, this is an extremely

one-sided and unrealistic method of discrimination.

There are many kinds of stainless steel. They can be divided

into several groups according to the organizational structure

at normal temperature:

1., Austrian shape: such as 304, 321, 316, 310 and so on;

2. martensite or ferrite: such as 430, 420, 410 and so on;

The austenite is nonmagnetic or weakly magnetic, and the

martensite or ferrite is magnetic.

Most commonly used as a decorative tube plate is austenitic