Chinese Dialect

山东临沂方言中的特殊程度副词明茂修（毕节学院中文系，贵州毕节５５1７００)摘要:临沂方言有许多特殊的程度副词,大多数都可以修饰单音形容词及其重叠式,有着很强的组合固定性、分布互补性和声调集中性。

其中有一部分程度副词与单音形容词的组合之间加上一定的成分以后，还可以表示厌恶、鄙夷等感情色彩。

关键词:临沂方言；程度副词；单音形容词;组合固定性；分布互补性;声调集中性中图分类号:临沂市位于山东省东南部，因濒临沂河而得名，东、西、北分别与日照、枣庄、济宁、泰安、淄博和维坊等市为邻，南与江苏省接壤。

现辖兰山区、罗庄区、河东区和郯城、苍山、沂水、沂南、平邑、费县、蒙阴、莒南、临沭，共3区９县，总面积约171８４平方公里,人口971.２3万。

［1]临沂方言①属于中原官话郑曹片[2]，具有中原官话的一般特点，但又有其自身的特色。

在临沂方言中,有些程度副词很有特色，颇不同于其它方言以及普通话。

本文所讲的特殊程度副词不涉及新派方言,在新派方言中，这些程度副词已经或多或少发生了某种变化或部分地被普通话中的一些程度副词所取代。

临沂方言中的程度副词,较特殊的共有32个,其中大部分为临沂方言所独有,其它的则可能同时存在于山东其它地市方言或其它北方方言中，但是其语音形式、意义和用法等往往有别。

这些程度副词（写不出本字的用同音字代替并加下划线）包括：冰、喷、木、锋、多、剔溜／娄、太、太展、突、挺、透、通、溜、焦、精、搓、黢、西、魆、崭、展、铮、挣、煞、生、乔、稀、瞎、血、怪、窟和齁。

[３]另有“更”、“最”、“很”、“越”、“还”、“有点儿”、“不多”等词的意义和用法都与普通话的意义和用法基本没有什么差别,本文不论。

临沂方言中的这些特殊程度副词，和普通话中的副词相比,大致相当于“很”、“非常”、“特别”等,都表示程度加深,但是它们却具有普通话中的副词所没有的一些特性。

这些特性主要表现在以下几个方面。

一、组合固定性以上所列的3２个程度副词,一般都可以修饰单音形容词,但不能修饰双音以及多音形容词(“怪”、“太”、“乔”、“稀”、“展”、“挣”和“太展”除外)。

广东潮汕英语导游词讲解（精选5篇）广东潮汕英语讲解篇1Shantou is located in the east of Guangdong Province, adjacent to the SouthChina Sea. There are expressways connecting Guangzhou and Shenzhen in thesouthwest and Fujian Province in the Northeast; there are railways leading toJiangxi Province and Hunan Province in the northwest; Shantou airport isnavigable to Hong Kong, Thailand, Malaysia and more than 40 cities in China;Shantou is 195 nautical miles away from Hong Kong and 214 nautical miles awayfrom Chinese Taiwan Bay, so the traffic is very convenient.Shantou is inclined from northwest to Southeast. There are Lianhuamountains in the northeast, Sangpu mountain in the northwest and Danan mountainin the southwest. The middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River, RongjiangRiver and Lianjiang River flow through the city and flow into the South ChinaSea from Shantou port. Shantou port, where the three rivers meet, is a uniqueinland sea in China. The city's coastline is 289 kilometers long, with 40islands, including Nanao Island, the only island county in GuangdongProvince.Shantou has superior natural conditions. The Tropic of cancer passesthrough the northern part of the city. It has a subtropical marine climate withlong summer and short winter. It can also be said that there is no winter, andthe distinction between the four seasons is not obvious. Summer is from May toOctober every year, and the highest temperature in summer is 33-35 ℃. However,the duration of high temperature is very short, usually two or three days.Tropical storms or typhoons bring rain, and the weather is cool again. FromNovember to February of the nextyear, winter begins. Although it is winter, thelowest temperature is above 0 ℃, and often remains between 10-15 ℃. It can besaid that there is no intense heat in summer, no severe cold in winter, and thefour seasons are like spring.The superior natural conditions give birth to abundant animal and plantresources. Coupled with the hard-working and dexterous population quality,Shantou has become a famous high-yield area of crops in China, and the marinefishing industry and aquaculture industry are also very developed."It's not difficult for a smart daughter-in-law to cook good rice".Shantou's food is famous at home and abroad. The techniques of Chaozhou cuisine,Gongfu tea and snacks are ingenious and unique. They are also in line with theworld's health and health fashion. Shantou is known as the "hometown ofdelicious food" is a very natural thing.Shantou is known as "Zou Lu on the seashore". Chaoshan culture has a longhistory, and Chaozhou people have unique charm. Since the Tang Dynasty, Shantou,located in the coastal area of eastern Guangdong, was the political exile of thefeudal court. The demoted imperial officials came to Chaoshan to take up theirposts, which brought the advanced cultural ideas of the Central Plains at thattime. As a result, it became a common practice to set up schools and attachimportance to education. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Confucianismeducation reached its peak, and its popularity was incomparable with otherstates and counties in Guangdong. Therefore, in the Northern Song Dynasty, Chenyaozuo, who was demoted from the capital to Chaozhou, praised Chaoshan as a"coastal Zou Lu". From the fact that Chaoshan people with a little bit ofculture generally like playing piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, it isnotdifficult to see the traces of the inheritance of traditional culture fromgeneration to generation. In modern times, a large number of Chaozhou peopleemigrated overseas by red boat, Shantou became a famous hometown of overseasChinese, and the communication between local and overseas gradually increased.In addition, with the opening of Shantou port, western culture entered Shantou,and Chinese and Western cultures blended to form a unique local culture withboth traditional and open farming culture and marine culture. For example, theworship of the gods in ningduo and the Lantern Festival activities in uniqueforms, such as racing big pigs, racing big geese, dragging gods and grabbingdragon heads, all exude a strong flavor of marine culture. It is delicate asChaozhou Opera, Chaozhou music and folk crafts (wood carving, drawing, papercutting and inlaying porcelain); rough as Chaozhou gongs and drums, Yinggedance, puma dance and unique Chaoshan dialect, which are clearly branded withthe deep brand of the ancient culture of the Central Plains.The name of a place mostly reflects the geographical or historical originof the soil and water in this area, and Shantou is no exception. In modernChinese, "Shan" has a single meaning. In ancient Chinese, it means a fishingtool. The local people think that the word "Shan" refers to the sand ridgeformed by the accumulation of sea sand, so "Shantou" is the top of the sandridge. Shantou City also has another name, which is called "Shedao". The word"Shedao" is also very rare. It is the ancient name of a shallow sea fish that isabundant here. It seems that the saying of "Shantou" or "Yidao" is inseparablefrom the sea and tells us the origin of Shantou. Shantou is a young city builton the beach and a milestone city in the development of Chaoshanhistory tomodern times.As early as 1858, Engels pointed out that Shantou port is "the only portwith a little commercial significance" in China when he evaluated China'scoastal ports in his article Russia's success in the Far East. After the secondOpium War, Shantou was listed as a foreign trade port. In 1861, Shantou wasofficially opened as a port for foreign trade. Eight countries, includingBritain, the United States, Japan, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Norway andDenmark, set up consulates here. The 1930s was the most prosperous period ofShantou port. At that time, the cargo throughput of Shantou Port ranked third inChina, second only to Shanghai and Guangzhou. Bulk cargoThe import and export of commodities have boosted the local commercialeconomy. At its peak, Shantou once ranked seventh in the country. From 1934 to1937, the number of hotels in Shantou increased from 46 to more than 130. Theprosperity of Shantou port can be seen.Since the founding of new China, Shantou has always been the political,economic and cultural center of eastern Guangdong. Since the reform and openingup, Shantou's economic strength has been continuously enhanced, and variousundertakings have developed in an all-round way. After 1992, Shantou entered the"top 50 cities in China" again in 1997. In 20__, the city's GDP reached 6.099billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 16.7% from 1981 to 20__.Ultrasonic electronics, textile and clothing, toys, machinery, printing, food,medicine and other industries are growing, the pattern of all-round opening tothe outside world has basically taken shape, breakthroughs have been made ininfrastructure construction, and the pattern of "one city, two cities" modernport city has initially taken shape. Shantouhas won the titles of "China'sexcellent tourism city", "national health city" and "national environmentalprotection model city". At present, Shantou City continues to promote the newcentury life project of "rebuilding credit and image". In accordance with thegeneral requirements of "meeting the challenges of China's accession to WTO,building credit Shantou, creating famous brand products and developingcharacteristic economy", we should further improve the soft investmentenvironment and promote the economic development of Shantou.Shantou is rich in tourism resources, complete in tourism service systemand supporting facilities, and has a high level of tourism reception. By 20__,it has owned one National Forest Park, four provincial tourist resorts, one AAAtourist area and one provincial scenic spot; 38 star hotels, including 2five-star hotels, 5 four-star hotels and 12 three-star hotels. The municipalParty committee and government attach great importance to tourism, formulatepolicies and measures to speed up the development of tourism, determine andvigorously promote the image slogan of "seaside Zou Lu, hometown of deliciousfood" put forward by Mayor Li Chunhong, and speed up the construction of scenicspots. Shantou's tourism will have a greater development.Basic situation of Shantou CityJurisdiction: Longhu District, Jinyuan District, Shengping District, DAHAODistrict, Hepu District, Nanao County, Chaoyang City, Chenghai City(county-level city) area: 2046 square kilometersPopulation: 4.62 million (20__) Shantou population around the world: about2 million Hong Kong, Macao and Chinese Taiwan compatriots: over 3 million ethnic groups:mainly Han nationality Language: Chaoshan dialect, some speak Hakka dialect.Main industrialproducts: photosensitive materials, ultrasonic electronic instruments, textilesand clothing, toys, printed matter, food, medicine, etcSeafood: grouper, eel, pomfret, prawn, squid, oyster, etcLocal products: shitoue, Chaozhou Mandarin, sugarcane, taro, LinQin, olive,Baoxin mustardSunshine: 20__-2500 hours, annual average temperature: 21-22c,precipitation: 1300-1800 mmWaterfront Promenade(the coach is on the seaside road)Our coach is on the seashore road. Some people say it's a bit like walkingon the West Lake Road in Hangzhou. It's almost the same. However, this is not alake, but a sea. The sea is a precious heritage left by nature. A city close tothe sea, not only warm climate, convenient transportation, but also the cityBody is the object of tourism. Shantou is a city with both open sea andinland sea. You can see that the inland sea is 57 square kilometers, which isequivalent to the size of 10 West Lakes in Hangzhou. This road starts fromShantou port, goes all the way to Haiwan Bridge and connects with the expresswayleading to Shenzhen.(get off and visit near Pinhai Pavilion)On the side of Haibin Road near the sea is the green park. From morningtill night, there are many tourists. It is the favorite resting place forShantou people. You can often see the performances of Chaozhou Opera enthusiastshere. Standing here, overlooking the sea, I feel very open-minded. The wholeShantou Bay has a panoramic view. You see, in the distance is the Bay Bridge,under the bridge is the scenic area of Mayu Island, on the other side of themountain is the open sea, near thetemple of Heaven Park and the famous stonescenic area, and on the west of the stone cross sea bridge is Niutianyang, whererivers and seas meet. There are two ferries here. Visitors and vehicles can alsocross by boat. As long as you spend one yuan, you can enjoy the fun of cross seatravel.You can see that there are many old trees in the park with luxuriant roots,which are simple and vigorous. In fact, they are all planted by hand in recentyears. There are also many stone carvings in the trees. You can take a picturebeside your favorite animals as a souvenir. There are monkeys, camels, snails,cocks and lovely dolls. On the north side of the road is the people's Square andthe stadium, with a music fountain in the middle and a group of art sculptureson both sides showing the sea interest. They are a group of children carryinghuge conch to the beach, and the water comes out from the shell of conch.On the other side of Haibin road are many important buildings in Shantou.The municipal Party committee and the municipal government are also nearby. It'sa long way. Please get on the bus and watch along the road."If relatives and friends in Luoyang ask, a piece of ice is in the jadepot.". Successfully completed the day's journey. Do you feel tired? In fact, youhave entered a "big oxygen bar" and experienced 100% negative ion lung washing.The slight sea breeze will blow away the fatigue of your journey. The broad seawill make you feel broad and cheerful, bold, simple, hardworkingThe islanders of loyalty sincerely invite you to stay here for a few moredays. You will savor and appreciate the beautiful picture of "mountain, sea,history and temple" of our island, which is made up of the color of sky,mountain and sea. Here, I sincerelyhope that your life is full of sunshine, andtoday's journey is over. 广东潮汕英语导游词讲解篇2In the summer vacation, sunny morning, I went to Nan'ao Island with youwith excitement.The ship crossed the sea. Standing on the railing of the ship, from adistance, the sea and sky are the same color. The waves then rush forward andhit the rocks, raising countless white waves. The rhythmic sound of waves, abeautiful hymn of the sea... How beautiful!Before you know it, Central South Australia island. On the shore, theexhibition in front of a row of neat trees. In the breeze, he waved to touristsfrom all over the world and said, "welcome to Nan'ao Island!"Around the trees, on the beach of Nan'ao Island. The sea water is rollingforward, pushing one wave after another. The sun came out of the clouds, andthousands of rays of gold were shining on the sea. The sea was sparkling. It wasso beautiful!Just as I was intoxicated in the beautiful scenery, the sound of the callwoke me up: "go, go swimming!" I quickly changed my swimsuit, followed myparents to do a warm-up exercise, and went into the water. In the water, I amlike a free fish swimming around, so comfortable!I stood in front of the window, listening to the breathing sound of thewaves, watching the shining sea outside the window, feeling very excited. Thecharming scenery of the day still beckons to me. I said silently in my heart:"beautiful Nan'ao Island, I still need it!"广东潮汕英语导游词讲解篇3Nan'ao Island is the only island county in Guangdong Province. It iscomposed of 37 large and small islands, with a landarea of 130.90 squarekilometers (including the main island area of 128.35 square kilometers), a seaarea of 4600 square kilometers, and a permanent population of more than70000.Nan'ao Island is located in the sea of eastern Guangdong, the center of thethree major ports of Kaohsiung, Xiamen and Hong Kong, and is close to the maininternational route of the Western Pacific Ocean. The coastline of Nan'ao Islandis 77 km, and there are 66 harbors, including Yandun Bay, Changshan Bay andzhuqidu. It has the advantages of building deep-water ports and 10000 tonwharves to develop ocean transportation. Qingao Bay on Nan'ao Island is a gentleslope beach with fine sand, clear water and moderate salinity. It is one of thetwo grade a bathing beaches in Guangdong Province. There are more than 50cultural relics and more than 30 temples on Nan'ao Island.Nan'ao Island is located in the subtropical zone, which is crossed byTropic of cancer. Warm in winter and cool in summer, the marine climate is verypleasant. The annual average temperature is only 21.5 ℃, and the air is freshwithout all kinds of polluting industries. The air contains 4000 negative ionsper cubic centimeter, which is 10 to 20 times higher than that of ordinarycities. Midsummer season, the sea breeze, cool climate, is a good place tosummer. Every summer, tourists from home and abroad come here one after anotherfor summer, rest, sightseeing and summer.Nan'ao Island is known as the "Pearl of the sea in East Guangdong". It isrich in tourism resources and has the characteristics of "sea, mountain, historyand temple".Blue sky, blue sea, green island, Jinsha and white waves are the maincolors of Nan'ao's eco-tourism. Landing on the island, living on the seashore,bathing in the sea breeze, bathing in thesea and tasting seafood are the happychoices for friends from all walks of life to travel on the island. There areqingaowan provincial tourist resort known as "Oriental Hawaii", HuanghuashanNational Forest Park known as "South China Sea natural botanical garden", Wuyunature reserve known as "migratory bird paradise", the largest island wind farmin Asia, the headquarters with a long history of 158 years, and legendary Gujingand Taizi of Southern Song Dynasty As well as many influential cultural andhistorical sites, historic sites, temples and so on, all of which are likeclusters of exotic flowers competing for water, constitute a beautiful islandlandscape.广东潮汕英语导游词讲解篇4Dear passengersHello, everyone. I'm your tour guide. My name is Zhang Chen. You can callme Zhang guide. This time we are going to a beautiful coastal city, Shantou,Guangdong.Shantou is located in the vast seaside, a green ribbon like seaside roadbuilt along the coast. The beautiful promenade is built along the road. On thepromenade, the trees become shade, the flowers are in full bloom, and there aremany pavilions and benches for people to rest. In the morning, people can domorning exercises here, watch the sun rise from the sea, and bathe in the warmmorning sunshine here. At noon, people can have lunch and talk here. In theevening, people can enjoy the cool, take a walk and drink tea here. Inparticular, you can enjoy the beautiful night view of this coastal city. It's agood place to go and have a look.Dear tourists, we are going to the overseas Chinese park at the end ofHaibin road. The park is an overseas Chinese park donated by Mr. Li Jiacheng, afamous overseas Chinese inChaoshan. It is located on the North Bank of ShantouBay, adjacent to the sea in the south, the seawall belt park "sea viewingcorridor" in the west, and the south side of Lin Baixin Times Square. Uniquesubtropical seaside scenery. It is one of the largest theme parks in ShantouCity. The garden is full of trees, flowers, grass and trees all over the world.There is also a big Ferris wheel, which stands in the bay. Sitting on it, youcan not only have a panoramic view of the overseas Chinese park, but alsoexperience the feeling of flying on the sea. The overseas Chinese park, built onthe coast of the South China Sea, has a unique geographical location and anelegant and pleasant environment. It is a good place for Shantou citizens andforeign tourists to enjoy their holidays and entertainment.Tourists, we are now in the people's Square at the end of Haibin road. It'svery spacious here. You can do what you want. Children can roller skate and playgames here. Especially after 7:30 p.m., when the music starts and the fountaincomes out, people's square becomes an ocean of joy and a paradise on earth.There are still many beautiful scenery in Shantou. It's too much to say.How time flies. Tourists, our tour today is over. We'll go to other scenic spotstomorrow. Goodbye!广东潮汕英语导游词讲解篇5Hello, everyone. I'm your tour guide. My name is __. You can call me __.This time we are going to a beautiful coastal city, Shantou, Guangdong.Dear passengers, Shantou is located on the vast seaside, a green ribbonlike seaside road built along the coast. The beautiful promenade is built alongthe road. On the promenade, the trees become shade, the flowers are in fullbloom, and there are many pavilions and benches for people to rest. In themorning, peoplecan do morning exercises here, watch the sun rise from the sea,and bathe in the warm morning sunshine here. At noon, people can have lunch andtalk here. In the evening, people can enjoy the cool, take a walk and drink teahere. In particular, you can enjoy the beautiful night view of this coastalcity. It's a good place to go and have a look.Ladies and gentlemen, the overseas Chinese park is donated and built by Mr.Li Jiacheng, a famous overseas Chinese in Chaoshan. It is an overseas Chinesepark with the theme of Chaozhou people, the hometown of Modern Overseas Chinese.The park is located on the North Bank of Shantou Bay, adjacent to the sea in thesouth, the seawall belt park corridor in the west, and the south side of LinBaixin Times Square. Unique subtropical seaside scenery. It is one of thelargest theme parks in Shantou City.There are still many beautiful sceneries in Shantou, which can't befinished. T ourists, this is the end of today's tour. We'll go to other scenicspots tomorrow. Goodbye.。

[新教材]人教版（2019）高中英语必修一话题作文与范文10篇【作文一】话题：自我介绍（Welcome Unit）国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的“和平、友谊”夏令营活动，要求提名者提交英文个人简历。

假设你是李华，16岁，晨光中学高一学生，请根据下列信息写一篇个人简历。

1. 爱好音乐、摄影，善于与人交流。

2. 乐于助人，热爱自然，热爱和平。

3. 参加夏令营的目的：结交朋友，了解外国文化(foreign cultures)。

参考词汇：和平友谊夏令营Peace and Friendship Summer Camp要求：1. 词数100词左右；2. 不要逐字翻译，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文；Dear Sir or Madam,My name is Li Hua, a student studying in Chenguang Senior High School. Learning that the Peace and Friendship Summer Camp to be held by International Culture Communication Centre is approaching, I'm writing to apply for it.First and foremost, I have great passion for music and photography, and I always enjoy music in my spare time. Besides, as a kind person who loves nature and peace, I am confident that I can promote a bettercommunication with others. Last but not least, not only can I make more friends, but also I can learn more about foreign cultures.Should this application meet with your favorable consideration, I will do my utmost to justify the confidence you repose in me.Yours truly,Li Hua【作文二】话题：校园生活（Unit1 Teenage Life）假定你是李华，是学校英文报“Advice”栏目的编辑。

大学英语六级翻译试题汇总总分：90分题量：16题一、问答题（共16题，共80分）1.翻译：Cultureshockiscausedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallfamiliarsign sandsymbolsofsocialintercourse.(PassageFour)答：文化震撼是由于社会交往过程中失去了所有本来熟悉的标记和符号引起焦虑而产生的。

2.翻译：Asthesourceofaluminumisalmostinexhaustible,wecanexpectthatmoreandmor euseswillbefoundforthisversatilemetal.(PassageTwo)答：由于铝的资源几乎是无止境的，我们可预计对这种多用途的金属将会发挥越来越多的用途。

3.翻译：Bymakingvehicleslighterinweightaluminumhasgreatlyreducedtheamountoff uelneededtomovethem,(PassageTwo)答：由于能够减轻运输工具本身的重量，铝材能大大地减少驱动它们本身所需的燃料。

4.翻译：Thecaptainrealizedthatthementriedtodeceivehimsohemadethemworkveryhar dfortherestofthevoyage.(PassageOne)答：船长意识到这些船员是要欺骗他，因此，在余下的航程里他让他们干更累的活。

5.翻译：最近，一些地方大学开始将方言列为某些学生的必修课程，学生们要学习当地方言，然后被评分以作为毕业的依据之一。

一方面，支持此种做法的人认为，将方言列为必修课可防止其消失，从而使当地传统文化和文化多样性得以弘扬，同时城市独特的个性得以保留。

另一方面，反对此种做法的人争论说，当地学生与外地学生相比有很多绝对优势，因此将方言列为必修课会引起教育不公平的问题。

学闽南语作文600字初中(中英文实用版)**English Version:**Learning Minnan DialectMinnan dialect, also known as Southern Fujian dialect, is a branch of Chinese language mainly spoken in southern Fujian province, Taiwan, and some other regions.As a junior high school student, I took up the challenge to learn this unique and interesting dialect.The journey of learning Minnan dialect began with curiosity.I was fascinated by its distinct intonation and pronunciation.Unlike Mandarin, which is the official language in our country, Minnan dialect has a rhythmic and melodic quality to it.I was eager to explore this new language and connect with my cultural roots.To learn Minnan dialect, I sought help from my grandparents who are native speakers.They taught me basic phrases and vocabulary, and shared stories about their childhood in a dialect-speaking community.I also watched online tutorials and joined language exchange groups to practice my speaking and listening skills.One of the challenges I faced was the different tones and pronunciations.Minnan dialect has more tones than Mandarin, which made it difficult for me to grasp at first.However, with constant practice and perseverance, I gradually improved.I found it rewarding to be able tocommunicate with elderly relatives who only spoke Minnan dialect.Learning Minnan dialect not only helped me connect with my family, but also broadened my understanding of Chinese culture.It allowed me to appreciate the diversity of our language and the rich history behind it.Moreover, it enhanced my language learning skills and boosted my confidence in exploring new languages.In conclusion, learning Minnan dialect has been a fulfilling experience.It has brought me closer to my cultural heritage and enriched my knowledge of the Chinese language.As I continue to learn and improve, I hope to pass on this beautiful dialect to future generations.**中文版：**学习闽南语闽南语，又称福建南部方言，主要分布在我国福建省南部、台湾以及一些其他地区。

Chinese writing is one of the world's greatest writing systems. It is more w 1 in use than alphabetic（字母的）writing systems．More than half of the world's books are written in Chinese，including historical writings and novels, along with writings on government and law．At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based l 2 . It dates back several thousand years to the u 3 of animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved（刻）by ancient Chinese people．Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in t 4 hanzi.By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were d5 geographically，leading to different dialects（方言）and characters．This, however, c 6 under Emperor Qishihuang of the Qin Dynasty．Emperor Qinshihuang united（统一）the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great i7 in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still c8 in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important method to c9 China's present with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times．Today, Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a g10 role in the world，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate （欣赏）China's culture through this amazing language．Written Chinese spreads Chinese culture wherever it goes．解析：1.widely 【解析】考查副词．根据意思：它的使用比字母书写系统更为广泛．副词修饰动词，故填：widely．nguage 【解析】考查名词．根据意思：起初，书面汉语是一种基于图片的语言．填名词单数，语言language．故填：language．e 【解析】考查动词．根据意思：中国古代人在动物的骨头和贝壳上刻上符号可以追溯到几千年前．the use of．．的使用，故填：use．4.today's 【解析】考查所有格．根据意思：在今天的汉字中仍然可以看到一些古老的符号．今天的today's．故填：today's．5.divided 【解析】考查动词．根据意思：多年来，这个体系发展成不同的形式，就像人们被隔离的时代一样．被动语态be done，故填divided．6. changed 【解析】考查动词．根据意思：然而，这在秦始皇统治下发生了变化．一般过去时态，故填changed．7. importance 【解析】考查名词．根据意思：这一写作体系对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义．be of great importance 有重要意义．故填importance．8. communicate 【解析】考查动词．根据意思：他们仍然可以书面交流．can后面加动词原形．故填communicate．9. connect 【解析】考查动词．根据意思：书面汉语也成为把中国现在和过去联系起来的重要方法．to do 不定式，故填connect．10. great 【解析】考查形容词．根据意思：中国在世界上发挥着巨大的作用，形容词修饰名词，故填great．Every year in early October,Albuquerque International Balloon Festival is(1) h______in Albuquerque,the biggest city in New Mexico.Because of the great number of balloons,it is the world’s(2)l______ballooning event.For more than30years, guests from all over the world come to Albuquerque in October to celebrate ballooning. In2018，over900,000people(3)a______this event.There were over500balloons in the event with over1,000pilots.When(4)h______of colorful balloons flew up high, the sky of Albuquerque became a moving cartoon.It was full of colors and special characters.It was a time when(5)d______came true and romance filled the sky. Grown-ups and children were amazed and joyful during the balloon festival.解析：1.held考查被动语态。

SOCIAL CHINESE怎样像外交官一样说话The delicate art of s aying nothing DIPLOMATDIALECTBY GINGER HUANG (黄原竟)74Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.75Issue 6 /2014FRIENDS WITH(DIPLOMATIC) BENEFITSLike all diplomatic language, when the term “friendly” is used, it does not always mean friendly. But a good indicator of sincerity is when it is used in conjunction with the word “amiable”, for example:The conversation was carried out under amiable and friendly circumstances.T1nhu3 z3i q~nqi- y6uh2o de f8nw9i zh4ng j#nx!ng.谈话在亲切友好的氛围中进行。

Although, it should be noted that such a conversation is purely social and entirely unimportant. When the conversation is not just friendly, but is also carried out “seriously” (认真的 r-nzh8n de ) or “candidly” (坦率的 t2nshu3i de ), it usually signifies the opposite of a close relationship. These talks are often carried out when in disagreement and/or conflict. For example, former Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka visited China in 1972, and had a “serious and friendly” talk with China’s then Premier Zhou Enlai, and the communication was, again, noted as being “serious and candid”.During these talks, China concluded that the two countries had been in an “abnormal relationship” (i.e.long-term, burning hatred) and that it should be brought to an end.So, who’s a friend? Well, the most well-known code here is to call a person or a country “an old friend of the Chinese people”. If this is said, things are probably going along nicely. For example:Xi Jinping praised Sonia Gandhi and Manmohan Singh as old friends of the Chinese people, who have made important contributions tothe development of the Sino-India relationship.X! J#np!ng z3nsh2ng Su6n!y-·G`nd# h9 X~n ,g9 sh# Zh4nggu5 r9nm!n de l2op9ngyou, ch1ngq~ y@l1i w-i Zh4ng -Y#n gu`nx# f`zh2n zu7ch$le zh7ngy3o g7ngxi3n.习近平赞赏索尼娅·甘地和辛格是中国人民的老朋友，长期以来为中印关系发展做出了重要贡献。