初中英语复合句中考专项讲解与练习

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初中英语复合句中考专

项讲解与练习

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一、宾语从句

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句,中考主要考查的知识点有三个:引导词、语序和时态

1、宾语从句的引导词

宾语从句的引导词有三种:1)that;2)whether/ if;3)特殊疑问词What/ when/ where/ who等。

He said that he could help me.

Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week.

Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin

(1) that引导的宾语从句:

that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当,引导词that没有实际意义,不在从句中作任何成分, that可以省略,而且从句成分齐全,句意完整。

He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。

(2)whether或if引导的宾语从句:

从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,变成从句后,语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。

Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.

I don’t care whether you like the story or not.

注意:以下情况一般只用whether不用if。

①接带to的动词不定式。

She doesn’t know whether to go to the zoo. 她不知道是不是去动物园。

②与or not连用时。

I’m not sure whether or not he will come on time. 他能否准时来,我说不准。

(3)疑问词引导的宾语从句:

此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序,由wh-开头的疑问词引导。wh-词包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词,这些引导词有各自的意思,在从句中要作相应的成分,不能省略。例如:

Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?

He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here.

2、宾语从句的三个注意事项

1)语序:宾语从句要用陈述语序,原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。

把这两个简单句合成一个复合句:

Where does your father work Can you tell us →

____________________________________________________

Did you get home very late He asked me.→

__________________________________________________

2)时态:如果主句是一般现在时,宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。My teacher says he will be back in a week. My teacher says he has seen the movie.

如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句用相应的过去时态。My father said he was watching TV at that time. My father said the he had already seen the movie.

如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时,用一般现在时。Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth. 我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。

3) 否定转移:

主句的主语如果是第一人称,从句的否定要转移到主句中,其反意疑问句与从句一致。例如:

I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute.

I don’t believe he did this, did he

二、定语从句用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般放在它所修

饰名词或代词的后面,这个名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的连接词称为关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句中代表先行词可以作主语、宾语、定语等。关系副词代表先行词在从句中可以作状语。

1. 选出正确的关系代词或关系副词的关键:①看所修饰的是人还是物;②看它所代表的先行词在定语从句中做什么成分。例如:

Do you know the man who/that sells eggs to me

(先行词是“the man”,在从句中作主语,用who/ that)

Your father was not on the train that/ which arrived just now.

(先行词是物,用which/that,在从句中作主语)

This is the book (which / that) you wanted.

(先行词是物,用which/that,在从句中作宾语,可省)

Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor

(先行词是人,whose代表“男孩的”,在从句中作定语)

You can go home where you can have a rest.

(先行词是地点,where相当于at home,在从句中作地点状语)Do you remember the year when we were hungry every day (先行词是时间,when相当于in the year,在从句中作时间状语)

Do you know the reason why she didn’t come to our party (先行词是原因,why相当于for the reason,在从句中作原因状语)

2. 引导词作宾语时可以省略。例如:

Have you seen the book (that) I gave you yesterday?

3. 引导词在定语从句中作主语,不能省略。例如:

Do you know the man who is speaking to your father?

三、状语从句

用作状语的句子叫状语从句。引导状语从句的连接词是从属连词。状语从句可以在句首,也可以在句尾,根据其用途可分为:时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句,比较状语从句等。

1. 时间状语从句:时间状语从句表示时间,常用连接词有:when(当……时),while(当……时),as(当……时),before(在……之前),after (在……之后),since(自从),until(直到), as soon as(一……就),once(一旦……就)等。例如:I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework.

I can listen to the radio while I work.

注意: