当前位置：文档之家 › 定语从句与虚拟语气

定语从句与虚拟语气

  • 格式：doc
  • 大小：118.50 KB
  • 文档页数：36

- - - - z -

回复:[四中网校资源]定语从句精讲 虚 ㈠ 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用： 英语中if 从句有两种：一种是以述语气叙述的叫做真实条件句，说明所提出的假想是可以实现的；另一种是以虚拟语气叙述的，叫非真实条件句，说明所提出的假想实现的可能性极小或与事实相反。这种虚拟语气一般因所指的时间的不同而分三种情况： ⒈ 表示与现在事实相反： If + 从句主语 + 动词的过去式…，主语+should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形… （be 一般用were）

如： ①If I were you, I would go by plane. 如果我是你，我将坐飞机去。（ In fact I am not you. ）

②If he were here, he would decide what to do. 如果他在这里，他会决定做什么。（In fact he isn’t here.）

③If I had the letter at hand, I would read it. 如果我手头有这封信的话，我会读它的。（In fact I don’t have the letter

at hand.）

④If she knew about it now, she would come. - - - - z - 如果她现在要是知道这件事的话，她会来的。（In fact she doesn’t know about it.）

⑤If he had time, he would go with you. 如果他有时间，他会同你一起去的。（In fact he is very busy, so he can’t

go with you.）

⒉ 表示与过去事实相反： If + 从句主语 + had + 过去分词…，主语+should/ would/ could/ might +have +过去分词… 如： ①If he had come here yesterday, I should have told him. 如果他昨天到这里来，我早就告诉他了。 (Fact: He did not come and I did not tell him.)

②If I had taken his advice, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake. 如果我当时接受了他的劝告，我是不会犯那样一个错误的。 (Fact: I didn’t take his advice and I made such a mistake.)

③If I hadn’t been so busy last Monday, I would have called her. 如果我上周一不忙的话，我早就给她打了。 (Fact: I was busy last Monday and I didn’t call her.)

⒊ 与将来事实可能相反： ①动词的过去式…， If + 从句主语 + ②should +动词原形…， + 主语 + should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形… ③were to +动词原形…， - - - - z - 如： ①If it should snow/snowed/were to snow tomorrow, I would not go out.

如果明天下雪的话，我就不出去了。

(But I know it won’t snow tomorrow.）

②If he failed/should fail/were to fail, he would try again. 如果他失败的话，他会再试一次。

(I know that most probably he won’t fail.）

③If I had time next year, I would study German. 如果我明年有时间的话，我就学德语。 (I know that most probably I won’t have time next year.)

◆ 在书面语中，有时if虚拟从句可使用倒装形式，方法是：如果if从句中含有were, had 或should时，把条件从句中的if省略，将were/ should/ had 移至主语之前。 如： ①If I were in his place, I should learn to drive. → Were I in his place, I should learn to drive.

如果我处于他的地位，我一定学开车。

②If it should snow tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. → Should it snow tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

如果明天下雪，会议将会延期。

③If they had helped us, we would have succeeded. → Had they helped us, we would have succeeded.

如果他们帮助了我们，我们早就成功了。

④If it were to snow tomorrow, what would you do? - - - - z - → Were it to snow tomorrow, what would you do? 万一明天下雪的话，你怎么办。

◆ 如果从句和主句所表示的动作发生的时间不一致，例如：一个与过去事实相反，另一个与现在事实相反，动词的虚拟语气形式应根据所指的实际时间来选用。 如： ①If he were alive, he might have finished his scientific researches on the bridge-building three years ago.

如果他现在还活着，他可能三年前就完成了他的桥梁建筑科研工作了。

（从句所表示的动作与现在事实相反，主句所表示的动作与过去事实相反）

②If you had followed his advice, you would not be in trouble now. 如果你当初听从他的建议，你现在就不会陷入这种困境了。

（从句表示的动作与过去相反，主句所表示的动作与现在相反）

③If I had followed the doctor’s advice, I would be quite all right now. 如果我当时听从了医生的建议，我现在就完全恢复了健康。

（从句所表示的动作与过去相反，主句所表示的动作与现在相反）

④If I were you, I would have gone with her. 如果我是你，我早就和她一起去了。

（从句表示与现在事实相反，主句所表示的动作与过去事实相反）

◆ 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语来表示 如： ①We could have done better under more favourable conditions. - - - - z - 在更有利的条件下，我们还可以做得更好些。 ②Without the warmth and light of the sun, the earth’s vegetation would die almost immediately.

如果没有太阳的热量和光，地球上的植物几乎会马上死去。

◆ 假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式来表现： 如： ①I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meet.

我那天生病了，否则就参加运动会了。

②But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 要是没有碰到暴风雨，我们还会早一些到的。

③I would have written before, but I have been ill. 本来该早就给你写信的，但我生病了。

㈡ 虚拟语气在wish后的宾语从句中的应用： wish 的各种时态都不影响从句的时态 ⒈ 与现在事实相反的愿望： wish + 从句主语+ 动词的过去式 如： ①He wishes he were a bird. 他希望自己是一只小鸟。

②I wish I were ten years younger. 真希望自己年轻十岁。

③I wish I remembered the address. - - - - z - 我要是记得地址就好了。 ⒉ 与过去事实相反的愿望： wish + 从句主语+ had + 动词的过去分词 如： ①She wished she had been braver then. 她真希望那时她胆子大一些。

②I wish he had gone to the exhibition. 要是他去参观展览会就好了。

③I wish you had been here yesterday. 要是你昨天在这里就好了。

④We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation. 但愿我们过去对发音注意得更多一些。

⒊ 与将来事实可能相反的愿望： wish + 从句主语+ should/would/could/might + 动词原形 如： ①We wish that he could be with us tomorrow. 但愿他明天和我们在一起。

②I wish he would try again. 我希望他还能再试一次。

㈢ 虚拟语气在suggest, demand, propose, command, request, desire, order, insist等动词之后的宾语从句中，表示命令和建议： suggest/ demand/ propose/ command/ request/ desire/ order/

合集下载

虚拟语气讲解

虚拟语气讲解

虚拟语气▲当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将were, should, had 等词置于句首。

例：Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。

▲ if only 要是…就好了 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。

▲ 在句中出现but for(if it were not for/ if it hadn ’t been for), without, otherwise, or else 等时，后面的虚拟语气形式参照上面表格中主句谓语动词形式，视句子涵义而定。

例：Without water and sunlight, all the creatures would die .I was quite busy at that time, otherwise I would have helped you.But for the doctor, I would still be lying in bed, suffering from liver failure. 三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气3．(1) advise，suggest, recommend,propose,demand, request,desire, urge,order, command,…+ that… (should) + 原形动词。

(2) It is suggested / requested / advised / ordered /…. that… (should) + 原形动词例：It is suggested that we should set out at once。

建议我们立即出发。

(3) advice, order, request, requirement, suggestion, 等充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，表语从句及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气，即：(should) + 动词原形。

高考英语语法复习-虚拟语气

高考英语语法复习-虚拟语气

虚拟语气
概述：
虽然在整个语法体系中，虚拟语气所占比重不大。

但是，它却是学生理解和掌握上的一个难点。

历年高考中，单独设题考查虚拟语气的情况并不是很多。

它的考查经常是，虚拟语气与情态动词，与陈述语气的混合考查。

题型涉及完形填空，短文改错等。

思维导图：
目的状语从句
方式状语从句
让步状语从句
原因状语从句
在if only 引导的条件句
在表示愿望的感叹句中
在“what if ….”句型中
知识点梳理：
I 基本概念：
语气：语气表达的是说话者的态度问题。

通常是通过句子中的谓语动词与一些情态动词的结合，或通过自身的变化。

英语中的3种语气：
II 虚拟语气的具体用法
1. 非真实条件句
4.定语从句
用于句型：It is (high/about) time (that) + 过去式(be动词保持was, were两种形式)
+ should do (should不可省)
It is time that you went to bed.
It’s high time that we should begin the meeting.。

虚拟语气在从句中的用法

虚拟语气在从句中的用法

虚拟语气在从句中的用法1.主语从句中的用法(1)在以 it 为形式主语的复合句中，虚拟语气在主语从句中表示建议、要求、命令等，谓语动词用 should be 型或 be 型虚拟式，在美国英语中常用be 型虚拟式。

如：It ’ s natural that she should do so.她这么做是很自然的事。

It is essential that we should tell her the news.我们有必要告诉她这个消息。

It is important that we should make full use of our mineral resources.对我们来说，充分利用我国的矿产资源是重要的。

It is strange that the result of the experiment should be unsatisfactory.奇怪的是实验结果竟然如此令人不满意。

It is desired that we should get everything ready by tonight.希望一切在今晚准备好。

It was arranged that Mr Sam should go and help Bettie.他们作了安排，由萨姆先生去帮助贝蒂。

(2) 主句的谓语为某些动词的被动语态，常用在It is (was) desired (suggested， settled ，proposed， recommended， requested， decided， etc.) that...句型中。

It is suggested that the question should be discussed at the next meeting.有人建议在下次会上讨论这个问题。

It is vital that he should be warned before it is too late.在还不太晚的时候警告他是非常必要的。

虚拟语气语法讲义02虚拟语气5种固定句式结构搭配总结-高中英语语法复习

虚拟语气语法讲义02虚拟语气5种固定句式结构搭配总结-高中英语语法复习

高中英语语法学习/复习讲义虚拟语气语法知识点讲义【精讲版·全国通用】虚拟语气5种固定句式结构搭配总结would rather后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的格式would rather后的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表过去的愿望。

如：I’d rather have left yesterday.昨天我本来宁愿离开的。

I’d rather you went tomorrow.我宁愿你明天去。

I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。

I would rather you didn't mention the price. 我愿意你别提价钱。

It’s time后的定语从句用虚拟语气的格式It’s time后的定语从句通常要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should 不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”。

如：It’s time we ordered dinner.现在该叫菜了。

It’s time that he studied hard.=It’s time that he should study hard.他学习该用功了。

注：time前有时有about和high修饰。

如：It’s high time you bought a new car.你该买辆新车了。

另外，与其他的虚拟结构不同，该结构不能在该用was时而用were。

如：It’s time I was in bed.我该上床睡了。

(不用were)as if / as though 从句用虚拟语气的格式以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+动词原形。