Unit 1VocabularyA. Guessing the meanings of words:1. f2. h3. c4. b5. g6. e7. d8. aB. Looking up words in a dictionary:1. inconvenient and uncomfortable2. sad; low in spirits3. gloomy; cheerless4. make a short, deep, rough sound (like a pig), showing dissatisfaction5. very necessary6. shock deeply; fill with fear7. timidly8. greatest; extremeTEXT IComprehensionB. 1. Because I was in bad need of money and was eager to do something of use, I applied for thejob. But at the same time that I did so, I was afraid that the possibility for me to get the job was very small because I didn’t have a university degree, nor did I have any teaching experience.2. …three days later I received a letter, asking me to go to Croydon to have an interview.3. He cast a look at me with the same surprise and dislike as a colonel would look at a soldierwhen his bootlaces came loose.4. Apparently the headmaster and I had no similar interests.5. The way teaching was organized filled me with terror (or, I was shocked at the teachingarrangements).6. I should have to divide the class into three groups of three different levels and teach themone after another.7. I felt troubled not because I had to walk for a mile along the dusty streets of Croydon,followed by a group of boys, but because at that time most of my friends were having a good time and relaxing.8. The fact that I would have to work under a woman in future made me feel totallyhumiliated.TEXT IITEXT IIIComprehension1. F (It is looking for people who are able to sell the benefits of the classified columns bytelephone.)2.T3. F (It is important.)4. F (Drive here is a noun, meaning “a forceful quality of mind or spirit that gets things done” or“initiative” (动力、干劲). Applicants must possess this sort of “drive.”)5. F (It’s a job that anyone who thinks he is qualified can apply for.)6.TGUIDED WRITINGSentence CombinationReference Version:I love travelling by train. Fast expresses, slow local trains which stop at every station, suburban trains taking businessmen to their offices and home again; I enjoy them all. It must be the element of romance that attracts me. There’s no romance in a car on a motorway, which is a box of metal and rubber on a strip of concrete, or in flying through the air in a pressurized tube from one identical plastic and glass airport to another. But trains are different. On a train, you can walk around, look at the scenery, observe your fellow passengers; whereas in a plane all you can see are the clouds and the back of other people’s heads. And then there are the stations. Some, I am afraid, have become too like airports; others, fortunately, are old and dirty, full ofunexpected details and with their own individual peculiarities. Travelling by train remains an adventure, as you try to interpret the timetable, persuade the booking office clerk to sell you a ticket and understand the incomprehensible messages coming over the loudspeaker systems. Then there’s that delightful uncertainty as you wonder whether you are on the right train, or the right part of the train. There’s nothing like it.Pr is WritingReference version:I applied for my first job before I entered the university because I was short of money. The school where I applied for a job was ten miles away from where I lived and I was not sure if I could get the job. However, after a terrible journey I was so depressed that I no longer felt nervous. The Victorian schoolhouse stood amid fumes and dust by a busy main road. The headmaster was not at all scholarly, neither was the inside of the house academic looking. By and by I discovered that the headmaster and I had very little in common. He wanted me to teach twenty-four boys from seven to thirteen who were to be split up into three levels. I had to teach everything including the subjects I abhorred. Furthermore, I had to work on Saturdays too. The pay, however, was low. To top it all, I had to work under a woman, the headmaster’s wife, who was the real manager of the school.Letter Writing1.Flat 301, 574 Daxing StreetXining, Qinghai 81005615 June, 20 __Dear Prof. Qing,2.Flat 402, 583 Ningpo Road,Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325008December 20, 20 __Dear Uncle Ming,3.609 Grant StreetEnterprise, OR 97828U.S.A.March 2, 20 __Dear Minnie,IV. TranslationA. 1. They all believed that he had a slim chance of success.2. I don’t know why she has an air of sadness all the time.3. It was after all the students had taken their seats that the president of the students’ unionproceeded to announce the camping itinerary.4. The stomach is a vital organ of the human body; please take good care of it.5. He considered it ridiculous for the general manager to attach so much importance to thoseroutine trifles.6. Her study, which ranged over many languages and cultures, was full of challenge.7. As is scheduled, all the members of the staff take turns to do late duty.8. She was greatly upset at the thought of leaving her parents and living on her own in aremote area.9. We do not worry so much about her qualifications for the job as about her health.10. He was greatly excited about the prospect of having a cruise around the world.B.Reference version:From Fred’s point of view, the interview was going very smoothly indeed. Five days before, he had applied for a job at a small business company and now he was being interviewed by one of its directors.Fred had been working as a salesman. He wanted to change his job not because he was short of money, but because as a salesman he could hardly enjoy any leisure at all.Fred had been worried that he might lose his head and say something silly, but fortunately he found that he had a lot in common with the director.It was clear that the director was quite satisfied. Fred was thinking that his chances of landing the job were favourable when the director proceeded to ask, “Do you mind working overtime?”V. Blank FillingE. 1. attaches great importance to 2. survived3. competent, applied for4. have much in common5. judging by6. get to his feet7. ranging in price 8. a crocodile of, ranging in age9. Being 10. not so much, but the fact thatUnit 2TEXT IVocabularyA.Guessing the meanings of words and phrases:1. c2. a3. g4. d5. h6. b7. f8. eB.Looking up words in a dictionary:1.yield2.look intently and steadily / stare3.crossly, showing displeasure4.make unsatisfactory5.with obedience6.unfriendly7.keep in a small space8.(of a place) uncomfortably smallComprehensionA. 1. Tom and Peter had always had great fun together in the garden, but Peter’s sudden illnessspoiled their plan for another enjoyable holiday. Of course Tom wept tears of anger and felt furious now that he had to leave the garden and Peter.2. Peter was down with the measles and might well have had a sore throat.3. Perhaps Tom intended to say: “All I said was I would rather have measles with Peter thango to Uncle Alan’s.”4. Uncle Alan was very kind to take Tom away at short notice, but Tom was unwilling to goand said something ungrateful. Tom’s mother was worried that Uncle Alan would hear what Tom intended to say and be upset.5. She sensed that Tom was cross and might be rude to his uncle and aunt.6. Tom didn’t want to leave Peter and his mother so he was not at all grateful to Uncle Alanfor taking him away. He wished that his uncle had refused to take him to his house.Since his mother expected him to agree with her, he couldn’t say anything to the contrary, so he repeated “very kind” bitterly.7. Peter didn’t want Tom to go away, leaving him all alone. When Tom was leaving hecouldn’t stay quietly in bed. He got up and went to the window to wave good-bye to Tom in spite of his mother’s orders that he ought to stay in bed.8. He was angry to be taken away in a hurry to a new place without Peter. Besides, theirplan to have great fun during the summer holidays was going to be completely spoiled.That’s why he sat in the car in an unfriendly way without saying anything.B. 1. Therefore / As a natural consequence / So2. in a deep, hoarse sound3. He said good-bye to the garden by looking at it and felt furious that…4. Usually / More often than not, town gardens are small; the same is the case with the Longs’garden.5. Mrs. Long held the case tight for a while, in an effort to call his attention first.6. …pushed him towards the car so as to send him away and then followed him to it.7. How can we thank you enough for taking Tom away so quickly. We had hardly any timeto ask for your consent.8. …without considering the pain and suffering it might give others, Tom waved good-bye toPeter whose red, feverish face was pressed against the bedroom window.9. …keeping very quiet and showing strong resentment and unfriendliness…10. I hope we can get along with each other quite well.TEXT IITEXT IIIComprehension1. B2. A3. A4. B5. B6. CGUIDED WRITINGSentence CombinationReference version:Smallpox, the most devastating and feared pestilence in human history, is making its laststand in two remote areas of Ethiopia, one in the desert and one in the mountains. By the end of August only five villages had experienced cases in the preceding eight weeks. More important, the onset of the last known case was on August 9. Because man is the only known reservoir of the smallpox virus, the disease should be eliminated forever when the last infected person recovers. Right now more than 1,000 Ethiopian health workers, together with 10 epidemiologists of the World Health Organization, are combing the countryside to make sure no more cases exist. For two years after the last case is recorded the search will continue for additional outbreaks. If none is found, and if a WHO international commission can be satisfied that the search has been thorough, smallpox will be declared to have been eradicated from the earth. It will be the first such achievement in medical history. (From a medical report written in 1976)Pr is WritingReference version:Some people go on holiday unwillingly, as in the case of Tom Long. He and his brother Peter were very dear to each other and had planned to spend the summer holidays together enjoyably. Now that Peter was down with the measles, Tom had to go to his Uncle and Aunt’s to be kept away from Peter because of this dreadful disease. On the day of his departure, he looked longingly at the garden and at the would-be treehouse among the apple tree branches, with anger surging up inside. How he’d miss the garden and Peter! Tom’s mother wasn’t any happier in sending him away. Besides, she was worried whether Tom would behave himself at his uncle’s. When Tom got into his Uncle’s car, he sat in hostile silence in spite of his Uncle’s friendliness. He would much rather that his Uncle was cruel to him so that he could have an excuse to run back home. His Aunt was even worse, because she was a child-lover. How could he stand this! He would be cooped up in a small flat with no garden, no playmates. He was cornered.Letter WritingReference version:1.16 August, 20 __Dear Ellen,I’m sorry that I did not write back as soon as I got your letter but I’ve been very busy …2.Shanghai, 16 June, 20 __ Dear Amy,It was a great pleasure to get your long letter telling me about your recent experience …3.Wuhan, 2 July, 20 __ Dear Ben,After such a long wait, at last I got your letter of 26th July …4.25 Dayton Road,Staines, Surrey7 September, 20 __The ManagerABC Book CompanyLondonDear Sir,I was happy to receive your letter of 5 September 20 __ …IV. TranslationA. 1. This old man lived overseas when he was young and had many unusual experiences.2. She is a well-liked physics teacher with a lot of teaching experience.3. My shoes are brand-new; I’d rather stay until it clears up.4. Upon leaving the small house where she lived in her childhood, she looked hergood-bye at every familiar object around.5. He was asked to leave for Xi’an at such short notice that he didn’t even have time tocall his wife.6. Their reluctance to join us in the speech contest really spoilt our fun.7. Please note that every student should keep classroom discipline, and you are noexception.8. I don’t care so much about working overtime occasionally, but about your calling offmy holidays with no notice.9. The speaker cleared his throat to claim the attention of the audience.10. He was tired of the hustle and bustle of the urban life and hoped to move to thecountry, expecting a change in his current life style.B. Reference version:When I was very little, I longed to go to the countryside with my father and brother, but I never got a chance. Father went once a year during his holiday to the countryside where my grandmother lived. As a rule, he took my brother Qiangqiang with him. I remember when I was four, there was a lot of talking about countryside-going as Father’s holiday was drawing near.I was certain that this time Father would take Qiangqiang along as usual. But one morning while I was in the bedroom playing with my doll, Mother called up, “Pingping, come down.”To my surprise, Mother told me with tears in her eyes that I would be sent to my grandmother’s. I was delighted and looked everywhere for my father and Qiangqiang, but they were nowhere to be seen. When the time came for me to leave, Mother murmured, “Pingping, try to be good. Mama and Papa are sure to come to see you soon.”It was not till then that I knew I would be going to the countryside alone, all alone. I clung to my mother, weeping tears of sadness.V. Blank FillingE. 1. As a rule 2. no exception to3. Keep to your bed4. in a gesture of despair5. clung to6. spoiled7. claimed 8. helped out9. in hostile silence, at such short notice 10. If onlyUnit 3TEXT IVocabularyA. Guessing the meanings of words and phrases:1. b2. e3. h4. d5. f6. a7. c8. gB. Looking up words in a dictionary:1. guide or direct2. strange3. very unusual, remarkable4. example of events happening at the same time5. a long journey by water6. certain7. weakly8. specialComprehensionB. 1. …after about half an hour of casual chatting, we began to make the conversation followthe course as we had planned.2. …it really looks as if we two had planned our trips together, doesn’t it?3. …that’s what Dr Double L. Dee would call an amazing coincidence.4. But remember that the two captains travelled in opposite directions and that is quiteimportant, you know.5. “Well,” my uncle interrupted.6. Here Captains Smitherton began to speak at last.7. Kate jumped up to bring the quarrel to a close by pretending that a new idea had struck her.8. You are being judged about something that you do n’t really know.In other words. a judgment will be passed on you for your unreasonable demands made on Robert and me.TEXT IIComprehension1.This is usually known as the Bermuda Triangle. More than a hundred planes and ships havedisappeared without leaving a trace in this area, most of which got lost since 1945.Furthermore, a thousand lives have been lost in the past thirty-three years, and not a single body or even a piece of wreckage from the vanishing planes or ships has been found.2.Many of the lost planes had had normal contact with their base or terminal destination untilthey suddenly disappeared altogether. And some others had been able to radio the most extraordinary messages, saying that their instruments had stopped functioning, that their compasses were spinning, that the sky had turned yellow and hazy (on a clear day) and that the ocean (which was calm nearby) did not look right, and then, all of a sudden they disappeared without making clear what was really the matter.3.Up to the present day, there has not been any explanation of the disappearance of ships andplanes. And when the Seventh Coast Guard declares that they will discontinue the search fora plane or ship which is overdue, the general public and the searchers cannot help expressingthe feeling or making the comment either directly or indirectly that it is connected with the ongoing phenomenon of the Bermuda Triangle.TEXT IIIComprehension1.Caribbean2.supply ship, was lost in 19183.Anita, Norwegian freighter, was lost in 19734.Rosalie, French sailing vessel, was lost in 18405.U.S. cabin cruiser, 19676.southwest, southGUIDED WRITINGSentence CombinationReference version:Columbus made four voyages to the west between 1492 and 1504 in his vain search for a sea route to Asia. The mystery of why he failed to find it haunted him and filled him with sadness.Wherever he went —to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, South America, Panama, down the coast of Central America —it was always the same story. Instead of golden palaces, there were grass huts and palm-leaf tents. Instead of silk-robed merchant princes, he found “Indians” who did not even have shirts on their backs.At times Columbus became reconciled to the truth that this new land was not China, not Japan, not the Spice Islands. He seemed to accept it as a part of the earth that the geographers ofEurope had never heard of before. It was another world —and he called it exactly that —but Columbus also insisted until he died that the land he had reached was an unknown part of Asia.Pr is WritingReference version:It was Sunday and Kate and I convinced my uncle that there could be three Sundays in a week. We invited two sailor friends who had just travelled round the world and had completed the trip that very day. The trip took them exactly one year. One captain insisted that the next day would be Sunday while the other said that the day before ought to have been Sunday. Kate explained that both of them were right, as they travelled in opposite directions. The earth is round, about 24,000 miles around, spinning from west to east. As one of the captains travelled eastward, he gained one hour for every 1,000 miles; but when the other travelled westward, he lost one hour over the same distance. So when they completed the 24,000 miles round the earth, one lost 24 hours while the other gained 24 hours. That was why the one travelling eastward was one day ahead of London time, and the one travelling westward was one day behind London time. Thus there were three Sundays in a week.Letter WritingReference version:Xiaoxiao Toy Factory, NanjingAugust 31, 20 __Dear Emma,Please forgive me for not writing to you for so long but I was away on a business trip.I was in Guangzhou for three weeks. It is a beautiful city. Was it very hot? No, it was cooler than Nanjing. There are many modern buildings and the whole city is full of flowers. It is very colourful. The only trouble I had was the dialect, I couldn’t understand it even at the end of my stay. But on the whole. I had an enjoyable time.Hoping to hear from you soon.Yours,HailunIV. TranslationA. 1. She broke in with what she had to say before I’d finished speaking.2. Our different views of life made no difference at all to our friendship.3. It so happened that the headmaster asked him to teach algebra, the subject which he hadfailed at school.4. The boy sat quiet in the car, showing unfriendliness to his uncle as if he were his enemy.5. Tom was as disappointed to learn that he had to spend his summer holidays at hisuncle’s as he was sad that Peter had to be kept strictly to his bed because of measles.6. When his youngest son, whom he loved most, defied him, his face turned purple withanger.7. After everyone else had stated his or her own view, the section leader found his voice atlast.8. As they were going out on holiday for two weeks, they left all their pets in the care oftheir neighbour.9. I’m afraid you are mistaken. It’s not next Friday that we’ll have our midterm exam,but next Wednesday.10. According to the new rule, a football team may consist of 24 players. In other words,24 football players may make up a football team.B. Reference version:As soon as Tom began his talk with his father, he wanted to gain his point directly. “I’ve made an important decision, Dad. I’m going into the services.”Tom’s father looked at him with an air of surprised disapproval. “Shouldn’t you get your degree first? You can always do your military service after …”“But Dad, I’ll be drafted this year anyway,” Tom interrupted hastily. “So why not enlist now? My chances of getting some technical training will be better if I enlist —that makes a difference, you know.”“Well,” broke in his father. “You’ve had a good first year at college. This isn’t the time to quit school.”“Dad, my freshman grades weren’t very good. I don’t think I’m able to catch up with the others. Besides, I know how you hate to get into debt. I could never feel right about being a burden to you.”Tom’s father was speechless just from listening to all this. But he found his voice at last. “I think maybe you’d better talk it over with your mother.”V. Blank FillingE. 1. make any difference 2. coincidence3. gains, loses4. on the contrary5. caught up with6. as if7. It so happened, extraordinary concurrence of events 9. purple with angerTEXT IVocabularyA.Guessing the meanings of words:1. g2. a3. f4. h5. b6. e7. d8. cB.Looking up words in a dictionary:1. money or property left to someone by a will2. privately owned piece of land with a large house on it3. talented man4. a mixed feeling of respect, fear and wonder5. prosperous, successful6. work out an outline for7. become engaged8. something that helps to find an answer to a question9. clearly, obviously10. very firm belief11. enough12. powerful and wealthyComprehensionAnswers for reference:B. 1. …in all probability (most likely), the money he made from his estate reached about £200 ayear…2. People all over the world read Shakespeare’s work with a feeling of profound respect andwonderment because there is something about him which made people charmed…3. We do not base every minute and particular detail of his personal life so much on facts ason guesswork.4. We are so uncertain about his activities that we might as well say that he was born whenthe Romans occupied Britain a long time ago.5. Because of its most famous citizen, Stratford-upon-Avon has made a lot of money for along time.6. …he enjoys such high prestige that it is worthwhile to make a journey toStratford-upon-Avon just to be able...7. …after that we know he was in London in 1592.8. Soon Shakespeare became so famous that managers and other powerful people oftenmentioned him in their writings.Comprehension1. Nothing is known of…2. According to a local legend…3. It is said that…4. A different legend says…5. Whatever caused him…6. …there is no mention of…7. From what we know of his later life…8. It is not certain…9. He is not recorded…10. …but he may have shared…TEXT IIIComprehension1. a programme for a 1979 Shanghai Youth Theatre production of Much Ado about Nothing2. a 1955 Parisian poster for a performance of Hector Berlioz’s opera Romeo Et Juliette3. a 1979 Belgian poster for a production of Macbeth4. a 1936 Netherlands poster for a production of a Midsummer Night’s Dream5. a 1937 Greek poster for a production of Hamlet6. a 1933 USSR programme for a Moscow performance of HamletGUIDED WRITINGSentence CombinationReference version:Shakespeare has been the subject of an enormous amount of study by many nations through many many generations, and it is impossible to suggest how broad and how deep his effect has been upon the world. Any schoolboy, however, must feel something of the power of his invention. We have been studying him in connection with Elizabethan drama, of which his work was a part. And we have found him often using old stories, always writing with an effort for theatrical success, and frequently following the methods of his contemporaries. But the power and copiousness of his invention nevertheless stand out unparalleled. The invention is accompanied by superb powers of characterization and poetical expression. Shakespeare has created a host of persons to live with us and he has made us see their virtues and failings and their likeness to ourselves, and their meaning for our lives.Pr is WritingReference version:Thousands of books have been written on William Shakespeare, but very little is known of his personal life. The only handwriting left by Shakespeare which we have now is a number of his signatures, one of which is on his will dated 25 March, 1616. It seems that he died a man of considerable means. His birthplace, Stratford-upon-Avon, has also made a thriving business out of him though tourists understand little of his work and know even less of his life. He might have had some experience with some visiting theatrical companies or even got a job with them. However, he disappeared completely in 1585 and did not “reappear” until seven years later when he emerged in London as an actor and playwright. Over the next 15 years he contributed more than 30 plays to the world as well as marvellous verse. Where did he get such a wealth of knowledge on such a wide range of subjects? Who was the “dark lady” that made him so sad? Where had his manuscripts gone to? Maybe some day we will uncover a bundle of his letters which could shed light on these and other questions.Letter WritingA. 1. I hope that everything is going smoothly with your work.2. I am waiting anxiously for an early reply from you.3. I really hope I can be there for the coming English Evening.4. Best wishes for a happy journey,5. Please let me know your opinion on my decision as soon as you can.6. Please extend my best regards to your parents.B. 1. Love,2. Your loving niece / nephew, / Love,3. Yours, / Love, / All my love, / (Very) best wishes,4. Yours faithfully, / Yours sincerely,5. Yours sincerely,6. Love,IV. TranslationA. 1. No one who has heard about her misfortune will not feel deep sympathy for her.2. He asked the question out of curiosity rather than out of his desire for knowledge.3. This young scholar devoted all his attention to the development of a new type ofcomputer translation software in the full conviction that he would make a name in thenear future.4. Don’t take it seriously. What I’ve just said is not meant for you.5. It was such a low doorway that the tall man had to bend his head rather than keepupright when entering the room.6. Our monitor was suddenly down with a high fever two weeks ago and has beenkeeping to his bed since then.7. It’s unbelievable that he made world-class long distance runners out of these ordinarygirls within two years.8. They tried their best to talk her into giving up the lawsuit, but in vain.9. I t never occurred to those comfortably off farmers that they would move to ametropolitan city.10. While enjoying his delicious dinner in a restaurant, he heard the car alarm andrealized in a flash that he left his car outside in the street unlocked.B. Reference version:Our house is full of things which no one cares even to look at, nor does anyone know if they will be used again. There is the old bicycle without wheels in the garage, and the attic has enough wares for a small department store. There are baskets full of children’s toys, big cases of used clothes; there is a broken mirror, a cracked teapot, bundles of old newspapers, a clock without hands, and many more other things, all gathering dust. As a matter of fact, there is no other house where there is so much useless stuff.I have tried several times to talk my wife into throwing away everything that is no longer needed, but each time she disagrees, arguing with great conviction that they will amount to a large sum of money.Now there is so much junk in our house that perhaps the family had better move out so as to make room for more junk.V. Blank FillingE. 1. fascinating2. No, not3. puzzled4. proves5. made a name for himself6. Of all the disasters, most likely7. historically speaking, well worth, can be traced toUnit 5TEXT IVocabularyA. Guessing the meanings of words:1. d2. e3. b4. a5. f6. c。
