【初中英语】2017临沂中考英语复习语法考点陈述句、祈使句、疑问句和感叹句精讲真题精炼试卷 外研版

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考点一 陈述句之肯定句变否定句

陈述句是用来叙述一件事情或表明说话人的看法、态度等的句子。包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。通常肯定句变否定句的方法是:

1. 若句中有连系动词be、情态动词或助动词,则分别在它们的后面加上not。如:

His mother has already called the police for help.

→His mother hasn’t called the police for help yet.

例 Sometimes you’re supposed to come early. (变为否定句)

Sometimes you supposed to come early.

解析:因为句中有连系动词are,所以在变否定句时,应在are后加not。 答案:are not

2. 原句中没有连系动词be、助动词或情态动词时,要在行为动词前加助动词(do,does,did)与否定副词not。并注意这时的行为动词要用原形。另外,还需要将原句中的some改为any,too改为either,already改为yet。如:

The old man hurt his leg last Wednesday. →The old man didn’t hurt his leg last Wednesday.

例 He did some work this morning. (变为否定句)

He do work this morning.

解析:句子的谓语动词为did,变否定句时加助动词did与not,注意这时的行为动词要用原形,句中的some变为any。 答案:didn’t,any

3. 英语中有些肯定句与not连用只表示部分否定,所以在变为否定句时,只需将其中的某一(些)词语变为否定词即可。常见的这类词有both→neither,all→none,both... and... →neither...

nor... ,everyone/each→no one/nobody,each/either→neither,a few→few,a little→little。如:

All the students are listening carefully. →None of the students is/are listening carefully.

Both Joy and Sam like singing Beijing Opera. →Neither Joy nor Sam likes singing Beijing

Opera.

例 I know about the news. You can ask Peter. He can tell you the news.

A. everything B. nothing C. anything

解析:从句子You can ask Peter. He can tell you the news. 可判断,“我”对这个消息一无所知,所以用否定词nothing。 答案:B

4. 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的主语是第一人称,谓语动词是think时,如果要否定后面的宾语从句,习惯上否定主句的谓语动词。如:

I think she will come here soon.

→I don’t think she will come here soon.

考点二 祈使句

祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。常省略主语,谓语动词用原形。肯定结构都以动词原形开头。否定结构主要有“Don’t+动词原形+其他”和“No+名词或动名词”两种形式。

Put the books in your bag. 把书放到你的书包里。

Don’t be late. 不要迟到。

No parking here. 这里禁止停车。

例1 buy your ticket from a ticket machine. There are lots of people there.

A. Not B. Not too C. Don’t D. Don’t to

解析:祈使句的否定形式是在句子前面加don’t,故答案选C。 答案:C

例2 —Look at the sign;what does it mean?

—It means“ ”.

A. Don’t talking B. No talking C. Not talk

解析:表示“不要说话”可以使用Don’t talk. 或No talking. 两种形式,因此答案为B项。

答案:B

中考对祈使句的考查主要有:

1. 祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换

(1)“Let’s+动词原形+其他”可转换为“Shall we+动词原形+其他? ”。如:

Let’s go fishing this afternoon.

=Shall we go fishing this afternoon?

(2)“祈使句+and/or+简单句”可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。如:

Use your head,and you’ll find a way.

=If you use your head,you’ll find a way.

Hurry up,or we’ll be late.

=If we don’t hurry up,we’ll be late.

例 a dairy every day and you’ll improve your writing.

A. Keeping B. To keep C. Keep D. If you keep

解析:句意:每天记日记,那么你将会提高你的写作。祈使句(动词原形居首)+and you will...

意为“做……,你就会……”。结合句意知选C。

答案:C

2. 祈使句的应答语

(1)以Let’s开头的祈使句,其答语常用Good idea. /OK. /Yes,I’d love to. 等。如:

—Let’s go to the park. 让我们去公园吧。

—Good idea. 好主意。

(2)其他肯定祈使句的应答语为Yes,I will. ;否定祈使句的应答语为Sorry/No,I won’t(do

it again). 。如:

—It’s going to rain. Remember to take an umbrella with you. 就要下雨了。记着带上雨伞。

—Thanks,I will. 谢谢,我会的。

—Don’t play with my cat. 不要和我的猫玩。

—Sorry,I won’t do it again.

对不起,我将不再那样做了。

例 —Wish you good luck in the entrance exam.

— . The same to you.

A. Thank you B. See you C. I’m sorry to hear that

解析:对别人的美好祝愿应表示感谢。故本题答案选A。 答案:A

考点三 疑问句之一般疑问句

英语的疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种。所谓一般疑问句,就是可以用yes或no来回答的疑问句。

1. 肯定形式的一般疑问句

此类一般疑问句的结构为:“连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他? ”。如:

—Is he a good student? 他是一个好学生吗?

—Yes,he is. 是的,他是。/No,he isn’t. 不,他不是。

—Does he go to school by bike?

他骑自行车去上学吗?

—Yes,he does. 是的,他骑。/No,he doesn’t. 不,他不骑。

例 —Do you have anything good to suggest?

— . If I have,I will put it on the QQ message.

A. Yes,I have B. No,I haven’t C. Yes,I do D. No,I don’t

解析:句意:“你有什么好的建议吗? ”“没有。如果有的话,我就给你QQ留言。”根据句意可知,用No作否定回答,另外,have是实义动词,缩略语为No,I don’t. 。 答案:D

2. 否定形式的一般疑问句

此类一般疑问句主要表示反问或惊讶,通常在连系动词be,情态动词或助动词后加not的缩略式n’t,并放在句首。如:

—Aren’t you a writer? 难道你不是作家吗?

—No,I’m not. 是的,我不是。

【注意】在这样的句子中,要注意句子的翻译,yes翻译成“不”,no翻译成“是的”。

例 —Isn’t he a teacher?

— . He is a reporter from CCTV.

A. No,he isn’t B. Yes,he is C. Yes,he isn’t D. No,he is

解析:由答语可知,他不是老师。故答语应选A。答语意为“是的,他不是(老师),他是中央电视台的记者”。 答案:A

3. 用yes,no之外的词回答的一般疑问句

一般疑问句也可用其他表示肯定或否定的词回答,如:certainly,sure,of course,I think

so,all right,certainly not,not at all,never,sorry,not yet,I’m afraid not等。

—Would you mind my joining your talk?

我加入你们的讨论,你们介意吗?

—Of course not. 当然不介意。

例 —Would you please help me with my writing skills?

. You can come to my office every Saturday.

A. That’s all right B. Not at all C. No problem D. No,thanks

解析:That’s all right“没关系”;Not at all“不用谢”;No problem“没问题”;No,thanks“不,谢谢”。根据You can come to my office every Saturday. 可知“可以帮忙”。故答案选C。