1. 关于语音的几个概念
1) 字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,
2) 音标：词的语音形式。
3) 音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。
4) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap”ple, stu”dent, tea”cher, un”der”stand
5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。
6) 辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。
7) 开音节：绝对开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e：name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi，he, go, hi
8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it
9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
国际音标
元音
1、单元音：
前元音[i:] [i] [e] [?]
中元音[?] [?:] [?]
后元音[u:] [u] [?:] [?] [a:]
2、双元音：
开合双元音[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au]
集中双元音[i?] [ε?] [u?]
辅音
1、爆破音：
清辅音[p] [t] [k]
浊辅音[b] [d] [g]
2、摩擦音：
清辅音[f] [s] [?] [θ][h]
浊辅音[v] [z] [?] [e]
3、破擦音：
清辅音[t?] [tr] [ts]
浊辅音[d?] [dr] [dz]
4、鼻音浊辅音）：[m] [n] [?]
5、舌则音（浊辅音）：[l] [r]
6、半元音（浊辅音）：[w] [j]
字母音标
A a [ei]
B b [bi:]
C c [si:]
D d [di :]
E e [i:]
F f [ef]
G g [d3i:] H h [eit∫]I i [ai] J j [d3e i] K k [kei] L l [el]
M m [em] N n [en] O o [?u] P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:]
S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:] V v [vi:]
W w [′d ? j
blju:] X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:][zed]
1.元音:
1) [ i:] 字母组合: ee ea e ie ei y
举例：three tree green sheep meet beef see
eat tea
meat leave lead teacher speak clean please h e she me piece receive ceiling
Heat the meat so we can eat.
Blue sea, blue sea, please keep this key.
A sheep eats some beef and drinks some green tea.
2) [ I ] 发音字母: i y e ui u a
举例：sit pig big little many
it is little six happy dictionary
defect decide delicious
A chicken is in the kitchen.
A big pig hit my hip and it hurt a little bit.
Six sick hicks nick six slick bricks with picks and sticks.
3) [ ?] 发音字母: a
举例：bag hand happy hat map mad bad black back
glad man
Happy cat has a black hat.
A red red apple, I love red red apple.
4) [ e ] 字母组合: ea e a
举例：
head bread bed red elephant remember sell
lesson better desk hotel yes egg
My pet and pen were left on Terry’s bed.
The eggs he sells everyday are better than everybody else s ells.
5) [ З:][?: ]字母组合: ir ur ear er or
举例：
girl shirt skirt thirty third bird turn
nurse turtle
Thursday learn earth term her work world
A girl, a skirt, a girl has a skirt.
6) [ ?] 字母组合er or ar o a
举例：
teacher remember player speaker doctor actor
author familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today lesson around account ago elephant banana
Panda in China don’t like banana.
That doctor likes to eat carrots in winter.
7) [a:] 字母组合: ar a
举例：
car farm card arm fast class glass plant
A car is in a park.
Smart Clark parked his car in a park where a lark sang in the dark.
8) [ ?] 发音字母: u o ou oo
举例：
up lunch fun gun nut cup bus come mother dose love above trouble blood flood
Money, money, give me money.
Never trouble about trouble until trouble troubles you!
9) [?: ] 字母组合: al or au our ar
举例：
small wall talk tall ball walk short more lor
d horse
for forty sport author autumn caught four warm
She was born four years ago.
She thought she ought to take a walk before four o’clock.
10) [ ?] ([?]) 发音字母: o a
举例：on hot lot fox box dog rock want wash watch
What’s your name ?
A dog is in a box.
Bob has a good job and a lot of hobbies.
Does a doctor doctor another doctor the way the doctor doin
g the doctor wants to be doctored, or does the doctor doin
g the doctoring doctor the other doctor in his own way？
11) [u:] 字母组合: oo o u
举例：
food room goose tooth shoe do two true blue full
blue moon junk food
Give two true tools to the troops.
12) [u] 字母组合: u oo ou
举
例：put full push look good foot book wood should
could
This is a good book.
I’m a good person. I do everything I should do! Underwood would read book if Underwood knew where his book was.Underwood’s book was in Durwood’s woods.Underwood went i nto Durwood’s woods and got his book.
13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
举
例：name cake late plane April play say may way
great break rain paint plain they grey
They play with me in the rain.
I baked a cake in a rainy day in May.
14) [ai] 发音字母i y
举例：
bike fine find nine light night my try
fly eye
A tiger has bright eyes in the forest of the night.
15) [au] 字母组合：ou ow
举例：
house out ground sound loud around mouse
flower down now cow how
Get out, get out, get out of the house! How are you? Speak loudly!
16) [??] 发音字母: o ow oa
举例:
me old go no know low below grow show
boat coat goal
I don’t know my mother is at home now.
East or west, home is best.
17) [ ?i ] 字母组合: oy oi
举例: boy toy oil soil voice choice
A boy has a toy.
The spoiled boy lost his toy and made a lot of noise.
18) [I?] 字母组合：eer ear [i?]
举例：beer deer ear near idea
I have an ear, I can hear.
