新编英语教程第2册workbook 听力与翻译答案Unit 1Dictation AEver since the modern Olympic Games began in 1896, they’ve had their critics. Every form of competitive activity attracts trouble. But part of the aim of the Games, when they were first held in Ancient Greece, was to discourage war between states by engaging them in a friendlier kind of competition.The spirit of competition in the Games does a lot of good, getting people to forget their differences in a communal activity. Any competitor or spectator at the Games or in the Olympic Village will tell you that the atmosphere of friendship there is unforgettable, as if the world were one big family.These Games are the biggest international gathering of any kind in the world. Not only do they bring sportsmen together, but they unite a world public. Isn’t this a sufficient reason for continuing them? As long as the majority wants it, these Games will continue.B: Association football, also known as soccer, is an 11-a-side team game played on a grass field. At each end of the field is a goal net. The object is to move the ball around the field, with the feet or head, until a player is in a position to put the ball into the net and score a goal. The goalkeeper defends the goal, and he is the only person allowed to touch the ball with his hands while it is in play. The ancient Greeks, Chinese, Egyptians and Romans all played a form of football. In the early 19th century it became an organized game in Britain, and was played in most universities and public schools. In 1863 the Football Association was formed. The first FA Cup final was played in 1872. The first World Cup was organized in Uruguay in 1930. The European Governing body, the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), was formed in 1954, and it controls the major European club competitions.Listening comprehensionAn American Sightseeing in AthensOne Sunday, Nick Tyler went with his aunt and uncle to see the Acropolis, the famous hill in the city of Athens. On their way they stopped at a large white marble stadium that the Greeks had built in 330 B.C.. The Greek nation had rebuilt it in 143 A.D., and then again in 1896 for the first modern Olympic Games. How thrilled the athletes must have been, Nick thought, to perform in such a stadium!Soon the Tylers arrived at the Acropolis itself. They climbed many steps to reach the top, and there they stood before the ruins of the beautiful Parthenon. Nick had seen pictures of the temple before, but the actual sight of the structure gave him an unexpected pleasure. Its design and proportion were perfect.The Greeks had built the Parthenon during their Golden Age, and it should have lasted fro thousands of years, but it didn’t. According to one of the guides near the gate, an army had once used the temple as a store house for ammunition; then, during a battle, it had exploded and left the building in ruins. Nick thought the soldiers ought not to have put the ammunition there; surely they could have kept it in another place. However, they probably never imagined that there would be such an explosion. Or perhaps they might not have appreciated the beautiful design of the fine structure.Nick and his relatives also visited one of the smaller structures on the Acropolis, and then theywent down to the marketplace of old Athens. The early Greeks must have liked to buy things in the shops there; they could always look up and see the beautiful temple on the hill. Afterwards, the Tylers stopped at a place which some people believe is the actual building where Socrates spent his last days. Nick felt sad when he thought of the death of that great teacher. Socrates, however, would have been very happy to know that many of his ideas still live today. When they returned home, Nick thanked his aunt and uncle for the interesting afternoon. They had been glad to show him the most famous monuments in their city. They had wanted to take him to other places that day, but there was not enough time. However, Nick would be in Athens for a whole year, and he would have many more Sundays for sightseeing and such experiences. TranslationThe transport problem in Lavenport has been growing because in this cosmopolitan city there are too many people but there is not enough space. The population has been increasing very quickly in recent years and now Lavenport has become very crowded. Hardly any city/ Very few cities in the world is/ are as crowded ad Lavenport. Since 1851 the people in this port city have been claiming land from the sea and today it is difficult to imagine what the original shoreline looked like. But over the years, reclamation schemes have been growing more and more expensive and today there is hardly any place left where reclamation is possible. The streets are becoming more and more crowded with buses, trams, cars and taxis. The harbor is one of the busiest in the world. Each day about five million passengers make use of some kind of public transport or other in Lavenport.Unit 2DictationA.The motion picture is a highly complex art form which combines many other arts.The filmmaker is a writer using language, a musician using music. He is a painter concerned with composition, light, and color. He is a sculptor molding (or moulding) forms in space, a choreographer shaping human movement. With the camera as the major tool, the filmmaker recreates the external world. Using the camera and putting pieces of film together or separating them in