四级语法精简版

1 一、 虚拟语气

㈠be型虚拟语气

⑪用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后的that分句中。

①suggest, propose, recommend, insist, decide, decree, demand, move, order, prefer, request, require, vote等表坚持、建议、命令、要求的动词之后的that从句中，谓动用（should）+动原。

The doctor insisted that he (should) not eat meat.

He ordered that all the books (should) be sent at once.

*注意：在insist后的从句中，如果是坚持自己的意愿，则用陈述语气；坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气。

She insists that she is right.

She insisted that I should finish the work at once.

*在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。

I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.

②appropriate, advisable, better, compulsory, crucial, demanded, desirable, desired, essential, fitting, imperative,

important, impossible, incredible, natural, necessary, obligatory, ordered, possible, preferable, probable, proper,

recommended, requested, required, strange, suggested, urgent, vital等形容词后的that从句中，谓动用(should)+动原。

It is necessary that he (should) come back without delay.

I thought it advisable that an armed guard stand in readiness.

③advice, decision, decree, demand, desire, idea, instruction, motion, necessity, order, pity, plan, preference, proposal,

recommendation, requirement, resolution, shame, suggestion, surprise, wish等名词后的that从句中，谓动用(should)+动原。

Your advice that she (should) w

ait till next week is reasonable.

Their decision was that the school (should) remain closed.

⑫用于由if, though, whatever, lest, so long as等引导的分句中表示推测、让步、防备等含义。

lest / for fear / in case + that从句（从句的谓动用(should )+动原）

it is vital / necessary / important / urgent / imperative / desirable / natural / essential + that从句（从句的谓动用(should )+动原）

⑬用于某些公式化语句中，表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等意义。

Long live the people’ Republic of China.

God bless you!

So be it. (但愿如此。)

㈡were型虚拟语气

⑪用于某些状语分句中

were型虚拟式常用于由if, if only, as if, as though, though引导的条件状语和让步状语分句中，表示非真实的条件或让步。 2 If I were you, I should wait till next week.

If it were to rain, the game would be put off.

He spoke to me as if I were deaf.

He behaves as though he were better than us.

Though the whole would were against me, I would do what I consider as right.

⑫用于某些名词性分句中

常用于出现在wish, would rather, suppose, imagine之后的that分句中，表示一种臆想的(通常是不可能发生的)情况。

I wish it were spring all the year round.

Suppose the earth were flat.

Just imagine everyone were to give up smoking.

⑬以上were型虚拟式在第一、第三人称单数后可以用was代替，但以下两种情况除外：

①在if I were you分句中，只能用were。

②在某些倒装结构中也只用were。

Were I to do it (= If I were to do it), I should rely on you.

③在as it were(宛如，好比)中，也只能用were。

He is my best friend, my second self, as it were.

㈢特殊动词wish的虚拟语气

在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。

⑪对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反），从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。

I wish I knew the answer to the question.

I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year round.

I wish I were a bird.

When she was at the party, she wished she were at home.

⑫对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反），其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could,

might+现在完成时。

I wish (that) I hadn’t wasted so much time.

He wishes he hadn’t lost the chance.

⑬对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)，从句动词"would/should/could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。

I wish it would stop raining.

I wish you would be quiet.

You wished she would arrive the next day.

注意：如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that从句中的动词形式不变。

I wished I hadn’t spent so much money.

如果that从句中用would，一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求。

I wish he would answer my letter.

I wish prices would come down. 3

㈣would rather, would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon, would prefer之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。

I would rather he came tomorrow than today.

John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.

I would rather you go tomorrow.

注意：would rather之后用动词原形的情况。

⑪若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形。

I would rather stay at home today.

⑫Would rather…than…中用动词原形。

I would rather stay at home than go out today.

㈤“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。

I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.

It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。

It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.

It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.