19) [??] 字母组合：ar air ere
举
例：pear bear chair air fair there where c are
Can you dare? Can you dare?
Can you see a bear? Where? Where?
There, there, a bear in a square.
Be there or be square. 不见不散
20) [??] 字母组合: ure [u?]
举例：sure poor tour
I’m sure, you are poor!
2、辅音
清辅音:
21. [ p ] 字母组合: p
举例：pen pet paper plant
A big black bear sits on a big black bug,
A big black bug bits a big black dog on his big black nose.
22. [ t ] 字母组合: t
举例：time table stay toy
A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail. Good better best, never let it rest, till good is better, and better best .
23. [ k ] 字母组合: k c ck
举
例：kite king kitchen can car cake trick loc k
I like chocolate.
A cat may look at the king.
24. [ f ] 字母组合: f ph gh
举例：foot feet fog phone photo elephant
Frank’s father found Frank fooling with Frank’s father’s p hone.
Five, five, Give me five!
25. [ θ] 字母组合: th
举例：thin thank three thing bath
Something is better than nothing.
A mouse has a mouth.
I thought a thought but the thought I thought I thought wa s not the thought I thought .If the thought I thought had been the thought I thought I thought ,I would not have t
hought so much .
26. [ s ] 字母组合: s c
举例：six sing snow cinema city
I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice-cream!
27. [ ts ] 字母组合: ts
举例：ants streets students
She has lots of cats.
A box of biscuits,a box of mixed biscuits.Bob bought three boxes of biscuits and two boxes of mixed biscuits.
28. [ tr ] 字母组合: tr
举例：tree truck try
The tacky tractor trailers trucks.
29. [ ?] 字母组合: sh
举例：ship shoe shop short
Should Shawn shave a short man with short hair or a shy m an whose short legs are shaking?
She sells seashells by the sea shore.
30. [ t?] 字母组合: ch
举例：chair chicken chinese
The chief chief chewed the cheap cheese.
31. [ h ] 字母组合: h
举例：hot he hat has he hard half
He hopes to have a happy holiday.
A horse is in the house.
I heard Henry has got hurt from the horse riding.
浊辅音:
32. [ b ] 字母组合: b
举例：boy ball bed bag
Barking dogs do not bite.
Bob’s bike is broken by a bad guy.
Betty has some bitter butter so she bought some better butt er to make the bitter butter better.
33. [ d ] 字母组合: d
举例：dog do day doctor
Dan didn’t drive directly to Denver, did he?
34. [ g ] 字母组合: g
举例：big lag glass gum good guest get go girl good
A good beginning makes a good ending.
Can you can a can as a canner can can a can?
A good cook cooks good cookies.
Goldie gold has a golden gate in her golden garden.
35. [ r ] 字母组合: r
举例：red read rain run write wrong problem
I borrowed some fresh fruits from our across-road neighbor, Rose, last Friday.
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
36. [ v ] 字母组合: v
举例：van voice seven eleven
Various visitors visited the village .
Vivien sold her violin and bought a van from Victor.
37. [ e] 字母组合: th
举例：this that these those
I’d rather bathe in a southern sea than wear thick clothes as northerners do .
38. [ z ] 字母组合: z s
举例：zoo zero pizza these those close keys boys She sells sea shells on the seashore.
The seashells she sells are seashells she is sure.
39. [ dz ] 字母组合: ds
举例：beds hands
Edward's seeds are in that child's hands.
40. [ dr ] 字母组合: dr
举例：dry drink dress driver
I had a strange dream in the train.
I
drank a lot last night, and then I dreamed a dreadful drag on.
41. [ ?] 字母组合: si(on）
举例：measure pleasure leisure usually television
George placed his broken televisions in the garage. In his garage there have been three broken televisions.
42. [ d?] 字母组合: g
举例：orange gentle page age large village
They reach the large village in the end.
John urges Jane to buy a digital watch.
其他辅音:
43. [ m ] 字母组合: m
举例：many meat mother music Tom mum
I’m an amazing person. I make every effort to achieve more !
A warm summer morning makes me merry.
A mouse is in the cat’s mouth.
44. [ n ] 字母组合: n
举例：no not noodle new now lend
I’m a confident person. If I don’t do it, nobody can!
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Nina never knew her new neighbor Nero knew her.
45. [ l ] 字母组合: l
举例：look long left light let late like lead Look at the light on your right.
Look before you leap.
Luke really likes lots of fried rice daily.
Don’t call me a doll, I’m only a ball.
46. [ ?] 字母组合: ng
举例：long sing ring bring think going
I’m an easygoing person. I never get angry at anything or with anybody!
Your singing and dancing are charming.
47. [ j ] 字母组合: y
举例：year yellow you yes few yard music
You usually clean your yard.
The yellow bird has yelled for many years in the yard of Yale .
48. [ w ] 字母组合: w wh
举例：word winter window What where when well work
Where there is a will, there is a way.
“”is short for “World Wide Web”
Would you like to wait a while for some warm wine to keep you warm?
If two witches watched two watches ,which witch would watch which watch ? Which wristwatch is a Swiss wristwatch ?