the editing process, the filmmaker powerfully controls time and space. A gunfight can become a ballet in slow motion. The act of climbing a short flight of stairs can be extended to seem like an endless journey, and an airplane can be made to cross continents in seconds. In the theatrical film, the filmmaker uses these and many other artistic techniques to tell a story.B.An opera is a play with music. The actors sing some of the words instead ofspeaking them. In grand opera, they sing all the words. The music and singing portray the moods of the story and the feelings of the characters in it.To appreciate an opera, you should go and see one. Listening to opera on the radio or on records does not give much idea of what it is really like. Going to an opera can be very exciting. There is usually a large orchestra, and a chorus of singers as well as the leading singer. The scenery is colorful and the stage lighting often very dramatic. Although parts of an opera are treated in such detail that the action is rather slow, the beauty of the songs compensates for the breaks in the action.However, it is not always easy to appreciate opera. Sometimes the words are in aforeign language, often Italian. Even if the opera is sung in English, it is sometimes difficult to make out the words. It helps if you get to know the story first. The programme always contains an outline of the story, so make sure you buy one at the opera house or theatre and read it before the curtain goes up. Translation B (Pay attention to the underlined parts)Where did movies begin? It’s often said they are American invention, but this is not entirely true. The motion picture has always been the most international of arts. At the end of the 19th century, inventors in France, England, and the United States were among the dozens of men who were trying to develop ways of using photographs to create the effect of motion.Soon after 1889, when the famous American inventor Thomas Edison first show motion pictures through a device called Kinetoscope, other devices for the same purposes appeared all over the world. Edison had solved certain problem, making it possible for other inventors to develop their own devices. One other important contribution by Edison was the introduction of 35mm. as the international standard film width. When it became possible to use any 35mm. machine for showing movies from any parts of the world, the international trading of films began to take place. Samples of retelling Retelling of dialogue I in unit 1Grandpa is emotional when he sees Chinese athletes doing well at the Olympic Games. He tells Linlin about the Chinese athletes’ experience at the thr ee Olympics before 1949 (what happened to the Chinese athletes when he was young, and china’s participation in the 1932, 1936 and 1948 Olympic Games) and attributes the sad experience to the then government.Retelling of reading I in unit 1This is an introduction to two kinds of football in the United States, namely American football and football, which is known to the Americans as “soccer”. The former is introduced by the first three paragraphs and the latter the fourth and the fifth paragraphs.•The first paragraph introduces the origin of American football and illustrates the enthusiasm the national sport inspires across the United States.•The second paragraph introduces the scoring method of American football as similar to that of rugby,•and the third shows the difference between the two games in terms of the physical protection offered to their players.•The fourth paragraph illustrates how soccer gains in popularity among the American public •and the fifth, as a conclusion of the fourth paragraph, points out the fact that soccer beats baseball in terms of the size of the audience and the brilliant promotion of the game.Retelling of dialogue I in unit 2A andB are talking about a four-act English play to celebrate Hong Kong’s return to the motherlan d. Since it’s the first time for the college to stage such a grand performance, a lot of students are involved in the rehearsal, and they have to sacrifice Friday evening for the rehearsal.B is eventually persuaded to play a role in the drama.Retelling of reading I in unit 2•The article is an informative analysis of the various stunts usually employed by filmmakers in shooting to make the actions more thrilling and lifelike. The stuntmen and stunts are involved infights, bullet firing, air rifles and other dangerous stunts like explosives, fire stunts, horse-riding, hand falls, climbing on aeroplanes and speeding motor vehicles.•The paragraphs are organized into a clear-cut three parts: the introduction in the first paragraph, the conclusion in the last paragraph and the body specifying different stunts.Retelling of dialogue I in unit 3A comes to school every day by bus so he tellsB that sometimes it is a very horrible experience. In the rush hour, too many people want to get on the bus, and A describes to B a terrible scene on a bus terminal. B also recalls a similar scene he saw the other day on bus where the seat for the aged is occupied by young guy. Then they talk about other rude manners they have seen in public. At last, they agree that it is time to quit those rude behaviors.Retelling of reading I in unit 3This article describes a story of the bad treatment the writer has received in a store. The writer came to a store to exchange a jumper, which was given by his friend as a gift, for a larger one. But the store didn’t have a larger size. When he was about to leave, two detectives mistakenly took him as a shoplifter. Under the writer’s continuous and strong protest, the manager and the two detectives in the store were reluctant to find out the truth after a long period of insensitivity. Although he proved his innocence at last with the one shop assistance as his witness, the ruthless treatment he had received made him very uncomfortable.Unit 3DictationA: Specialists in marketing have studied how to make people buy more food in a supermarket. They do all kinds of things that you do not even notice. For example, the simple, ordinary food that everybody must buy, like bread, milk, flour and vegetable oil, is spread all over the store. You have to walk by all the more interesting things in order to find what you need. The more expensive food is in packages with bright-colored pictures. This food is placed at eye level so you see it and want to buy it. The things that you have to buy anyway are usually located on a higher or lower shelf. However, candy and other things that children like are on lower shelves. The store has a comfortable temperature in summer and winter, and it plays soft music. It is a pleasant place for people to stay and spend more money.So be careful in the supermarket. You may go home with a bag of food you were not planning to buy. The supermarket, not you, decided you should buy it.B: While I was shopping in a large department store, I stopped in the book department. I spent at least 30 minutes there because I was looking for a number of books which I wanted to give to people as presents. I found quite a few of them so I put them in a pile beside me. I was standing there and reading the books quietly, choosing some and putting some others back, when an elderly lady came up to me, pushed a book at me and said, “I’ll take this.” I replied to her, “Go ahead, madam, but you had better pay for it first.” Then I realized that because I was standing by a great pile of books, she thought I was a shop assistant. I was starting to explain when she interrupted me and complained about the service in the shop. I said nothing and walked away.TranslationA. 1. The stuntman’s breathtaking performance left the audience panic-stricken (in panic).2. Since his health is deteriorating (worsen), I think it is time he got out of the bad habit of smoking.3. When Bill is preoccupied with his experiment, he has no idea of what is going on around him.4. Tom proposed to exchange this stamp of his for tha t book of John’s, but John refused.5. He accused his neighbor of playing the records too loudly at night.6. He is not such a fool as you assume him to be.B. On many occasions we may hear people say that men are superior to women. Actually this is a manifestation of chauvinism.Admittedly (Truly/ Of course/ Certainly), men are doing (performing/behaving/ achieving) better than women in most fields, but this is not women’s fault. The old (outmoded) traditions (conventions/ or The conventional ideas) which prevent women from enjoying equal opportunities with men have a lot to do with the problem (phenomenon).There is yet another invisible (unobvious/intangible) form of discrimination. That is the deep-rooted (deep-seated) prejudice that sees ignorance as a woman’s virtue. But of course it is true (can not be denied) that in our country women’s status has been greatly raised in the past fifty years.A main obstacle that often holds women back is fear (cowardliness), which results from social prejudice and keeps women from doing anything significant. To root out (break down/eliminate/eradicate) the conventional prejudices, women should hold to the belief that they can catch up with and surpass men. This belief will build up women’s confidence, overcome their fear, and shatter the myth that men are superior to women.Unit 4DictationA: The price of gasoline should have been set at ten dollars a gallon in 1918 when Henry Ford introduced the Model T. Consider what would have happened. If the price of gas had been too expensive for the average person, then there never would have been such serious pollution problems in every major American city. Moreover, there would be no need to rehabilitate our cities, because large numbers of people would never have left them for the suburbs. Finally, if the price had been set at ten dollars a gallon, there would have been enough gasoline reserves to last for centuries. Instead, the low price of gas helped to exhaust the supply and create over-dependence upon foreign sources of oil.B: People used to think that the Mississippi was too big to be polluted. But today it is in trouble. In the past half century or so hundreds of factories have been built on the banks of the river. As pollution has increased, so has the amount of harmful waste been discharged into the river. In many places the water can no longer be safely used for drinking or irrigation. Birds and fish have been killed off in large numbers by water pollution. A New York paper reported on February 8, 1972, “The Missis sippi has now been made so dirty that swimming and fishing in it are almost out of the question.”unit 5New and key words: LS (giggle, decay, up and down, stiff, bristle, silicon); Dia. I(it’s time since, upset, it feels good to, vague, deposit, rate, slot, run out of, hang up); (Dia. II(hitch, hike, polytechnic, rucksack, draught); Reading I(priority, preservation, conservation, appeal, fringe, glide, graze, devastate, nuisance)DictationA: A national Park is an area where natural scenery and wildlife is protected by law to preserve them for future generations. It is only recently that man has realized that he must make a positive effort if many species of wildlife and areas of great beauty are not to disappear forever.There are many kinds of areas of conservation and their central priorities may differ slightly. In the U.S.A., a national park such as Yellowstone safeguards natural features and wildlife in a way that will contribute to public enjoyment. In Africa generally, the chief purpose is the preservation of the remnants of the great herds of animals which once wandered around the country.National Parks depend on tourists for income but the animals must remain unharmed. National Parks may be small or large, privately or government owned.B: We’re trying to decide where to go on our vacation this summer. We usually go to Lake Arrowhead for a couple of weeks, but we’d like to go somewhere else this year. We’re tired ofdoing the same thing summer after summer. Some friends of ours suggested that we go to Hawaii. That would be wonderful! I’m sure we’d enjoy a trip like that, but of course it’s out of the question. In the first place, it would be terribly expensive, and in the second place, there wouldn’t be enough time. As a matter of a fact, if we wanted to plan a trip like that, it might be advisable to stay home this summer and not go any place. That’s one way we could begin to save money for next year’s trip. Also, if we were to stay here, I could offer to work instead of taking two weeks off; then maybe my boss would recommend that I be given four weeks’ vacation next summer instead of two weeks.Guided writing of Unit 6I do not quite recall what my grandma was like as she died when I was not yet ten. I only know that she was quite a scholar. The impression she left me was that of a frail, pale and smiling old lady. However, there is one thing that I remember very well. She always ate sparingly, and no meat at all, not even milk or eggs, which always surprised me. She was a vegetarian, my father told me, and a very thorough one, too. The result was disastrous: she was highly weakened by not absorbing proteins, the body-building elements, which are found much more abundantly in animal meat, milk and eggs than in vegetables. It is evident that without meat, milk and eggs, a human being cannot live a full and active life. It was really a pity that my grandma chose to be a vegetarian; otherwise I would have learned more of her and from her.Dictation of unit 6A: there are three main kinds of food. Sugar and starch are grouped together as carbohydrates: they are found in bread, potatoes and rice. These are mainly energy-giving food which the muscles and other tissues use. Fats are also energy-giving foods but do not give it as quickly as the sugars and starches as they have to be broken up in the liver and made into sugar before they can be burnt by the body. The other class known as proteins are the main solid part in all living cells. They are found in milk, meat and fish, and are necessary to the body to enable it to build new cells and repair old ones. For this reason growing children need more proteins than adults. As children are much more active than adults and use more energy for their size they need a lot of energy-giving foods, the carbohydrates. Children cannot get much of their energy from fat because it makes them unwell if they eat too much of it. A specially fine thing about the body is that it uses the things you like better than the things you do not like, so giving truth to the old saying “A little of what you fancy does you good.”B: As the number of people in the world increases, people face more and more serious problems. Food, clothing and shelter are what we need most, but we will not have enough materials to provide people with all the necessaries.How are we trying to avoid these problems? One solution is that we should have smaller families and lower the birth rate. Many nations have plans to limit their population. Another solution is that we should improve our food supply. Farmers are experimenting with ways to increase the amount of food that they grow on each piece of land. Another solution that may help is to plan places for people to live. Many countries are limiting the size of their large cities and trying to make people live in small towns and in the countryside.Translation in unit 6China has long been looked upon as a land of many famous craftsmen whose artistic works are treasured to this day. The most famous of all was a man called Lu Ban. He lived many centuries ago, but people still remember the marvelous houses and palaces he planned and built even thoughthe buildings themselves have long disappeared. Lu Ban’s skill was so remarkable that people even used to wonder if he was immortal. Although it is a long time since Lu Ban left this world, old men in Beijing say that Lu still has the welfare of all craftsmen in his heart. Whenever craftsmen find themselves in difficulty, they pray to Lu Ban for help. There are many stories in Beijing about the occasions on which Lu Ban gave his help to ordinary craftsmen.Unit 7DictationA. What is communication? The dictionary defines it: “giving or explaining information by speaking or writing.” Animals can’t read or write or speak a human language but they do communicate. Animals exchange information about food, about territory, about danger and safety. They express fear, hunger, anger, pleasure and recognition.Animals messages are not always expressed in sounds. Animals mark their territory in different ways. The scratches on the trees or the smell that remains on the stones tell other animals that the territory is occupied. Some animals communicate by touching. Lions, tigers, and other members of the cat family show friendliness by rubbing their heads or necks together. Color is sometimes very important in animal communication. Some kinds of fish change color when they are angry or frightened. A peacock displays the beautifully colored feathers in his tail when he wants to attract a female.The next time you are walking in a forest or a field, look and listen for animal signals.B. Training a dog to be a watchdog often produces unexpected results. Some dogs quickly learn the difference between unwanted people and friends. This is because their masters welcome friends and invite them into their houses. However, some dogs will always attack the postman who comes to deliver letters. One explanation for this behavior is that, although the postman comes to the house often, he never enters the house. Therefore, the dog thinks the postman is someone who is not wanted, but keeps coming back anyway.Masters of dogs who attack postmen can easily show the dog that the postman is a friend and that the dog does not need to treat him as an unwanted person. A dog is quite ready to do what his master wishes. And a dog is always happy when he is praised for understanding correctly.Unit 8DictationA. Imagine sitting on the smooth floor of a dark room. There are no windows or doors. The walls are so thick that no noise from outside can reach you. At first, you might enjoy the restfulness. There would be nothing for you to do. If you were tired, you might fall asleep after a while. But how would you feel when you woke up?If you couldn’t see or hear or smell anything, you wouldn’t know where you were. You wouldn’t know what time it was. Soon, you might start to see things which are not there. You might see flashing lights, hear dog barking, or smell a cake baking. You might imagine that the floor or the walls were moving. You might feel very warm or very cold. You might even shout to the people outside the room, asking them to let you out.What has been happening? The human mind is deprived of external stimuli it’s used to. It manufactures its own.B. Most people rarely think about how or why they sleep. We need to sleep to rest our bodies and our minds. Both are important in order for us to be healthy. It seems there are two purposes ofsleep: physical rest and emotional rest.Each night we alternate between two kinds of sleep: active sleep and passive sleep. Passive sleep gives our body the rest that is needed, and prepares us for active sleep, in which dreaming occurs. In passive sleep, the body is at rest, and the brain becomes very inactive. If we continue to sleep, we will enter a more active stage, in which the brain goes from being very inactive and being active and the eyes begin to move rapidly. The eye movement signals that the person is dreaming. This alternating cycle is repeated several times throughout the night. During eight hours of sleep, we dream for a total of one and a half hours, on the average.Many people say that they do not dream, or that rarely dream. This is not what actually happens, because everyone dreams and in fact, everyone needs to dream in order to stay healthy. The truth is we need both kinds of sleep: we need passive sleep to rest our bodies, and active sleep in order to dream. Dreaming helps us to rest our minds.Unit 9DictationA. Vending machines sell many different types of items. Some of them sell cold drinks like soda, or hot drinks like coffee or hot chocolate. Others sell candy, stamps, tickets, newspapers, and other types of small things.These machines have been successful for two reasons. They save time and they are convenient. Besides, they need no salesclarks or cashiers. In many places the customer can use the machines at any time of day or night.Although there are many different sizes and types of vending machines, they all work in basically the same way. The customer puts a coin into the machine and then pushes a button, pulls a lever, or opens a door to receive the merchandise. Some machines will also return change to the customer, and a few will make change for paper money. But the basic idea is the same. Customers like to save time and are usually willing to pay a higher price for this.B. The robot is with us already. Robot devices have appeared quite innocently and we are so familiar with them that we no longer even notice their existence. We drive along the road and we obey the signals given to us by the robot traffic signals which replace the policeman waving his arms. One thing that amuses foreigners is that the Englishman still obeys the signals given by these robots even if it is two o’clock in the morning when there is little or no traffic on the ro ads. In the kitchen the housewife passes on some of her chores to her robot washing machine and to her robot dish-washer. We make a telephone call to Europe, and the switching is completely handled by robots. In some cases programmes produced by a computer are being used to control the operation of machine tools in the factory.。
